최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
NTIS 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
DataON 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
Edison 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
Kafe 바로가기국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 | US-0881397 (2004-06-30) |
발명자 / 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 7 인용 특허 : 121 |
A shoe including a plate capable of being deflected in a direction substantially perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe, an arch bridge integral with the plate, and a rear sole having a bottom surface with a ground-engaging portion.
1. A shoe comprising:a bottom;a major longitudinal axis;an upper including an arch region and a heel region;a sole including a rear sole, the rear sole being below at least a portion of the heel region of the upper, the rear sole including a forward portion and an opposite rearward portion, the rear
1. A shoe comprising:a bottom;a major longitudinal axis;an upper including an arch region and a heel region;a sole including a rear sole, the rear sole being below at least a portion of the heel region of the upper, the rear sole including a forward portion and an opposite rearward portion, the rear sole having a bottom surface having a perimeter, the bottom surface having a ground-engaging portion, the ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface including at least one substantially planar portion having an outer edge proximate a portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole, the at least one substantially planar portion being located proximate at least one of a medial side of the shoe and a lateral side of the shoe, the ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface including at least one portion non-planar with the at least one substantially planar portion, the at least one non-planar portion positioned proximate the perimeter of the bottom surface and inclined upwardly in a direction toward the perimeter of the bottom surface from another portion of the bottom surface, the at least one non-planar portion having an outer edge proximate a portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface and proximate the rearward portion of the rear sole, the portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole to which the outer edge of the at least one substantially planar portion is proximate and the portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole to which the outer edge of the at least one non-planar portion is proximate each having the shape of an arc of a circle, the circle having a diameter no greater than the maximum width of the bottom surface of the rear sole as measured on a line generally perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe from a point on the medial side of the shoe to a point on the lateral side of the shoe;a plate having an upper surface, a lower surface, an interior portion and peripheral portions and positioned between at least a portion of the outsole of the rear sole and at least a portion of the heel region of the upper, at least one of the peripheral portions of the plate being proximate at least one of the medial side of the shoe, the lateral side of the shoe and a rear of the shoe, the interior portion of the plate being positioned over a void and exposed to the void, at least a portion of the plate capable of being deflected in a direction substantially perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe;at least one opening in the shoe, the opening being in air communication with the void to expose the interior portion of the plate from outside the shoe through the opening and the void; andan arch bridge integral with the plate extending from a position proximate a forward portion of the plate, forward beneath at least a portion of the arch region of the upper.2. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the rear sole includes a second portion non-planar with the at least one substantially planar portion, the second non-planar portion being positioned proximate the perimeter of the rear sole and separated from another of the at least one non-planar portions by other portions of the bottom surface of the rear sole, the second non-planar portion being inclined upwardly from another portion of the bottom surface of the rear sole in a direction toward the perimeter of the rear sole, at least a portion of the second non-planar portion being proximate the forward portion of the rear sole.3. The shoe of claim 1, further including at least one wall proximate at least a portion of the peripheral portions of the plate and extending in an upwardly direction from the plate, the at least one wall being made of the same material as the plate and being integral with the plate.4. The shoe of claim 3, wherein the at least one wall integral with the plate is visible from at least one of the medial side of the shoe, the lateral side of the shoe, and the rear of the shoe.5. The shoe of claim 3, further including at least one wall integral with the arch bridge proximate at least one of the medial side of the shoe and the lateral side of the shoe and extending in an upwardly direction from the arch bridge, the at least one wall of the arch bridge being made of the same material as the plate and being visible at least in part from outside the shoe.6. The shoe of claim 5, wherein the at least one upwardly extending wall of the arch bridge is integral with the at least one upwardly extending wall of the plate.7. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the arch bridge has a lower surface that is at least in part visible from outside the shoe.8. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the arch bridge has a lower surface that is at least in part visible from the bottom of the shoe.9. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the shoe has an elevated portion extending from the medial side of the shoe to the lateral side of the shoe below at least a portion of the arch region of the upper that is non-ground-engaging.10. The shoe of claim 9, wherein the elevated portion extends below at least a substantial portion of the arch region of the upper.11. The shoe of claim 9, wherein the elevated portion extends below substantially the entire arch region of the upper.12. The shoe of claim 9, wherein at least a forward portion of the elevated portion proximate the medial side of the shoe is inclined upwardly in a direction toward the rear of the shoe.13. The shoe of claim 9, wherein at least a rearward portion of the elevated portion proximate the medial side of the shoe is inclined upwardly in a direction toward a front of the shoe.14. The shoe of claim 9, wherein the rear sole includes a ground-engaging portion formed of a first material, at least a portion of the elevated portion of the bottom below the arch region being formed of a second material different from the first material.15. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the arch bridge has a lower surface that is at least in part visible from outside the shoe, the lower surface of a peripheral region of the arch bridge along the lateral side of the shoe being approximately planar with the lower surface of the plate for at least a substantial portion of the full extension of the arch bridge as measured along an axis that is parallel with the major longitudinal axis of the shoe.16. The shoe of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the outer edge of the at least one substantially planar portion has the shape of an arc of a circle and at least a portion of the outer edge of the at least one non-planar portion has the shape of an arc of a circle, the circle defined by each of the arcs having a diameter no greater than the maximum width of the bottom surface of the rear sole as measured on a line generally perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe from a point on the medial side of the shoe to a point on the lateral side of the shoe.17. The shoe of claim 1, wherein each of the circles defined by each of the arcs has a radius, the radius of each of the circles being substantially the same.18. The shoe of claim 16, wherein each of the circles defined by each of the arcs has a radius, the radius of each of the circles being substantially the same.19. The shoe of claim 16, wherein each of the circles defined by each of the arcs of the portions of the perimeter of the bottom surface and the portions of the outer edges of the at least one substantially planar portion and the at least one non-planar portion has a radius, the radius of each of the circles being substantially the same.20. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the rear sole includes a vertical central axis passing though the bottom of the shoe and the heel region of the upper, the vertical central axis of the rear sole being generally perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe, the bottom surface of the rear sole having a center point located along the vertical central axis of the rear sole, the circle defined by each of the arcs having a center point located a distance away from the center point of the bottom surface, the distances being substantially equal.21. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the interior portion of the plate is capable of being deflected relative to at least a portion of the peripheral portions of the plate in a direction substantially perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe.22. The shoe of claim 1, wherein one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the medial side of the shoe and one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the lateral side of the shoe.23. The shoe of claim 1, wherein one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the medial side of the shoe, one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the lateral side of the shoe and one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the rear of the shoe.24. The shoe of claim 23, wherein the major longitudinal axis intersects the rear of the shoe at a point, the portion of the peripheral portions proximate the rear of the shoe being proximate the point.25. The shoe of claim 23, wherein the plate portion proximate the medial side of the shoe and the plate portion proximate the lateral side of the shoe each contact a portion of a wall, each of the wall portions extending in at least one of an upwardly and a downwardly direction from the plate, the wall portion contacted by the plate portion proximate the medial side of the shoe being located on the medial side of the shoe and being exposed to and visible from the medial side of the shoe, the wall portion contacted by the plate portion proximate the lateral side of the shoe being located on the lateral side of the shoe and being exposed to and visible from the lateral side of the shoe, the plate and the wall portions each being made of a plastic material.26. The shoe of claim 25, wherein the wall portions are integrally formed with the plate.27. The shoe of claim 25, wherein the plate portion proximate the rear of the shoe contacts a portion of a wall, the wall portion contacted by the plate portion proximate the rear of the shoe extending in at least one of an upwardly and a downwardly direction from the plate and being exposed to and visible from the rear of the shoe, the plate and the wall portion each being made of a plastic material.28. The shoe of claim 27, wherein the wall portions are integrally formed with the plate and with each other.29. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the interior portion of the plate is positioned at least in part beneath the calcaneus of the wearer of the shoe.30. The shoe of claim 29, wherein the interior portion of the plate that is positioned at least in part beneath the calcaneus of the wearer is positioned at least in part beneath the approximate center of the calcaneus of the wearer of the shoe.31. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the plate extends under at least a majority of the area occupied by the heel region.32. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the plate extends under at least two-thirds of the area occupied by the heel region.33. The shoe of claim 32, wherein the plate extends under substantially the entire area occupied by the heel region.34. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the plate extends under substantially the entire area occupied by the heel region.35. The shoe of claim 26, wherein the plate extends under substantially the entire area occupied by the heel region.36. The shoe of claim 28, wherein the plate extends under substantially the entire area occupied by the heel region.37. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the rear sole includes a vertical central axis passing through the bottom of the shoe and the heel region of the upper, the vertical central axis of the rear sole being generally perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe and being completely surrounded by at least a portion of the plate.38. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the rear sole has a width from the medial side of the shoe to the lateral side of the shoe, the plate forming a support bridge across the width of the rear sole from a point proximate the medial side of the shoe to a point proximate the lateral side of the shoe.39. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the interior portion of the plate is supported by a portion of the medial side of the shoe and a portion of the lateral side of the shoe.40. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the rear sole has a width from the medial side of the shoe to the lateral side of the shoe, the plate being adapted to support laterally the heel of a wearer across the entire width of the rear sole.41. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the shoe includes a ground-engaging portion, at least a portion of the plate being visible from the bottom of the shoe between at least two portions of the ground engaging portion of the bottom of the shoe.42. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the upper includes an open interior, further including at least one opening extending from the bottom of the shoe into the sole and being in air communication with the open interior of the upper.43. The shoe of claim 1, further including a substantially air-tight enclosure located at least in part between a portion of the upper and a portion of the bottom of the shoe, the air-tight enclosure having a top, a bottom and a vertical central axis passing through the top and the bottom of the air-tight enclosure.44. The shoe of claim 43, wherein the air-tight enclosure is an inflated cushion.45. The shoe of claim 44, wherein the sole includes a forward sole, the inflated cushion being located in the forward sole.46. The shoe of claim 44, wherein the inflated cushion includes a bladder.47. The shoe of claim 46, wherein the bladder is an air bladder.48. The shoe of claim 43, wherein a portion of the air-tight enclosure is at least in part curved.49. The shoe of claim 48, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is curved in a direction substantially perpendicular to the vertical central axis.50. The shoe of claim 48, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is curved in a direction substantially parallel with the vertical central axis.51. The shoe of claim 48, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is curved in a direction substantially parallel with the vertical central axis and in a direction substantially perpendicular to the vertical central axis.52. The shoe of claim 48, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is arcuate in shape in a direction substantially perpendicular to the vertical central axis.53. The shoe of claim 48, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is arcuate in shape in a direction substantially parallel with the vertical central axis.54. The shoe of claim 48, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is arcuate in shape in a direction substantially parallel with the vertical central axis and in a direction substantially perpendicular to the vertical central axis.55. The shoe of claim 43, wherein the air-tight enclosure is spaced apart from the plate during the entire gait cycle of the wearer.56. The shoe of claim 43, wherein at least a portion of the top of the air-tight enclosure is in contact with a portion of the shoe.57. The shoe of claim 43, wherein at least one of the top and the bottom of the air-tight enclosure has a portion that is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.58. The shoe of claim 43, wherein each of the top and the bottom of the air-tight enclosure has a portion that is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.59. The shoe of claim 43, wherein at least a portion of the bottom of the air-tight enclosure is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.60. The shoe of claim 43, wherein at least a portion of the top of the air-tight enclosure is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.61. The shoe of claim 43, wherein each of the upper and the rear sole includes a peripheral region, the air-tight enclosure being located at least in part between a portion of the peripheral region of the upper and a portion of the peripheral region of the rear sole.62. A shoe comprising:a bottom;a major longitudinal axis;an upper including an arch region and a heel region;a sole including a rear sole, the rear sole being below at least a portion of the heel region of the upper, the rear sole including a forward portion and an opposite rearward portion, the rear sole having a bottom surface having a perimeter, the bottom surface having a ground-engaging portion, the ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface including at least two substantially planar portions being generally in the same plane, each of the planar portions having an outer edge proximate a portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole, at least one of the at least two substantially planar portions being located proximate a medial side of the shoe and at least one of the at least two substantially planar portions being located proximate a lateral side of the shoe, the ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface including at least one portion non-planar with the at least two substantially planar portions, the at least one non-planar portion positioned proximate the perimeter of the bottom surface and inclined upwardly in a direction toward the perimeter of the bottom surface from another portion of the bottom surface, the at least one non-planar portion having an outer edge proximate a portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface and proximate the rearward portion of the rear sole, each of the portions of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole to which the outer edge of each of the at least two substantially planar portions is proximate and the portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole to which the outer edge of the at least one non-planar portion is proximate having the shape of an arc of a circle, the circle having a diameter no greater than the maximum width of the bottom surface of the rear sole as measured on a line generally perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe from a point on the medial side of the shoe to a point on the lateral side of the shoe;a plate having an upper surface, a lower surface, an interior portion and peripheral portions and positioned between at least a portion of the outsole of the rear sole and at least a portion of the heel region of the upper, at least one of the peripheral portions of the plate being proximate at least one of the medial side of the shoe, the lateral side of the shoe and a rear of the shoe, the interior portion of the plate being positioned over a void and exposed to the void, at least a portion of the plate capable of being deflected in a direction substantially perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe;at least one opening in the shoe, the opening being in air communication with the void to expose the interior portion of the plate from outside the shoe through the opening and the void; andan arch bridge integral with the plate extending from a position proximate a forward portion of the plate, forward beneath at least a portion of the arch region of the upper.63. The shoe of claim 62, further including at least one wall proximate at least a portion of the peripheral portions of the plate and extending in an upwardly direction from the plate, the at least one wall being made of the same material as the plate and being integral with the plate.64. The shoe of claim 63, wherein the at least one wall integral with the plate is visible from at least one of the medial side of the shoe, the lateral side of the shoe, and the rear of the shoe.65. The shoe of claim 63, further including at least one wall integral with the arch bridge proximate at least one of the medial side of the shoe and the lateral side of the shoe and extending in an upwardly direction from the arch bridge, the at least one wall of the arch bridge being made of the same material as the plate and being visible at least in part from outside the shoe.66. The shoe of claim 65, wherein the at least one upwardly extending wall of the arch bridge is integral with the at least one upwardly extending wall of the plate.67. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the arch bridge has a lower surface that is at least in part visible from outside the shoe.68. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the arch bridge has a lower surface that is at least in part visible from the bottom of the shoe.69. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the bottom of the shoe has an elevated portion extending from the medial side of the shoe to the lateral side of the shoe below at least a portion of the arch region of the upper that is non-ground-engaging.70. The shoe of claim 69, wherein the elevated portion extends below at least a substantial portion of the arch region of the upper.71. The shoe of claim 69, wherein the elevated portion extends below substantially the entire arch region of the upper.72. The shoe of claim 69, wherein at least a forward portion of the elevated portion proximate the medial side of the shoe is inclined upwardly in a direction toward the rear of the shoe.73. The shoe of claim 69, wherein at least a rearward portion of the elevated portion proximate the medial side of the shoe is inclined upwardly in a direction toward a front of the shoe.74. The shoe of claim 69, wherein the rear sole includes a ground-engaging portion formed of a first material, at least a portion of the elevated portion of the bottom below the arch region being formed of a second material different from the first material.75. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the arch bridge has a lower surface that is at least in part visible from outside the shoe, the lower surface of a peripheral region of the arch bridge along the lateral side of the shoe being approximately planar with the lower surface of the plate for at least a substantial portion of the full extension of the arch bridge as measured along an axis that is parallel with the major longitudinal axis of the shoe.76. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole proximate the outer edge of the at least one substantially planar portion located proximate the medial side of the shoe and the portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole proximate the outer edge of the at least one substantially planar portion located proximate the lateral side of the shoe each have the shape of an arc defining a circle with substantially the same diameter.77. The shoe of claim 76, wherein the rear sole includes a vertical central axis passing through the bottom of the shoe and the heel region of the upper, the vertical central axis of the rear sole being generally perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe, the bottom surface of the rear sole having a center point located along the vertical central axis of the rear sole, the circle defined by each of the arcs having a center point located a distance away from the center point of the bottom surface, the distances being substantially equal.78. The shoe of claim 62, wherein at least a portion of the outer edge of the at least one substantially planar portion located proximate the medial side of the shoe and at least a portion of the outer edge of the at least one substantially planar portion located proximate the lateral side of the shoe each have the shape of an arc defining a circle with substantially the same diameter.79. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole proximate the outer edge of at least one of the substantially planar portions and the portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole proximate the outer edge of the at least one non-planar portion each have the shape of an arc defining a circle with substantially the same diameter.80. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the portions of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole proximate the outer edges of at least two of the substantially planar portions and the portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface of the rear sole proximate the outer edge of the at least one non-planar portion each have the shape of an arc defining a circle with substantially the same diameter.81. The shoe of claim 62, wherein at least a portion of the outer edge of at least one of the substantially planar portions and at least a portion of the outer edge of the at least one non-planar portion each have the shape of an arc defining a circle with substantially the same diameter.82. The shoe of claim 62, wherein at least a portion of the outer edge of at least two of the substantially planar portions and at least a portion of the outer edge of the at least one non-planar portion each have the shape of an arc defining a circle with substantially the same diameter.83. The shoe of claim 62, further including at least a third substantially planar portion.84. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the interior portion of the plate is capable of being deflected relative to at least a portion of the peripheral portions of the plate in a direction substantially perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe.85. The shoe of claim 62, wherein one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the medial side of the shoe and one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the lateral side of the shoe.86. The shoe of claim 62, wherein one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the medial side of the shoe, one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the lateral side of the shoe and one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the rear of the shoe.87. The shoe of claim 86, wherein the major longitudinal axis intersects the rear of the shoe at a point, the portion of the peripheral portions proximate the rear of the shoe being proximate the point.88. The shoe of claim 86, wherein the plate portion proximate the medial side of the shoe and the plate portion proximate the lateral side of the shoe each contact a portion of a wall, each of the wall portions extending in at least one of an upwardly and a downwardly direction from the plate, the wall portion contacted by the plate portion proximate the medial side of the shoe being located on the medial side of the shoe and being exposed to and visible from the medial side of the shoe, the wall portion contacted by the plate portion proximate the lateral side of the shoe being located on the lateral side of the shoe and being exposed to and visible from the lateral side of the shoe, the plate and the wall portions each being made of a plastic material.89. The shoe of claim 88, wherein the wall portions are integrally formed with the plate.90. The shoe of claim 88, wherein the plate portion proximate the rear of the shoe contacts a portion of a wall, the wall portion contacted by the plate portion proximate the rear of the shoe extending in at least one of an upwardly and a downwardly direction from the plate and being exposed to and visible from the rear of the shoe, the plate and the wall portion each being made of a plastic material.91. The shoe of claim 90, wherein the wall portions are integrally formed with the plate and with each other.92. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the interior portion of the plate is positioned at least in part beneath the calcaneus of the wearer of the shoe.93. The shoe of claim 92, wherein the interior portion of the plate that is positioned at least in part beneath the calcaneus of the wearer is positioned at least in part beneath the approximate center of the calcaneus of the wearer of the shoe.94. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the plate extends under at least a majority of the area occupied by the heel region.95. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the plate extends under at least two-thirds of the area occupied by the heel region.96. The shoe of claim 95, wherein the plate extends under substantially the entire area occupied by the heel region.97. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the plate extends under substantially the entire area occupied by the heel region.98. The shoe of claim 89, wherein the plate extends under substantially the entire area occupied by the heel region.99. The shoe of claim 91, wherein the plate extends under substantially the entire area occupied by the heel region.100. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the rear sole includes a vertical central axis passing through the bottom of the shoe and the heel region of the upper, the vertical central axis of the rear sole being generally perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe and being completely surrounded by at least a portion of the plate.101. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the rear sole has a width from the medial side of the shoe to the lateral side of the shoe, the plate forming a support bridge across the width of the rear sole from a point proximate the medial side of the shoe to a point proximate the lateral side of the shoe.102. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the interior portion of the plate is supported by a portion of the medial side of the shoe and a portion of the lateral side of the shoe.103. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the rear sole has a width from the medial side of the shoe to the lateral side of the shoe, the plate being adapted to support laterally the heel of a wearer across the entire width of the rear sole.104. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the bottom of the shoe includes a ground-engaging portion, at least a portion of the plate being visible from the bottom of the shoe between at least two portions of the ground engaging portion of the bottom of the shoe.105. The shoe of claim 62, wherein the upper includes an open interior, further including at least one opening extending from the bottom of the shoe into the sole and being in air communication with the open interior of the upper.106. The shoe of claim 62, further including a substantially air-tight enclosure located at least in part between a portion of the upper and a portion of the bottom of the shoe, the air-tight enclosure having a top, a bottom and a vertical central axis passing through the top and the bottom of the air-tight enclosure.107. The shoe of claim 106, wherein the air-tight enclosure is an inflated cushion.108. The shoe of claim 107, wherein the sole includes a forward sole, the inflated cushion being located in the forward sole.109. The shoe of claim 107, wherein the inflated cushion includes a bladder.110. The shoe of claim 109, wherein the bladder is an air bladder.111. The shoe of claim 106, wherein a portion of the air-tight enclosure is at least in part curved.112. The shoe of claim 111, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is curved in a direction substantially perpendicular to the vertical central axis.113. The shoe of claim 111, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is curved in a direction substantially parallel with the vertical central axis.114. The shoe of claim 111, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is curved in a direction substantially parallel with the vertical central axis and in a direction substantially perpendicular to the vertical central axis.115. The shoe of claim 111, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is arcuate in shape in a direction substantially perpendicular to the vertical central axis.116. The shoe of claim 111, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is arcuate in shape in a direction substantially parallel with the vertical central axis.117. The shoe of claim 111, wherein the at least in part curved portion of the air-tight enclosure is arcuate in shape in a direction substantially parallel with the vertical central axis and in a direction substantially perpendicular to the vertical central axis.118. The shoe of claim 106, wherein the air-tight enclosure is spaced apart from the plate during the entire gait cycle of the wearer.119. The shoe of claim 106, wherein at least a portion of the top of the air-tight enclosure is in contact with a portion of the shoe.120. The shoe of claim 106, wherein at least one of the top and the bottom of the air-tight enclosure has a portion that is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.121. The shoe of claim 106, wherein each of the top and the bottom of the air-tight enclosure has a portion that is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.122. The shoe of claim 106, wherein at least a portion of the bottom of the air-tight enclosure is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.123. The shoe of claim 106, wherein at least a portion of the top of the air-tight enclosure is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.124. The shoe of claim 106, wherein each of the upper and the rear sole includes a peripheral region, the air-tight enclosure being located at least in part between a portion of the peripheral region of the upper and a portion of the peripheral region of the rear sole.125. A shoe comprising:a bottom;a major longitudinal axis;an upper having an arch region and a heel region;a rear sole below at least a portion of the heel region of the upper, the rear sole having a bottom surface having a perimeter, the bottom surface formed of a first material at least a portion of which is ground-engaging, the bottom surface of the rear sole being oriented at least in part beneath at least a portion of the heel region of the upper, the ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface including at least two substantially planar portions generally in the same plane, the at least two planar portions having an outer edge proximate at least a portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface, the ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface including at least three portions non-planar with the at least two substantially planar portions, each of the at least three non-planar portions being spaced apart from one another, the at least three non-planar portions having an outer edge proximate at least a portion of the perimeter of the bottom surface, each of the at least two substantially planar portions being located at least in part between two of the at least three non-planar portions as measured in a vertical plane;a plate having an upper surface, a lower surface, an interior portion and peripheral portions and positioned between at least a portion of the outsole of the rear sole and at least a portion of the heel region of the upper, at least one of the peripheral portions of the plate being proximate at least one of a medial side of the shoe, a lateral side of the shoe and a rear of the shoe, the interior portion of the plate being positioned over a void and exposed to the void, at least a portion of the plate capable of being deflected in a direction substantially perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe;at least one opening in the shoe, the opening being in air communication with the void to expose the interior portion of the plate from outside the shoe through the opening and the void; andan arch bridge integral with the plate extending from a position proximate a forward portion of the plate, forward beneath at least a portion of the arch region of the upper.126. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the plate extends under at least a majority of the area occupied by the heel region.127. The shoe of claim 125, wherein one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the medial side of the shoe and one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the lateral side of the shoe.128. The shoe of claim 125, wherein one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the medial side of the shoe, one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the lateral side of the shoe and one of the peripheral portions of the plate is proximate the rear of the shoe.129. The shoe of claim 128, wherein the major longitudinal axis intersects the rear of the shoe at a point, the portion of the peripheral portions proximate the rear of the shoe being proximate the point.130. The shoe of claim 128, wherein the plate portion proximate the medial side of the shoe and the plate portion proximate the lateral side of the shoe each contact a portion of a wall, each of the wall portions extending in at least one of an upwardly and a downwardly direction from the plate, the wall portion contacted by the plate portion proximate the medial side of the shoe being located on the medial side of the shoe and being exposed to and visible from the medial side of the shoe, the wall portion contacted by the plate portion proximate the lateral side of the shoe being located on the lateral side of the shoe and being exposed to and visible from the lateral side of the shoe, the plate and the wall portions each being made of a plastic material.131. The shoe of claim 130, wherein the wall portions are integrally formed with the plate.132. The shoe of claim 130, wherein the plate portion proximate the rear of the shoe contacts a portion of a wall made of the same material as the plate, the wall portion contacted by the plate portion proximate the rear of the shoe extending in at least one of an upwardly and a downwardly direction from the plate and being exposed to and visible from the rear of the shoe, the plate and the wall portion each being made of a plastic material.133. The shoe of claim 132, wherein the wall portions are integrally formed with the plate and with each other.134. The shoe of claim 125, further including a substantially air-tight enclosure, the air-tight enclosure having a top, a bottom, a vertical central axis passing through the top and the bottom of the air-tight enclosure and at least one sidewall having an exterior surface and an interior surface, the air-tight enclosure being located between at least a portion of the sole and at least a portion of the upper.135. The shoe of claim 134, wherein at least a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one sidewall is visible from at least one of the medial side of the shoe, the lateral side of the shoe and the rear of the shoe.136. The shoe of claim 134, wherein the air-tight enclosure has a single interior chamber defined at least in part by the interior surface of the at least one sidewall, the interior chamber having a height parallel with the vertical central axis of the air-tight enclosure and a transverse cross-sectional dimension in a plane generally perpendicular to the vertical central axis of the air-tight enclosure, the interior chamber being the only chamber any portion of which is located on any line between at least a portion of the bottom of the shoe and at least a portion of the upper that is generally parallel with the vertical central axis and passes through any portion of the interior chamber, the vertical central axis of the air-tight enclosure being spaced apart from the vertical central axis of any other air-tight enclosure.137. The shoe of claim 136, wherein the interior chamber has a top portion, a bottom portion, and a middle portion connecting the top and bottom portions, the transverse cross-sectional dimension of the interior chamber being variable in the middle portion.138. The shoe of claim 137, wherein the top and bottom portions of the interior chamber are each approximately one-fourth the height of the interior chamber and the middle portion is approximately one-half the height of the interior chamber.139. The shoe of claim 137, wherein the top and bottom portions of the interior chamber are each approximately one-third the height of the interior chamber and the middle portion is approximately one-third the height of the interior chamber.140. The shoe of claim 136, wherein the interior chamber has a top portion and a bottom portion, the transverse cross-sectional dimension of the interior chamber being variable along at least a portion of the height of the interior chamber.141. The shoe of claim 134, wherein the air-tight enclosure includes at least a second sidewall having an exterior surface and an interior surface, the interior surface of one of the at least two sidewalls being oriented generally in a direction toward the interior surface of another of the at least two sidewalls, the at least two sidewalls forming an interior chamber, the interior chamber having a height parallel with the vertical central axis of the air-tight enclosure and a transverse cross-sectional dimension in a plane generally perpendicular to the vertical central axis of the air-tight enclosure and between the interior surfaces of the at least two sidewalls that is variable along at least a portion of the height of the interior chamber.142. The shoe of claim 141, wherein the interior chamber has a top portion, a bottom portion, and a middle portion connecting the top and bottom portions, the transverse cross-sectional dimension of the interior chamber being variable in the middle portion.143. The shoe of claim 142, wherein the top and bottom portions of the interior chamber are each approximately one-fourth the height of the interior chamber and the middle portion is approximately one-half the height of the interior chamber.144. The shoe of claim 142, wherein the top and bottom portions of the interior chamber are each approximately one-third the height of the interior chamber and the middle portion is approximately one-third the height of the interior chamber.145. The shoe of claim 141, wherein the interior chamber has a top portion and a bottom portion, the transverse cross-sectional dimension of the interior chamber being variable along at least a portion of the height of the interior chamber.146. The shoe of claim 134, wherein at least one of the top and the bottom of the air-tight enclosure has a portion that is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.147. The shoe of claim 134, wherein each of the top and the bottom of the air-tight enclosure has a portion that is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.148. The shoe of claim 134, wherein at least a portion of the bottom of the air-tight enclosure is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.149. The shoe of claim 134, wherein at least a portion of the top of the air-tight enclosure is generally flat and perpendicular to the vertical central axis.150. The shoe of claim 134, wherein the top of the air-tight enclosure forms an opening centered at the vertical central axis of the air-tight enclosure and in communication with the plate.151. The shoe of claim 134, wherein the top of the air-tight enclosure has a perimeter around the vertical central axis of the air-tight enclosure, at least a portion of the perimeter being substantially flat and in a plane generally perpendicular to the vertical central axis.152. The shoe of claim 134, wherein the bottom of the air-tight enclosure has a perimeter around the vertical central axis of the air-tight enclosure, at least a portion of the perimeter being substantially flat and in a plane generally perpendicular to the vertical central axis.153. The shoe of claim 134, wherein each of the upper and the rear sole includes a peripheral region, the air-tight enclosure being located at least in part between a portion of the peripheral region of the upper and a portion of the peripheral region of the rear sole.154. The shoe of claim 134, wherein the air-tight enclosure has an interior chamber capable of being bisected into a top half and a bottom half, the top half of the interior chamber being substantially symmetrical with the bottom half of the interior chamber.155. The shoe of claim 125, further including at least one wall proximate at least a portion of the peripheral portions of the plate and extending in an upwardly direction from the plate, the at least one wall being made of the same material as the plate and being integral with the plate.156. The shoe of claim 155, wherein the at least one wall integral with the plate is visible from at least one of the medial side of the shoe, the lateral side of the shoe, and the rear of the shoe.157. The shoe of claim 155, further including at least one wall integral with the arch bridge proximate at least one of the medial side of the shoe and the lateral side of the shoe and extending in an upwardly direction from the arch bridge, the at least one wall of the arch bridge being made of the same material as the plate and being visible at least in part from outside the shoe.158. The shoe of claim 157, wherein the at least one upwardly extending wall of the arch bridge is integral with the at least one upwardly extending wall of the plate.159. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the arch bridge has a lower surface that is at least in part visible from outside the shoe.160. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the arch bridge has a lower surface that is at least in part visible from the bottom of the shoe.161. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the bottom of the shoe has an elevated portion extending from the medial side of the shoe to the lateral side of the shoe below at least a portion of the arch region of the upper that is non-ground-engaging.162. The shoe of claim 163, wherein the elevated portion extends below at least a substantial portion of the arch region of the upper.163. The shoe of claim 161, wherein the elevated portion extends below substantially the entire arch region of the upper.164. The shoe of claim 161, wherein at least a forward portion of the elevated portion proximate the medial side of the shoe is inclined upwardly in a direction toward the rear of the shoe.165. The shoe of claim 161, wherein at least a rearward portion of the elevated portion proximate the medial side of the shoe is inclined upwardly in a direction toward a front of the shoe.166. The shoe of claim 161, wherein the elevated portion of the bottom below the arch region is formed of a second material different from the first material of the ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface of the rear sole.167. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the arch bridge has a lower surface that is at least in part visible from outside the shoe, the lower surface of a peripheral region of the arch bridge along the lateral side of the shoe being approximately planar with the lower surface of the plate for at least a substantial portion of the full extension of the arch bridge as measured along an axis that is parallel with the major longitudinal axis of the shoe.168. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the interior portion of the plate is capable of being deflected relative to at least a portion of the peripheral portions of the plate in a direction substantially perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe.169. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the plate extends under at least a majority of the heel region.170. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the plate extends under at least two-thirds of the area occupied by the heel region.171. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the plate extends under substantially the entire heel region.172. The shoe of claim 131, wherein the plate extends under substantially the entire area occupied by the heel region.173. The shoe of claim 133, wherein the plate extends under substantially the entire area occupied by the heel region.174. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the rear sole includes a vertical central axis passing through the bottom of the shoe and the heel region of the upper, the vertical central axis of the rear sole being generally perpendicular to the major longitudinal axis of the shoe and being completely surrounded by at least a portion of the plate.175. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the rear sole has a width from the medial side of the shoe to the lateral side of the shoe, the plate forming a support bridge across the width of the rear sole from a point proximate the medial side of the shoe to a point proximate the lateral side of the shoe.176. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the interior portion of the plate is supported by a portion of the medial side of the shoe and a portion of the lateral side of the shoe.177. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the rear sole has a width from the medial side of the shoe to the lateral side of the shoe, the plate being adapted to support laterally the heel of a wearer across the entire width of the rear sole.178. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the interior portion of the plate is positioned at least in part beneath the calcaneus of the wearer of the shoe.179. The shoe of claim 178, wherein the interior portion of the plate that is positioned at least in part beneath the calcaneus of the wearer is positioned at least in part beneath the approximate center of the calcaneus of the wearer of the shoe.180. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the first material of the ground-engaging portion of the bottom surface of the rear sole includes an outsole material having a layer with a thickness, the layer having an upper surface, a lower surface, a peripheral portion and an interior portion, the interior portion of the layer having an interior sidewall connecting the lower surface with the upper surface, the interior sidewall of the layer being visible from beneath the shoe, at least a portion of the interior sidewall of the layer being located beneath at least a portion of the interior portion of the plate.181. The shoe of claim 180, wherein the plate is visible from beneath the shoe.182. The shoe of claim 181, wherein the plate is formed of a second material different from that of the first material of the bottom surface of the rear sole.183. The shoe of claim 125, wherein at least a portion of the plate is visible from the bottom of the shoe between at least two portions of the ground engaging portion of the bottom surface of the rear sole.184. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the first material of the ground-engaging portion of the rear sole includes an outsole material having a layer with a thickness, the layer having an upper surface, a lower surface, a peripheral portion and an interior portion, the interior portion of the layer having an interior sidewall connecting the lower surface with the upper surface, the interior sidewall being oriented at least in part beneath at least a portion of the calcaneus of the wearer of the shoe and defining at least in part a circle having a center point, a circle having a radius with its origin being the center point passing through the at least three non-planar portions and the at least two substantially planar portions, the circle having an arc that passes through each of the at least three non-planar portions that is larger than an arc that passes through each of the at least two substantially planar portions.185. The shoe of claim 184, wherein the plate is visible from beneath the shoe.186. The shoe of claim 185, wherein the plate is formed of a second material different from that of the first material of the bottom surface of the rear sole.187. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the bottom surface of the rear sole has a center point located beneath the approximate center of the calcaneus of the wearer of the shoe, the bottom surface having a circle with a radius having its origin being the center point of the bottom surface, the circle passing through the at least three non-planar portions and the at least two substantially planar portions, the circle having an arc that passes through each of the at least three non-planar portions that is larger than an arc that passes through each of the at least two substantially planar portions.188. The shoe of claim 125, wherein the upper includes an open interior, further including at least one opening extending upwardly from the bottom of the shoe and being in air communication with the open interior of the upper.189. The shoe of claim 125, further including at least one rib integral with at least a portion of the lower surface of the plate and being visible from outside the shoe.190. The shoe of claim 189, wherein the least one rib includes a plurality of ribs.
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