초록

A toner comprised of a branched amorphous resin, a crystalline resin, and a colorant.

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1. A toner comprised of a branched amorphous resin, a crystalline resin, and a colorant, and wherein said branched amorphous resin is an alkali sulfonated polyester, an alkali sulfonated polyamide, an alkali sulfonated polyimide, an alkali sulfonated polystyrene-acrylate, an alkali sulfonated polyst

1. A toner comprised of a branched amorphous resin, a crystalline resin, and a colorant, and wherein said branched amorphous resin is an alkali sulfonated polyester, an alkali sulfonated polyamide, an alkali sulfonated polyimide, an alkali sulfonated polystyrene-acrylate, an alkali sulfonated polystyrene-methacrylate, an alkali sulfonated polystyrene-butadiene, or an alkali sulfonated polyester-imide, and wherein said toner is generated by an emulsion aggregation coalescence process. 2. A toner in accordance to claim 1 wherein the crystalline resin is a polyester, a polyamide, a polyimide, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polybutylene, a polyisobutyrate, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. 3. A toner in accordance to claim 1 wherein the crystalline resin is a polyester, a polyamide, a polyimide, a polyisobutyrate, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. 4. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said alkali is sodium, lithium, potassium or cesium. 5. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said branched amorphous resin is a sulfonated polyester resin, said crystalline resin is a sulfonated polyester resin, and which toner further includes a wax. 6. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the branched amorphous resin is copoly(ethylene-terephthalate)-copoly(ethylene-5-sulfo-isophthalate), copoly(propylene-terephthalate)-copoly(propylene-5-sulfo-isophthalate), copoly(diethylene-terephthalate)-copoly(diethylene-5-sulfo-isophthalate), copoly(propylene-diethylene-terephthalate)-copoly(propylene-diethylene-5-sulfoisophthalate), copoly(propylene-butylene-terephthalate)-copoly(propylene-butylene-5-sulfo-isophthalate), copoly(propoxylated bisphenol-A-fumarate)-copoly (propoxylated bisphenol A-5-sulfo-isophthalate), copoly(ethoxylated bisphenol-A-fumarate)-copoly(ethoxylated bisphenol-A-5-sulfo-isophthalate), or copoly(ethoxylated bisphenol-A-maleate)-copoly(ethoxylated bisphenol-A-5-sulfo-isophthalate). 7. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the crystalline resin is poly(ethylene-adipate), poly(propylene-adipate), poly(butylene-adipate), poly(pentylene-adipate), poly(hexylene-adipate), poly(octylene-adipate), poly(ethylene-succinate), poly(propylene-succinate), poly(butylene-succinate), poly(pentylene-succinate), poly(hexylene-succinate), poly(octylene-succinate), poly(ethylene-sebacate), poly(propylene-sebacate), poly(butylene-sebacate), poly(pentylene-sebacate), poly(hexylene-sebacate), poly(octylene-sebacate), copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(ethylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(propylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(butylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(pentylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(hexylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(octylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(ethylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(propylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(butylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(pentylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(hexylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(octylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(ethylene-succinate), copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(propylene-succinate), copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(butylene-succinate), copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(pentylene-succinate), copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(hexylene-succinate), copoly(5-sulfoisophthaloyl)-copoly(octylene-succinate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(ethylene-sebacate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(propylene-sebacate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(butylenes-sebacate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(pentylene-sebacate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(hexylene-sebacate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(octylene-sebacate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(ethylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(propylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo -isophthaloyl)-copoly(butylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(pentylene-adipate), copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(hexylene-adipate), or poly(octylene-adipate). 8. A toner in accordance with claim 1 with a glass transition temperature of from about 52° C. to about 65° C. 9. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the branched amorphous resin has a glass transition temperature of from about 52° C. to about 65° C. 10. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the crystalline resin has a melting point of from about 60° C. to about 110° C. 11. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the branched amorphous resin has a number average molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 100,000, a weight average molecular weight of from about 8,000 to about 500,000, and dispersity of from about 2 to about 36. 12. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the crystalline resin has a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 50,000, a weight average molecular weight of from about 2,000 to about 200,000, and dispersity of from about 2 to about 36. 13. A toner in accordance with claim 1 with a particle size diameter of from about 3 to about 12 microns. 14. A toner in accordance with claim 1 with a fixing temperature of from about 90° C. to about 110° C. 15. A toner in accordance with claim 1 with a fusing latitude of from about 50° C. to about 90° C. 16. A toner in accordance with claim 1 that avoids image development document offset at a temperature of from about 60° C. to about 70° C. 17. A toner in accordance with claim 1 with substantially no vinyl offset. 18. A toner in accordance with claim 1 with a projection efficiency of from about 75 to about 95 percent. 19. A toner in accordance with claim 1 with a gloss of from about 10 to about 90 gloss units. 20. A toner in accordance with claim 1 further including a wax. 21. A toner in accordance with claim 20 wherein the wax is a polypropylene, a polyethylene, or mixtures thereof. 22. A toner in accordance with claim 20 wherein said amorphous resin is copoly(ethylene-terephthalate)-copoly(ethylene-5-sulfo-isophthalate), copoly(propylene-terephthalate)-copoly(propylene-5-sulfo-isophthalate), or copoly(diethylene-terephthalate)-copoly(diethylene-5-sulfo-isophthalate), and wherein said crystalline resin is copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(ethylene-sebacate), or copoly(5-sulfo-isophthaloyl)-copoly(propylene-sebacate). 23. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said branched resin is a polyamide of copoly(ethylene-terephthalamide)-copoly(ethylene-5-sulfo-isophthalamide), copoly(propylene-terephthalamide)-copoly(propylene-5-sulfo-isophthalamide), or copoly(diethylene-terephthalamide)-copoly(diethylene-5-sulfo-isophthalamide). 24. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polystyrene-acrylate is copoly(p-sulfostyrene)-copoly(styrene)-copoly(methyl acrylate), copoly(p-sulfostyrene)-copoly(styrene)-copoly(ethyl acrylate), copoly(p-sulfostyrene)-copoly(styrene)-copoly(propyl acrylate), or copoly(p-sulfostyrene)-copoly(styrene)-copoly(butyl acrylate). 25. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polyesterimide is copoly(ethylene-terephthalate)-copoly(ethylene-5-sulfo-isophthalate)-copoly(ethylene-terephthalimide)-copoly(ethylene-5-sulfo-isophthalimide). 26. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said crystalline resin is poly(ethylene-adipate), poly(ethylene-sebacate), poly(butylene-adipate), poly(butylene-sebacate), or poly(hexylene-sebacate). 27. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the amorphous branched resin is present in an amount of from about 40 to about 90 percent of the toner; wherein the crystalline resin is present in an amount of from about 5 to about 40 percent of the toner; and wherein the colorant is present in an amount of from about 3 to about 15 percent of the toner. 28. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the amorphous branched resin displays a gla ss transition temperature of from about 50° C. to about 65° C.; wherein crystalline resin displays a melting temperature of from about 50° C. to about 110° C.; wherein the amorphous branched resin displays an average molecular weight of about 2,000 to about 300,000 grams per mole; and wherein the crystalline resin displays an average molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 50,000 grams per mole. 29. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the colorant is a pigment. 30. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the colorant is dye. 31. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the colorant is a pigment present in an amount of from about 4 to about 18 weight percent. 32. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the colorant is a pigment present in an amount of from about 3 to about 15 weight percent. 33. A toner in accordance with claim 1 further containing toner additives. 34. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said branched resin is copoly(ethylene-terephthalate)-copoly(ethylene-5-sulfoisophthalate). 35. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said crystalline resin is the sodio salt of copoly(ethylene-5-sulfoisophthalate)-copoly(ethylene-sebacate). 36. A toner consisting essentially of a branched amorphous resin, a crystalline resin, and a colorant, and wherein the branched amorphous resin is a polyester, a polyamide, a polyimide, a polystyrene-acrylate, a polystyrene-methacrylate, a polystyrene-butadiene, or a polyester-imide; and wherein the crystalline resin is a polyester, a polyamide, a polyimide, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polybutylene, a polyisobutyrate, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. 37. A toner in accordance with claim 36 wherein said toner is generated by an emulsion aggregation coalescence process, which process comprises the heating of an amorphous resin, a crystalline resin, and colorant, which heating comprises a first heating below the amorphous resin Tg and a second heating above the amorphous resin Tg, and wherein aggregation and coalescence of said resins and colorant are accomplished, and wherein said amorphous resin is an alkali sulfonated polyester, an alkali sulfonated polyamide, an alkali sulfonated polyimide, an alkali sulfonated polyslyrene-acrylate, an alkali sulfonated polystyrene-methacrylate, an alkali sulfonated polystyrene-butadiene, or an alkali sulfonated polyester-imide.