IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0455092
(2003-06-05)
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Highsmith, Thomas K.
- Hanks, Jami M.
- Velarde, Stephen P.
- Bottaro, Jeffrey
|
출원인 / 주소 |
|
대리인 / 주소 |
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
0 인용 특허 :
3 |
초록
A method is provided for the synthesis of nitramines and the recovery of the nitramines from a clathrate.
대표청구항
▼
1. A method for preparing an N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane, selected from the group consisting of 1,9-bis-(3′,5′-dinitro-1′,2′,4′-triazolo)-2,5,8-trinitrazanonane and 1,6-bis-(3′,5′-dinitro-1′,2′,4′-triazolo)-2,5-dinitrahexane, the method comprising:halomethylating a polynitrazaalkane in at
1. A method for preparing an N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane, selected from the group consisting of 1,9-bis-(3′,5′-dinitro-1′,2′,4′-triazolo)-2,5,8-trinitrazanonane and 1,6-bis-(3′,5′-dinitro-1′,2′,4′-triazolo)-2,5-dinitrahexane, the method comprising:halomethylating a polynitrazaalkane in at least one solvent with a halogenating agent to form an N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane, wherein the polynitrazaalkane has at least one terminal nitraza moiety and wherein the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises an N-halomethyl moiety having a halogen atom; substituting a heterocyclic nucleophile for the halogen atom of the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane to form a clathrate comprising an N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane, wherein the heterocyclic nucleophile comprises a triazole; and recovering the N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane from the clathrate by precipitation in a nonsolvent. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein halomethylating the polynitrazaalkane in the at least one solvent with the halogenating agent to form the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises forming the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane having a halogen atom comprising a member selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and iodine.3. The method of claim 1, wherein substituting the heterocyclic nucleophile for the halogen atom of the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises substituting a triazole for the halogen atom.4. The method of claim 1, wherein substituting the heterocyclic nucleophile for the halogen atom of the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises substituting a triazole having at least one nitro substituent for the halogen atom.5. The method of claim 1, wherein substituting the heterocyclic nucleophile for the halogen atom of the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises substituting a triazole having two nitro substituents for the halogen atom.6. The method of claim 1, wherein substituting the heterocyclic nucleophile for the halogen atom of the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane to form the clathrate comprising the N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises forming the clathrate comprising at least one pair of methylene-spaced nitramine moieties.7. The method of claim 1, wherein substituting the heterocyclic nucleophile for the halogen atom of the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane to form the clathrate comprising the N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises forming the clathrate comprising at least two pairs of methylene-spaced nitramine moieties.8. The method of claim 1, wherein substituting the heterocyclic nucleophile for the halogen atom of the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane to form the clathrate comprising the N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises forming the clathrate comprising two heterocyclomethyl groups.9. The method of claim 1, wherein substituting the heterocyclic nucleophile for the halogen atom of the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane to form the clathrate comprising the N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises forming the clathrate comprising 1,9-bis-(3′,5′-dinitro-1′,2′,4′-triazolo)-2,5,8-trinitrazanonane.10. The method of claim 1, wherein substituting the heterocyclic nucleophile for the halogen atom of the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane to form the clathrate comprising the N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises forming the clathrate comprising 1,6-bis-(3′,5′-dinitro-1′,2′,4′-triazolo)-2,5-dinitrahexane.11. The method of claim 1, wherein recovering the N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane from the clathrate by precipitation in the nonsolvent comprises selecting the nonsolvent to comprise a member selected from the group consisting of methanol and methylene chloride.12. The method of claim 1, wherein halomethylating the polynitrazaalkane in the at least one solvent with the halogenating agent to form the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane and substituting the heterocyclic nucleophile for the halogen atom of the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane to form the clathrate comprising the N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises:hydroxymethylating the at least one terminal nitraza moiety of the polynitrazaalkane to form at least one N-hydroxymethyl nitraza moiety; esterifying the at least one N-hydroxymethyl nitraza moiety of the polynitrazaalkane with a leaving group; and substituting the heterocyclic nucleophile for the leaving group of the polynitrazaalkane to form the N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane, the substituting taking place in the at least one solvent. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the polynitrazaalkane to be halomethylated is prepared by a method comprising:providing a polyamine comprising at least one primary amine moiety and at least one secondary amine moiety; perchlorinating the polyamine to convert the at least one primary amine moiety into an N-perchlorinated amine moiety having two chlorine atoms and to convert the at least one secondary amine moiety into an N-chlorinated amine moiety having one chlorine atom; nitrating the polyamine to substitute respective nitro moieties for one of the chlorine atoms of the N-perchlorinated amine moiety and for the chlorine atom of the N-chlorinated amine moiety; and dechlorinating the polyamine. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the polynitrazaalkane to be halomethylated is prepared by a method comprising:providing a polyamine comprising at least two primary amine moieties; perchlorinating the polyamine to convert the at least two primary amine moieties into respective N-perchlorinated amine moieties each having two respective chlorine atoms; nitrating the polyamine to substitute respective nitro moieties for one of the chlorine atoms of each of the N-perchlorinated amine moieties; and dechlorinating the polyamine. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the polynitrazaalkane to be halomethylated is prepared by a method comprising:providing a polyamine comprising at least one primary amine moiety and at least one secondary amine moiety; acylating the polyamine to convert the at least one primary amine moiety into an acylated amine moiety while leaving the at least one secondary amine moiety non-acylated; nitrating the acylated polyamine to substitute respective nitro moieties for hydrogen atoms of the acylated amine moiety and the at least one non-acylated secondary amine moiety; and deacylating the acylated amine moiety. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the polynitrazaalkane to be halomethylated is prepared by a method comprising:providing a polyamine comprising at least two primary amine moieties; acylating the polyamine to convert the at least two primary amine moieties into respective acylated secondary amine moieties of an N-acylated polyamine; nitrating the acylated polyamine to substitute respective nitro moieties for hydrogen atoms of the acylated secondary amine moieties; and deacylating the acylated secondary amine moieties. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein substituting the heterocyclic nucleophile for the halogen atom of the N-halomethyl polynitrazaalkane to form the clathrate comprising the N-heterocyclomethyl polynitrazaalkane comprises heterocyclomethylating 1,2-dinitrazaethylene.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.