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An on-chip chemical compound dilution system for providing dilution of a chemical compound in a microfluidic application includes at least one sample well for providing a selected chemical compound to be diluted, a dilution well for providing a diluent for diluting the chemical compound, a network o

An on-chip chemical compound dilution system for providing dilution of a chemical compound in a microfluidic application includes at least one sample well for providing a selected chemical compound to be diluted, a dilution well for providing a diluent for diluting the chemical compound, a network of channels for carrying the chemical compound and diluent, a first syringe pump for effecting dilution, a second syringe pump, a detector and a plurality of valves for selectively controlling the flow of liquid through the channels. The dilution system may be a multiple-stage dilution system for precisely mixing a plurality of chemical compounds in a diluent. The dilution system allows for accurate calibration to compensate for variations due to manufacturing, thereby providing precise dilution ratios. The dilution system further enables flushing to allow re-use of the system with another chemical compound.

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1. A dilution system for diluting a chemical compound, comprising:a sample well for providing a chemical compound formed on a microfluidic chip; a dilution well for providing a diluent formed on the microfluidic chip; a dilution channel for transmitting the diluent formed on the microfluidic chip; a

1. A dilution system for diluting a chemical compound, comprising:a sample well for providing a chemical compound formed on a microfluidic chip; a dilution well for providing a diluent formed on the microfluidic chip; a dilution channel for transmitting the diluent formed on the microfluidic chip; a sample channel formed on the microfluidic chip for transmitting the chemical compound to the dilution channel to form a diluted chemical compound; and a variable flow valve for varying the flow of diluent through the dilution channel, thereby varying a ratio of the diluent to the chemical compound in the diluted chemical compound. 2. The dilution system of claim 1, further comprising a second dilution channel formed on the microfluidic chip for mixing the diluent with the chemical compound to form the diluted chemical compound.3. The dilution system of claim 2, further comprising a detector for analyzing the diluted chemical compound.4. The dilution system of claim 3, further comprising a detector channel formed on the microfluidic chip for passing the diluted chemical compound to the detector.5. The dilution system of claim 4, further comprising a first on-off valve for selectively blocking flow of the diluted chemical compound to the detector channel.6. The dilution system of claim 5, further comprising a second on-off valve in the second dilution channel, a third on-off valve in the first dilution channel between the sample channel and the second dilution channel for creating an aliquot in the second dilution channel to facilitate mixing of the diluent and the chemical compound.7. The dilution system of claim 6, further comprising a fourth on-off valve for selectively blocking flow from the diluent well.8. The dilution system of claim 1, further comprising a constant flow source for pulling flow from the sample well and the dilution well to perform dilution of the chemical compound.9. The dilution system of claim 1, wherein the ratio is between about one and about ten.10. The dilution system of claim 1, wherein the variable flow valve comprises:an aperture formed in a side wall of the channel; a membrane covering the aperture; and an external actuator for deflecting the membrane through the aperture a predetermined amount to vary the resistance of the channel to flow, comprising a base and a cylindrical head for contacting the membrane. 11. A dilution system for diluting a plurality of chemical compounds, comprising:a first dilution cell formed on a microfluidic chip, the first dilution cell comprising a first sample well for providing a first chemical compound, a first dilution well for providing a first diluent, a first dilution channel for transmitting the first diluent, a first sample channel for transmitting the first chemical compound to the first dilution channel to form a first diluted chemical compound, and a first variable flow valve for varying the flow of diluent through the dilution channel; a second dilution cell formed on a microfluidic chip, the second dilution cell comprising a second dilution channel for receiving the first diluted chemical compound, a second sample well for providing a second chemical compound, a second sample channel for transmitting the second chemical compound to the second dilution channel to mix the second chemical compound with the diluted first chemical compound to form a diluted mix, and a second variable flow valve for regulating the flow of the second chemical compound; and a bi-stable valve for selectively blocking flow between the first dilution cell and the second dilution module cell. 12. The dilution system of claim 11, further comprising a detector for analyzing one of the first diluted chemical compound and the diluted mix.13. The dilution system of claim 11, further comprising a detector channel for passing the diluted first chemical compound from the first dilution cell to the second dilution cell.14. The dilution system of claim 13, wherein the detector channel transmits the diluted mix to a detector.15. The dilution system of claim 11, further comprising a constant flow source for pulling flow from the first sample well and the first dilution well to perform dilution of the first chemical compound.