Foamed fracturing fluids, additives and methods of fracturing subterranean zones
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
C09K-003/00
E21B-043/26
출원번호
US-0215781
(2002-08-09)
발명자
/ 주소
Chatterji, Jiten
Crook, Ron
King, Karen L.
출원인 / 주소
Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
대리인 / 주소
Kent, Robert A.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
28인용 특허 :
21
초록▼
The present invention provides environmentally safe foamed fracturing fluids, additives for foaming and stabilizing foamed fracturing fluids and methods of fracturing subterranean zones. The foamed fracturing fluids of this invention are basically comprised of water, a gelling agent for forming the
The present invention provides environmentally safe foamed fracturing fluids, additives for foaming and stabilizing foamed fracturing fluids and methods of fracturing subterranean zones. The foamed fracturing fluids of this invention are basically comprised of water, a gelling agent for forming the water into gelled water and increasing the viscosity thereof, sufficient gas to form a foam, and an effective amount of an additive for foaming and stabilizing the gelled water comprised of hydrolyzed keratin.
대표청구항▼
The present invention provides environmentally safe foamed fracturing fluids, additives for foaming and stabilizing foamed fracturing fluids and methods of fracturing subterranean zones. The foamed fracturing fluids of this invention are basically comprised of water, a gelling agent for forming the
The present invention provides environmentally safe foamed fracturing fluids, additives for foaming and stabilizing foamed fracturing fluids and methods of fracturing subterranean zones. The foamed fracturing fluids of this invention are basically comprised of water, a gelling agent for forming the water into gelled water and increasing the viscosity thereof, sufficient gas to form a foam, and an effective amount of an additive for foaming and stabilizing the gelled water comprised of hydrolyzed keratin. lkyl, C1-C6-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkynyl;R6denotes for k=1hydrogen, straight-chained or branched C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkenyl,C1-C6-alkynyl;denotes for k>1a straight-chained or branched C8-C20-alkyl, C8-C20-alkenyl,C8-C20-alkynyl; and the repeating unit —B—NR 4R6may be identical to one another or different; and an exogenous compound desired to be introduced into cells, and (b) contacting the formulation with one or more cells. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, A denotes an anion selected from the group of chloride, bromide, iodide, hydrogenphosphate (HPO 42−), dihydrogenphosphate (H2PO4−), sulphate, thiosuiphate, hydroxy and/or oxalate; k denotes an integer 1, 2 or 3; B denotes an alkandiyl bridge (—CH 2)n—; and n denotes an integer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; R 1, R3and R4, which may be identical to one another or different, denote hydrogen or straight-chained or branched C1-C6-alkyl; R 2denotes straight-chained or branched C8-C20-alkyl, C8-C20-alkenyl, C8-C20-alkynyl; R 5denotes for k=1a straight-chained or branched C8-C20-alkyl, C8-C20-alkenyl, C8-C20-alkynyldenotes for k>1hydrogen, straight-chained or branched C1-C6-alkyl; R 6denotes for k=1hydrogen, straight-chained or branched C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkynyl;denotes for k>1a straight-chained or branched C8-C20-alkyl, C8-C20-alkenyl, C8-C20-alkynyl and the repeating unit —B—NR4R6is preferably identical to one another.3. The method according to claim 1, wherein A denotes an anion selected from the group of bromide, iodide, dihydrogenphosphate (H 2PO4—) and/or thiosulphate; k denotes an integer 1 or 2; B denotes for k=1 an alkandiyl bridge —(CH2)nwhereinn represents an integer 2, 3 or 4;denotes for k=2an ethylene bridge —(CH2—CH2)—; R 1, R3and R4, which are identical to one another, denote CH3; R 2denotes straight-chained C10-C20-alkyl; R 5denotes for k=1straight-chained C10-C20-alkyl and is identical to R2;denotes for k=2CH3; R 6denotes for k=1CH3denotes for k=2straight-chained C10-C20-alkyl and is identical to R2.4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said compound is part of a liposome further comprising a neutral lipid or lipid like compound.5. The method according to claim 4, wherein said neutral lipid or lipid like compound is dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and/or 1,2-dioleoyloxiphosphatidylethanolamine and/or Cholesterole and/or Dioleyl-phosphatidyicholin (DOPC).6. The method according to claim 1 or4, wherein said compound comprises a cell targeting component.7. The method according to claim 6, wherein said cell targeting compound is a ligand or ligand-like component for a specific cell surface receptor or nuclear receptor.8. The method according to claim 1 or4 for in vitro transfection of cell cultures, wherein said exogenous compound is DNA, and wherein the DNA/liposome ratio is 0.01 &mgr;g to 1 &mgr;g DNA/&mgr;g liposome.9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the DNA/liposome ratio is 0.1 &mgr;g to 1 &mgr;g DNA/&mgr;g liposome.10. The method according to claim 1 or4 for in vivo transfection, wherein said exogenous compound is DNA, and wherein the DNA/liposome ratio is in the range of DNA/liposome (w/w) 2:1 to 1:3/1 &mgr;g to 100 mg per kg body weight.11. A kit for transfection, comprising: (a) liposome preparation components comprising: a cationic cytofectin of the general Formula (I): wherein A denotes an anion selected from the group of chloride, bromide, iodide, hydrogenphosphate (HPO42−), dihydrogenphosphate (H2PO4=), sulphate, thiosulphate, hydroxy and/or oxalate;k denotes an integer 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;B denotes an alkandiyl bridge (CH2)n; whereinn denotes an integer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10;R1, R3and R4, which may be identical to one another or different, denote hydrogen, straight-chained or branched C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkynyl;R2denotes straight-chained or branched C8-C20-al
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