A resonator circuit ( 10 ) has a pair of varactor diodes ( 13, 14 ), a capacitor ( 15 ), and a transformer ( 20 ) coupled in parallel with the capacitor and varactor diodes. Further, in order to provide a high frequency output an impedance inverter network ( 35, 36 ) is coupled to the transformer.
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1. A resonator circuit comprising:an input;first and second varactor diodes having a common cathode connection, the common cathode connection coupled to the input;a capacitor coupled to anodes of the first and second varactor diodes; anda transformer having lightly coupled first and second sides, sa
1. A resonator circuit comprising:an input;first and second varactor diodes having a common cathode connection, the common cathode connection coupled to the input;a capacitor coupled to anodes of the first and second varactor diodes; anda transformer having lightly coupled first and second sides, said first side coupled in parallel with said capacitor and with said first and second varactor diodes, said second side providing a high frequency, high Q, non-attenuated output. 2. The resonator circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is further included an impedance inverter network coupled between the second side of the transformer and the high frequency non-attenuated output. 3. The resonator circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the impedance inverter network includes first and second impedance inverter networks, said first impedance inverter network coupled between a first terminal of said second side of said transformer and said second impedance inverter network coupled between a second terminal of said second side of said transformer. 4. The resonator circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of the first and second impedance inverter networks include:at least one inductor coupled between a terminal of the second side of the transformer and the high frequency non-attenuated output; andat least one capacitor coupled between the at least one inductor and the terminal of the second side of the transformer and ground. 5. The resonator circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein each of the first and second impedance inverter networks include:a series connection of first and second inductors coupled between the high frequency non-attenuated output and the terminal of the second side of the transformer;a plurality of capacitors coupled between the first and second inductors and ground, the plurality of capacitors including a first capacitor coupled between the first inductor and the terminal of the second side of the transformer;a second capacitor coupled between the first and second inductors and ground; anda third capacitor connected between the high frequency non-attenuated output, the second inductor and ground. 6. The resonator circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transformer includes a coupling of the first and second sides of the transformer at a turns ratio of approximately 10:1. 7. The resonator circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first side of the transformer includes first and second windings having a center tap connected to ground. 8. In a voltage controlled oscillator, a resonator circuit comprising:an input;first and second varactor diodes having a common cathode connection, the common cathode connection coupled to the input;a capacitor coupled to anodes of the first and second varactor diodes; anda transformer having lightly coupled first and second sides, said first side coupled in parallel with said capacitor and with said first and second varactor diodes, said second side providing a high frequency, high Q, non-attenuated output. 9. The resonator circuit as claimed in claim 8, wherein there is further included an impedance inverter network coupled between the second side of the transformer and the high frequency non-attenuated output. 10. The resonator circuit as claimed in claim 9, wherein the impedance inverter network includes first and second impedance inverter networks, said first impedance inverter network coupled between a first terminal of said second side of said transformer and said second impedance inverter network coupled between a second terminal of said second side of said transformer. 11. The resonator circuit as claimed in claim 10, wherein each of the first and second impedance inverter networks include:at least one inductor coupled between a terminal of the second side of the transformer and the high frequency non-attenuated output; andat least one capacitor coupled between the at least one inductor and the terminal of the second side of the transformer and ground. 12. The resona tor circuit as claimed in claim 11, wherein each of the first and second impedance inverter networks include:a series connection of first and second inductors coupled between the high frequency non-attenuated output and the terminal of the second side of the transformer;a plurality of capacitors coupled between the first and second inductors and ground, the plurality of capacitors including a first capacitor coupled between the first inductor and the terminal of the second side of the transformer;a second capacitor coupled between the first and second inductors and ground; anda third capacitor connected between the high frequency non-attenuated output, the second inductor and ground. 13. The resonator circuit as claimed in claim 8, wherein the transformer includes a coupling of the first and second sides of the transformer at a turns ratio of approximately 10:1. 14. The resonator circuit as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first side of the transformer includes first and second windings having a center tap connected to ground. 15. In a telecommunication system base station, in a voltage controlled oscillator, a resonator circuit comprising:an input;first and second varactor diodes having a common cathode connection, the common cathode connection coupled to the input;a capacitor coupled to anodes of the first and second varactor diodes; anda transformer having lightly coupled first and second sides, said first side coupled in parallel with said capacitor and with said first and second varactor diodes, said second side providing a high frequency, high Q, non-attenuated output. 16. In a telecommunication system base station, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 15, wherein there is further included an impedance inverter network coupled between the second side of the transformer and the high frequency, high Q, non-attenuated output. 17. In a telecommunication system base station, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 16, wherein the impedance inverter network includes first and second impedance inverter networks, said first impedance inverter network coupled between a first terminal of said second side of said transformer and said second impedance inverter network coupled between a second terminal of said second side of said transformer. 18. In a telecommunication system base station, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 17, wherein each of the first and second impedance inverter networks include:at least one inductor coupled between a terminal of the second side of the transformer and the high frequency non-attenuated output; andat least one capacitor coupled between the at least one inductor and the terminal of the second side of the transformer and ground. 19. In a telecommunication system base station, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 17, wherein each of the first and second impedance inverter networks include:a series connection of first and second inductors coupled between the high frequency non-attenuated output and the terminal of the second side of the transformer;a plurality of capacitors coupled between the first and second inductors and ground, the plurality of capacitors including a first capacitor coupled between the first inductor and the terminal of the second side of the transformer;a second capacitor coupled between the first and second inductors and ground; anda third capacitor connected between the high frequency non-attenuated output, the second inductor and ground. 20. In a telecommunication system base station, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 15, wherein the transformer includes a coupling of the first and second sides of the transformer at a turns ratio of approximately 10:1. 21. In a telecommunication system base station, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first side of the transformer includes first and second windings having a center tap connected to ground. 22. In a telecommunication handset, in a voltage controlled oscillator, a resonator circuit comprising:an input;first and second varactor diodes having a common cathode connection, the common cathode connection coupled to the input;a capacitor coupled to anodes of the first and second varactor diodes; anda transformer having lightly coupled first and second sides, said first side coupled in parallel with said capacitor and with said first and second varactor diodes, said second side providing a high frequency, high Q, non-attenuated output. 23. In a telecommunication handset, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 22, wherein there is further included an impedance inverter network coupled between the second side of the transformer and the high frequency, high Q, non-attenuated output. 24. In a telecommunication system base station, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 22, wherein the impedance inverter network includes first and second impedance inverter networks, said first impedance inverter network coupled between a first terminal of said second side of said transformer and said second impedance inverter network coupled between a second terminal of said second side of said transformer. 25. In a telecommunication handset, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 23, wherein each of the first and second impedance inverter networks include:at least one inductor coupled between a terminal of the second side of the transformer and the high frequency non-attenuated output; andat least one capacitor coupled between the at least one inductor and the terminal of the second side of the transformer and ground. 26. In a telecommunication handset, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 23, wherein each of the first and second impedance inverter networks include:a series connection of first and second inductors coupled between the high frequency non-attenuated output and the terminal of the second side of the transformer;a plurality of capacitors coupled between the first and second inductors and ground, the plurality of capacitors including a first capacitor coupled between the first inductor and the terminal of the second side of the transformer;a second capacitor coupled between the first and second inductors and ground; anda third capacitor connected between the high frequency non-attenuated output, the second inductor and ground. 27. In a telecommunication handset, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 22, wherein the transformer includes a coupling of the first and second sides of the transformer at a turns ratio of approximately 10:1. 28. In a telecommunication handset, in a voltage controlled oscillator, the resonator circuit as claimed in claim 22, wherein the first side of the transformer includes first and second windings having a center tap connected to ground.
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Swartz Harold M. (Hanover NH) Goda Fuminori (Hanover NH) Walczak Tadeusz (Hanover NH) Liu Ke J. (Hanover NH), Apparatus and methodology for determining oxygen in biological systems.
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