[특허]Gas generating compositions

Talley Defense Systems, Inc.

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Gas generating compositions

특허상세정보
국가/구분	United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)	C06B-031/02 C06B-029/22
미국특허분류(USC)	149/061; 149/076
출원번호	US-0798548 (2001-03-02)
발명자 / 주소	Knowlton, Gregory D. Ludwig, Christopher P. Haun, Daniel V.
출원인 / 주소	Talley Defense Systems, Inc.
대리인 / 주소	Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper &
인용정보	피인용 횟수 : 0 인용 특허 : 38

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A low-solids gas generating composition, which is a mixture of a fuel selected for the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose acetate, hexamine, and mixtures thereof, and an oxidizer selected from the group consisting of ceric ammonium nitrate, lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, phase stabilized ammonium nitrate, a combination of ammonium nitrate with potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, or mixtures thereof, such that the combination is a solid solution, a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and at least one alkali metal salt, and mixtures thereof. The combination of ammonium nitrate with other salts in solid solution is intended to phase stabilize the ammonium nitrate. The oxidizer-fuel mixture is within about 4 percent of stoichiometric balance. Useful alkali metal salts include lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and mixtures thereof. The preferred oxidizers for the gas generating composition of the invention are ceric ammonium nitrate, lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and at least one alkali metal salt, and mixtures thereof. In addition, the gas generating composition may include an energizing agent, such as RDX or HMX. The gas generating composition of the invention may further comprise sub-micron fumed silica to reduce moisture contamination and serve as a processing and powder flow aid and/or a binder, and may be in the form of pressed pellets, grains, or granules.

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1. A low-solids gas generating composition, comprising a mixture of a fuel selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose acetate, hexamine, and mixtures thereof, and an oxidizer comprising a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and at least one alkali metal salt, wherein the alkali metal salt produces an oxide upon combustion that reacts with hydrogen chloride to form an alkali metal chloride, and is present in an amount sufficient to scavenge any hydrogen chloride produced by the ammonium perchlorate during combustion, the ammonium perchlorate/alkali metal salt oxidizer and fuel are present in amounts in the oxidizer-fuel mixture, such that the ammonium perchlorate/alkali metal salt oxidizer and the fuel of cellulose, cellulose acetate, hexamine, or mixture thereof in the mixture are within about 4 percent of stoichiometric balance for a reaction between the ammonium perchlorate/alkali metal salt oxidizer and fuel, and the low-solids gas generating composition produces no more than about 30 percent solids on combustion.2. The gas generating composition of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and mixtures thereof.3. The gas generating composition of claim 1, further comprising sub-micron fumed silica.4. The gas generating composition of claim 1, wherein the fuel further comprises at least one of guanidine nitrate and nitroguanidine.5. The gas generating composition of claim 1, wherein the gas generant is in the form of pressed pellets, grains, or granules.6. The gas generating composition of claim 1, further comprising an energizing agent.7. The gas generating composition of claim 6, wherein the energizing agent is selected from the group consisting of RDX and HMX.8. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising cellulose and an oxidizer comprising a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and sodium nitrate.9. The gas generating composition of claim 8, comprising from about 22 to about 28 percent cellulose and from about 72 to about 78 percent oxidizer, wherein the oxidizer comprises ammonium perchlorate and sodium nitrate in a mole ratio of about 1 mole of ammonium perchlorate to about 1 to about 4 moles of sodium nitrate.10. The gas generating composition of claim 8, comprising about 24 percent cellulose, about 43 percent ammonium perchlorate, and about 33 percent sodium nitrate.11. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising hexamine and an oxidizer comprising a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and sodium nitrate.12. The gas generating composition of claim 11, comprising from about 14 to about 18 percent hexamine and from about 82 to about 86 percent oxidizer, wherein the oxidizer comprises ammonium perchlorate and sodium nitrate in a mole ratio of about 1 mole of ammonium perchlorate to about 1 to about 4 moles of sodium nitrate.13. The gas generating composition of claim 11, comprising about 16 percent hexamine, about 48 percent ammonium perchlorate, and about 36 percent sodium nitrate.14. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising cellulose acetate and an oxidizer comprising a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and sodium nitrate.15. The gas generating composition of claim 14, comprising from about 20 to about 25 percent cellulose acetate and from about 75 to about 80 percent oxidizer, wherein the oxidizer comprises ammonium perchlorate and sodium nitrate in a mole ratio of about 1 mole of ammonium perchlorate to about 1 to about 4 moles of sodium nitrate.16. The gas generating composition of claim 14, comprising about 22 percent cellulose acetate, about 44 percent ammonium perchlorate, and about 34 percent sodium nitrate.17. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising cellulose, guanidine nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, sodium nitrate, and silica.18. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising about 10 percent cellulose, about 36 percent guanidine nitrate, about 30.6 percent ammonium perchlorate, about 23.2 percent sodium nitrate, and about 0.2 percent silica.19. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising hexamine, guanidine nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, sodium nitrate, and silica.20. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising about 10 percent hexamine, about 22.8 percent guanidine nitrate, about 38 percent ammonium perchlorate, about 28.9 percent sodium nitrate, and about 0.3 percent silica.21. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising cellulose acetate, guanidine nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, sodium nitrate, and silica.22. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising about 10 percent cellulose acetate, about 33.9 percent guanidine nitrate, about 31.7 percent ammonium perchlorate, about 24.2 percent sodium nitrate, and about 0.2 percent silica.23. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising cellulose, nitroguanidine, ammonium perchlorate, sodium nitrate, and silica.24. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising about 10 percent cellulose, about 33.7 percent nitroguanidine, about 32 percent ammonium perchlorate, about 24.1 percent sodium nitrate, and about 0.2 percent silica.25. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising cellulose, hexamine, nitroguanidine, ammonium perchlorate, sodium nitrate, and silica.26. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising about 10 percent cellulose, about 10 percent hexamine, about 21.3 percent nitroguanidine, about 39.1 percent ammonium perchlorate, about 29.3 percent sodium nitrate, and about 0.3 percent silica.27. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising cellulose acetate, nitroguanidine, ammonium perchlorate, sodium nitrate, and silica.28. The gas generating composition of claim 1, comprising about 10 percent cellulose acetate, about 31.7 percent nitroguanidine, about 33 percent ammonium perchlorate, about 25 percent sodium nitrate, and about 0.3 percent silica.29. A low-solids gas generating composition, comprising a mixture of a cellulose fuel and an ammonium perchlorate/alkali metal salt oxidizer, the ammonium perchlorate/alkali metal salt oxidizer consisting essentially of a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and at least one alkali metal salt, selected from the group consisting of Li2CO3, LiNO3, NaNO3, and KNO3, wherein the alkali metal salt is present in an amount sufficient to scavenge any hydrogen chloride produced by the ammonium perchlorate during combustion, the cellulose fuel and the ammonium perchlorate/alkali metal salt oxidizer are present in amounts that provide an oxidizer-fuel mixture within about 4 percent of stoichiometric balance for a reaction between the cellulose fuel and the ammonium perchlorate/alkali metal salt oxidizer, and the low-solids gas generating composition produces no more than about 30 percent solids on combustion.30. The low-solids gas generating composition according to claim 29, wherein the cellulose fuel is present in an amount of from about 22 to about 28 percent by weight and the ammonium perchlorate/alkali metal salt oxidizer is present in an amount of from about 72 to about 78 percent by weight, wherein the ammonium perchlorate/alkali metal salt oxidizer comprises ammonium perchlorate and sodium nitrate in a mole ratio of about 1 mole of ammonium perchlorate to about 1 to about 4 moles of sodium nitrate.31. The low-solids gas generating composition according to claim 29, further comprising about 0.3 percent sub-micron fumed silica.

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Gas generating compositions

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