초록 ▼

A system, method and apparatus is provided for monitoring and adjusting the quality of indoor air. A sensor array senses an air sample from the indoor air and analyzes the air sample to obtain signatures representative of contaminants in the air sample. When the level or type of contaminant poses a

A system, method and apparatus is provided for monitoring and adjusting the quality of indoor air. A sensor array senses an air sample from the indoor air and analyzes the air sample to obtain signatures representative of contaminants in the air sample. When the level or type of contaminant poses a threat or hazard to the occupants, the present invention takes corrective actions which may include introducing additional fresh air. The corrective actions taken are intended to promote overall health of personnel, prevent personnel from being overexposed to hazardous contaminants and minimize the cost of operating the HVAC system. The identification of the contaminants is performed by comparing the signatures provided by the sensor array with a database of known signatures. Upon identification, the system takes corrective actions based on the level of contaminant present. The present invention is capable of learning the identity of previously unknown contaminants, which increases its ability to identify contaminants in the future. Indoor air quality is assured by monitoring the contaminants not only in the indoor air, but also in the outdoor air and the air which is to be recirculated. The present invention is easily adaptable to new and existing HVAC systems. In sum, the present invention is able to monitor and adjust the quality of indoor air in real time by sensing the level and type of contaminants present in indoor air, outdoor and recirculated air, providing an intelligent decision about the quality of the air, and minimizing the cost of operating an HVAC system.

대표청구항 ▼

A system, method and apparatus is provided for monitoring and adjusting the quality of indoor air. A sensor array senses an air sample from the indoor air and analyzes the air sample to obtain signatures representative of contaminants in the air sample. When the level or type of contaminant poses a

A system, method and apparatus is provided for monitoring and adjusting the quality of indoor air. A sensor array senses an air sample from the indoor air and analyzes the air sample to obtain signatures representative of contaminants in the air sample. When the level or type of contaminant poses a threat or hazard to the occupants, the present invention takes corrective actions which may include introducing additional fresh air. The corrective actions taken are intended to promote overall health of personnel, prevent personnel from being overexposed to hazardous contaminants and minimize the cost of operating the HVAC system. The identification of the contaminants is performed by comparing the signatures provided by the sensor array with a database of known signatures. Upon identification, the system takes corrective actions based on the level of contaminant present. The present invention is capable of learning the identity of previously unknown contaminants, which increases its ability to identify contaminants in the future. Indoor air quality is assured by monitoring the contaminants not only in the indoor air, but also in the outdoor air and the air which is to be recirculated. The present invention is easily adaptable to new and existing HVAC systems. In sum, the present invention is able to monitor and adjust the quality of indoor air in real time by sensing the level and type of contaminants present in indoor air, outdoor and recirculated air, providing an intelligent decision about the quality of the air, and minimizing the cost of operating an HVAC system. dye intermediate is selected from the group consisting of m-aminophenol; p-phenylene diamine; p-toluenediamine; p-phenylenediamine; 2-chloro-p-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine; N-2-methoxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine; N,N-bis-(hydroxyethyl)l-p-phenylenediamine; 4, 4"-diaminodiphenylamine; 2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine; 2-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine; N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-p-phenylenediamine; 2-propyl-p-phenylenediamine; 1,3-N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-bis (4-aminophenyl)-2-propanol; 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoaniline; p-aminophenol; p-methylaminophenol; 3-methyl-p-aminophenol; 2-hydroxymethyl-p-aminophenol; 2-methyl-p-aminophenol; 2-(2-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)-p-aminophenol; 2-methoxymethyl-p-aminophenol; 5-aminosalicylic acid; catechol; pyrogallol; o-aminophenol; 2,4-diaminophenol; 2,4,5-trihydroxytoluene; 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene; 2-ethylamino-p-cresol; 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene; 5-methyl-o-aminophenol; 6-methyl-o-aminophenol; and 2-amino-5-acetaminophenol; 2-methyl-1-naphthol; 1-acetoxy-2-methylnaphthalene; 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene; resorcinol; 4-chlororesorcinol; 1-naphthol; 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene; 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene; 2-methylresorcinol; 1-hydroxy-6-aminonaphthalene-3-sulfonic acid; thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol): 1,5-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene; 2-chlororesorcinol; 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; 1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid; m-phenylenediamine; 2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)ethanol; N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)-m-phenylenediamine; 2,6-diaminotoluene; N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)-2,4-diaminophenol; bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)-1,3-propane; 1-hydroxyethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene; 2-amino-4hydroxyethylaminoanisole; aminoethoxy-2,4-diaminobenzene; 2,4-diaminophenoxyacetic acid; 4,6-bis(hydroxyethoxy)-m-phenylenediamine; 2,4-diamino-5-methylphenol; 2,4-diamino-5-hydroxyethoxytoluene; 2,4-dimethoxy 1,3-diaminobenzene; 2,6-bis(hydroxyethylamino) toluene; m-aminophenol; 2-hydroxy-4-carbamoylmethylaminotoluene; m-carbamoylmethylaminophenol; 6-hydroxybenzomorpholine; 2-hydroxy-4-aminotoluene; 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxyethylaminotoluene; 4,6-dichloro-m-aminophenol; 2-methyl-m-aminophenol; 2-chloro-6-methyl-m-aminophenol; 2-hydroxyethoxy-5-aminophenol; 2-chloro-5-trifluoroethylaminophenol; 4-chloro-6-methyl-m-aminophenol; N-cyclopentyl-3-aminophenol; N-hydroxyethyl-4-methoxy-2-methyl-m-aminophenol; 5-amino-4-methoxy-2-methylphenol; 2-dimethylamino-5-aminopyridine; 2,4,5,6-tetra-aminopyrimidine; 4,5-diamino-1-methylpyrazole; 1-phenyl-3- methyl-5-pyrazolone; 6-methoxy-8-aminoquinoline; 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine; 5-hydroxy-1,4-benzodioxane; 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol; 4-hydroxyethylamino-1,2-methylenedioxybenzene; 2,6-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethylpyridine; 5-chloro-2,3-dihydroxypyridine; 3,5-diamino-2,6-dimethoxypyridine; 2-hydroxyethylamino-6-methoxy-3-aminopyridine; 3,4-methylenedioxyaniline; 2,6-bis-hydroxyethoxy-3,5-diaminopyridine; 4-hydroxyindole; 3-amino-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxypyridine; 5,6-dihydroxyindole; 7-hydroxyindole; 5-hydroxyindole; 2-bromo-4,5-methylenedioxyphenol; 6-hydroxyindole; 3-amino-2-methylamino-6-methoxypyridine; 2-amino-3-hydroxypryridine; 2,6-diaminopyridine; 5-(3,5-diamino-2-pyridyloxy)-1,3-dihydroxypentane; 3-(3,5-diamino-2-pyridyloxy)-2-hydroxypropanol; 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrmidine and combinations thereof. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said part ai prior to mixture with said oxidizing compound of part aii has a pH of about 8 to about 10. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein part aii prior to mixture with part ai has a pH of about 3 to about 5. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said part ai comprises: (A.) from about 0.05% to about 1.0% of a dye intermediate; (B.) from about 0.1% to about 0.5% of a coupler; and (C.) from about 1% to about 90% of a conditioner base. 6. A method according to claim 1 wherein part aii comprises: (A.) from about 1% to about 90% of a conditioner base; (B.) from about 0.5% to about 2.5% of a volatile silicone; and (C.) from about 0.1% to about 5% of an oxidizing compound. 7. A method according to claim 1 wherein said period for contacting said hair is between about 1 minute and 3 minutes. 8. A method according to claim 1 wherein said set time interval said hair is between each two consecutive such treatments is between about 1 day and about 3 days. 9. A method according to claim 1 wherein said hair has combing force in the range of 5 to 55 gm force. 10. A method according to claim 1 wherein said hair has combing index in the range of 1.1 to 4.0. 11. A method according to claim 1 wherein said hair has break stress in the range of 0.005 to 0.03 gm force/micron. 12. A method according to claim 1 wherein said composition delivers delta E of 0.1 to 65 on blonde hair and delta E of 0.1 to 8 on brown hair. 13. A method according to claim 1 wherein the ratio IR absorption of said hair at 1040/1240 is in the range of 0.01 to 1.5. 14. A method according to claim 1 wherein said oxidizing compound is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, melamine peroxide, sodium perborate and percarbonate. 15. A method according to claim 1 wherein part ai comprises from about 35% to about 98.9% water. 16. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mixture of part 1I and part aii has a neat viscosity of from about 500 cps to about 60,000 cps at 26.7 degrees C., as measured by a Brookfield RVTDCP with a spindle CP-41 at 1RPM for 3 minutes. 17. A method for maintaining hair color through the use of a permanent hair dye which comprises subjecting said hair to successive treatments, having a set time interval between each two consecutive such treatments, wherein each treatment comprises steps a.) and b.) below: a.) contacting said hair, for a period of about 5 seconds to about 5 minutes with a mixture prepared within a few seconds or minutes of said contacting step, the mixture comprising: part ai: dye intermediates in water at alkaline pH with a quaternary ammonium compound formed with one guaternary nitrogen atom having two aliphatic chains each containing about 12 to about 18 carbons and having two identical or different short chain alkyl groups of one or two carbons, each bonded to the guaternary nitrogen atom; and part aii: oxidizing compound in water at acidic pH b.) rinsing said mixture from said hair with water. 18. A method according to claim 1 wherein said dye intermediate in part ai is present at about 0.5% to about 1%. 19. A method according to claim 1 wherein said oxidizing compound in part aii is present at about 2% to about 5%. 20. A dispenser containing composition ai and aii for dispensing simultaneously or nearly simultaneously part ai and part aii according to claim 1, which comprise: (A.) a means for holding part ai and part aii in physically separate locations; (B.) a means for protecting part ai and part aii from air prior to dispensing; (C.) a means for dispensing part ai and part aii in approximately equal amounts and in physical proximity to each other. 21. A method according to claim 1 wherein part ai and part aii are mixed by hand. 22. A method according to claim 1 which comprises rinsing said mixture of part ai and part aii from said hair with water in a shower. 23. A composition for permanently dying hair which comprises a mixture of part ai: a) about 0.1% to about 99.9% of a conditioning base, which comprises about 0.5% to about 5% of a quaternary nitrogen-containing conditioning agent based upon the total composition, the agent being formed with one guaternary nitrogen atom having two aliphatic chains each containing about 12 to about 18 carbons and two having identical or different short chain alkyl groups of one or two carbons, each bonded to the guaternary nitrogen atom; b) about 0.5 to about 10% of a long chain fatty alcohol having about 11 to about 18 carbons in said long chain, c) about 0.1% to about 1% of a dye; and d) about 1% to about 4% of a volatile silicone. 24. A composition according to claim 23 wher