[미국특허]
Power cycle and system for utilizing moderate and low temperature heat sources
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
F01K-007/34
F01K-025/06
출원번호
US-0770845
(2004-02-03)
발명자
/ 주소
Kalina, Alexander I.
출원인 / 주소
Kalex, LLC
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
49인용 특허 :
26
초록▼
A new thermodynamic cycle is disclosed for converting energy from a low temperature stream, external source into useable energy using a working fluid comprising of a mixture of a low boiling component and a higher boiling component and including a higher pressure circuit and a lower pressure circuit
A new thermodynamic cycle is disclosed for converting energy from a low temperature stream, external source into useable energy using a working fluid comprising of a mixture of a low boiling component and a higher boiling component and including a higher pressure circuit and a lower pressure circuit. The cycle is designed to improve the efficiency of the energy extraction process by recirculating a portion of a liquid stream prior to further cooling. The new thermodynamic processes and systems for accomplishing these improved efficiencies are especially well-suited for streams from low-temperature geothermal sources.
대표청구항▼
1. A method for implementing a thermodynamic cycle comprising the steps of:transforming thermal energy from a fully vaporized boiling stream into a usable energy form to produce a lower pressure, spent stream; transferring thermal energy from an external heat source stream to a boiling stream to for
1. A method for implementing a thermodynamic cycle comprising the steps of:transforming thermal energy from a fully vaporized boiling stream into a usable energy form to produce a lower pressure, spent stream; transferring thermal energy from an external heat source stream to a boiling stream to form the fully vaporized boiling stream and a cooled external heat source stream; transferring thermal energy from the spent stream to a first portion of a heated higher pressure, basic working fluid stream to form a partially condensed spent stream and a first pre-heated, higher pressure, basic working fluid stream; transferring thermal energy from the cooled external heat source stream to a second portion of the heated higher pressure, basic working fluid stream to form a second pre-heated, higher pressure, basic working fluid stream and a spent external heat source stream; combining the first and second pre-heated, higher pressure basic working fluid streams to form a combined pre-heated, higher pressure basic working fluid stream; separating the partially condensed spent stream into a separated vapor stream and a separated liquid stream; pressurizing a first portion of the separated liquid stream to a pressure equal to a pressure of the combined pre-heated, higher pressure basic working fluid stream to form a pressurized liquid stream; combining the pressurized liquid stream with the combined pre-heated, higher pressure basic working fluid stream to form the boiling stream; combining a second portion of the separated liquid stream with the separated vapor stream to from a lower pressure, basic working fluid stream; transferring thermal energy from the lower pressure, basic working fluid stream to a higher pressure, basic working fluid stream to form the heated, higher pressure, basic working fluid stream and a cooled, lower pressure, basic working fluid stream; transferring thermal energy cooled, lower pressure, basic working fluid stream to an external coolant stream to from a spent coolant stream and a fully condensed, lower pressure, basic working fluid stream; and pressurizing the fully condensed, lower pressure, basic working fluid stream to the higher pressure, basic working fluid stream. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the external heat source stream is a geothermal stream.3. A method for implementing a thermodynamic cycle comprising the steps of:transforming thermal energy from a fully vaporized basic working fluid stream into a usable energy form to produce a lower pressure, spent stream; combining the spent stream with a depressurized liquid stream to form a lower pressure mixed stream, transferring thermal energy from the lower pressure mixed stream to a first portion of a pre heated higher pressure, basic working fluid stream to form a cooled mixed lower pressure stream and a first heated, higher pressure, basic working fluid stream; separating the cooled mixed lower pressure stream into a separated lower pressure vapor stream and a separated lower pressure liquid stream; mixing a first portion of the separated liquid stream with the separated vapor stream to form a second mixed lower pressure stream, transferring thermal energy from the second mixed lower pressure stream to a higher pressure, basic working fluid stream to form a pre-heated higher pressure, basic working fluid stream and a cooled second mixed lower pressure stream, condensing the cooled second mixed lower pressure stream with an external cooling stream to form a fully condensed lower pressure basic working fluid stream, pressuring the fully condensed lower pressure basic working fluid stream to form a higher pressure basic working fluid stream, transferring thermal energy from a thrice cooled external heat source stream to a second portion of the pre-heated higher pressure basic working fluid stream to form a second heated higher pressure basic working fluid stream and a spent external heat source stream, combining the first and second heated higher pressure, basic working fluid streams to form a combined heated, higher pressure, basic working fluid stream; transferring thermal energy from a twice cooled external heat source stream to the combined heated, higher pressure basic working fluid streams to form a hotter higher pressure basic working fluid stream and the thrice cooled external heat source stream; combining a higher pressure separated vapor stream with the hotter higher pressure basic working fluid stream to form a mixed higher pressure stream; transferring thermal energy from a once cooled external heat source stream to the mixed higher pressure stream to form the twice cooled external stream and a partially vaporized higher pressure stream, separating the partially vaporized higher pressure stream into a second separated vapor higher pressure stream and a second separated higher pressure liquid stream; transferring thermal energy from an external heat source stream to the second separated vapor higher pressure stream to form the once cooled external heat source stream and the fully vaporized basic working fluid, reducing the pressure of the second separated higher pressure liquid stream to form a reduced pressure mixed stream; separating the reduced pressure mixed stream into the first separated vapor stream and a first reduced pressure separated liquid stream, and reducing the pressure of the reduced pressure separated liquid stream into the lower pressure liquid stream. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the external heat source stream is a geothermal stream.5. A method for implementing a two cycle thermodynamic system comprising the steps of:combining a first compositional stream with a second compositional stream having a recirculating composition to form a combined stream; heating the combined stream to form a mixed combine stream with an external heat source stream; separating the mixed combined stream into a vapor combined stream and a liquid stream; fully vaporizing the vapor combined stream to form a fully vaporized stream with the external heat source stream; expanding and transforming thermal energy from the fully vaporized stream into a usable energy form to produce a spent stream, cooling and separating the spent stream into a first compositional precursor stream and a second compositional precursor stream; condensing the first compositional precursor stream; forming the first compositional stream from the first compositional precursor stream and an enriched stream having a lower concentration of a low-boiling component; and forming the second compositional stream from the second compositional precursor stream and two lean vapor stream having a higher concentration of the low-boiling component. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the external heat source stream is a geothermal stream.7. The method of claim 5, wherein the streams comprise multi-component fluids including the low-boiling component and a high-boiling component.8. The method of claim 5, wherein the streams comprise an ammonia-water mixture, a mixture of two or more hydrocarbons, a mixture of two or more freons, or a mixture of hydrocarbons and freons, where the mixtures includes the low-boiling component and a high-boiling component.9. The method of claim 5, wherein the low-boiling component is ammonia and a high-boiling component is water.
Kalina Alexander I. (12214 Clear Fork Houston TX 77077), Method and apparatus for implementing a thermodynamic cycle using a fluid of changing concentration.
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