초록 ▼

An internal comustion engine has an air induction system that provides an intake passage and an intake silencer, wherein there are a plurality of openings between the silencer and the intake passage. The openings can be selectively closed so as to effectively lengthen or shorten the flow path throug

An internal comustion engine has an air induction system that provides an intake passage and an intake silencer, wherein there are a plurality of openings between the silencer and the intake passage. The openings can be selectively closed so as to effectively lengthen or shorten the flow path through the intake passage. upstream portions of the intake passage are disposed within the intake silencer so as to facilitate compactness of the induction system. The openings are closed during low and medium engine speeds, and are opened during high engine speeds.

대표청구항 ▼

An internal comustion engine has an air induction system that provides an intake passage and an intake silencer, wherein there are a plurality of openings between the silencer and the intake passage. The openings can be selectively closed so as to effectively lengthen or shorten the flow path throug

An internal comustion engine has an air induction system that provides an intake passage and an intake silencer, wherein there are a plurality of openings between the silencer and the intake passage. The openings can be selectively closed so as to effectively lengthen or shorten the flow path through the intake passage. upstream portions of the intake passage are disposed within the intake silencer so as to facilitate compactness of the induction system. The openings are closed during low and medium engine speeds, and are opened during high engine speeds. The invention relates to an initiating element for use in a detonator to cause a base charge arranged in the detonator, to detonate. The initiating element comprises an ignitable initiating charge which upon ignition generates combustion gases by means of which the base charge is intended to be caused to detonate. The initiating element comprises a compression means which is arranged to be acted upon by said combustion gases to be moved towards the base charge for compression of the same. The invention further relates to a method of igniting a compressed base charge in a detonator, the base charge being further compressed during an initiation phase to increased density. In addition, the invention relates to a detonator provided with a base charge which at a moment of detonation has increased density. ge, the secondary explosive being arranged to detonate after provision of increased density in the base charge by the compression and to ignite the base charge by its detonation. 7. An initiating element as claimed in claim 6, wherein the secondary explosive is present in a loosely pressed or unconfined state.8. An initiating element as claimed in claim 7, wherein means are arranged to heat until ignition and compress the loosely pressed secondary explosive, by the action of the combustion gases, thereby to increase its energy to a level where it is caused to detonate.9. An initiating element as claimed in claim 8, wherein the loosely pressed secondary explosive is arranged in a duct in, or alternatively around, the base charge compressing means, and a secondary explosive compression means is movably arranged in the duct to cause the compression of the secondary explosive under the action of the pressure from the combustion gages.10. An initiating element as claimed in claim 9, wherein the length of the duct is greater than its diameter and smaller than ten times its diameter.11. An initiating element as claimed in claim 9, wherein the base charge compressing means comprises a first piston and the secondary explosive compressing means comprises a movably arranged second piston, the outer diameter of the first piston preferably being between 1.1 and 5.0 times the diameter of the movably arranged second piston.12. An initiating element as claimed in claim 6, which has a substantially circular cross-section with a diameter which is substantially the same as the inner diameter of a detonator in which the initiating element is intended to be placed.13. A detonator comprising a compressed base charge of a secondary explosive, wherein at least some part of the base charge is in a substantially crystalline state at the moment of detonation, the detonator comprising means for further comprising the base charge during an initiation phase, at least some part of the base charge thereby attaining the substantially crystalline state. 14. A detonator comprising a compressed base charge of a secondary explosive, th detonator being provided with an initiating element as claimed in claim 6.