IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0784261
(2001-02-16)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Pope, LeRoy B.
- Murphy, Michael L.
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
18 인용 특허 :
8 |
초록
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A biomass gasifier apparatus (10) produces low BTU gas from biomass, while removing the char and ash in an efficient manner. A fluidized bed gasifier cell (20) receives biomass fuel from a fuel input system (280). A preferred fluidized bed gasifier cell includes a vertically oriented cylindrical enc
A biomass gasifier apparatus (10) produces low BTU gas from biomass, while removing the char and ash in an efficient manner. A fluidized bed gasifier cell (20) receives biomass fuel from a fuel input system (280). A preferred fluidized bed gasifier cell includes a vertically oriented cylindrical enclosure. A layer of bed material (40), typically having a consistency similar to sand, is carried at the base of the enclosure. A plenum (60) supplies hot compressed gas to a plurality of parallel manifolds (80), each of which support a number of nozzles (100). Gas released by the nozzles fluidizes the bed, catalyzing the process of gasification of the biomass, while a low oxygen environment prevents excessive combustion. A bed change-out system (120) removes waste introduced into the fluidized bed gasifier with the biomass. Gas discharged from an upper portion of the fluidized bed gasifier includes low BTU gas that is the desired output of the system. In a preferred application, this gas is injected into a cyclone (140). An upper portion of the cyclone discharges low BTU gas at high-temperature, for use in a boiler or other application, often along with a fossil fuel.
대표청구항
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1. A biomass gasifier apparatus, comprising:(A) a fuel input system;(B) a fluidized bed gasifier cell, configured to receive fuel from the fuel input system, comprising:(a) bed material, carried at a base of the fluidized bed gasified cell;(b) a fluidizing gas plenum, carried within the fluidized be
1. A biomass gasifier apparatus, comprising:(A) a fuel input system;(B) a fluidized bed gasifier cell, configured to receive fuel from the fuel input system, comprising:(a) bed material, carried at a base of the fluidized bed gasified cell;(b) a fluidizing gas plenum, carried within the fluidized bed gasifier cell;(c) a plurality of manifolds, arranged within the fluidized bed gasifier cell, wherein a space defined between adjacent manifolds is sufficient to allow tramp material to pass downwardly; and(d) a plurality of nozzles, supported by each manifold, wherein gas released by the plurality of nozzles fluidizes the bed material; and(C) wherein the fluidized bed gasifier cell is configured to receive heated gas, and to exhaust a mixture of gases, char and ash from an upper portion of the gasifier cell.2. The biomass gasifier apparatus of claim 1, additionally comprising:(A) a cyclone, having an input in communication with the fluidized bed gasifier cell, for receiving a mixture of gases, char and ash from an upper portion of the fluidized bed gasifier cell, and for separating the mixture into first and second outputs, comprising a first output exhausting a mixture of low BTU gas, and a second output exhausting gas carrying a mixture of ash and char.3. The biomass gasifier apparatus of claim 1, additionally comprising:(A) a bed change-out system, in communication with the fluidized bed gasifier cell, for removing tramp, clinkers and other waste from the bed material.4. The biomass gasifier apparatus of claim 1, additionally comprising:(A) a cyclone, having an input in communication with the fluidized bed gasifier cell, for receiving a mixture of gases, char and ash from an upper portion of the gasifier cell, and for separating the mixture into first and second outputs, comprising a first output exhausting a mixture of low BTU gas, and a second output exhausting gas carrying a mixture of ash and char.5. The biomass gasifier apparatus of claim 4, additionally comprising:(A) a char combustion cell, having an input connected to the second output of the cyclone, oxidizes the char at elevated temperatures.6. The biomass gasifier apparatus of claim 5, additionally comprising:(A) a heat exchanger, having an input connected to an output of the char combustion cell, to receive gas leaving the char combustion cell and to remove heat energy.7. The biomass gasifier apparatus of claim 6, additionally comprising:(A) a gas cleanup unit, having an input connected to an output of the heat exchanger, to receive gases discharged from the char combustion cell that have been cooled by the heat exchanger, to remove ash from the gas and to exhaust cleaned gas through an output.8. The biomass gasifier apparatus of claim 7, wherein the secondary gas clean-up system comprises:(A) a multi-clone unit.9. The biomass gasifier apparatus of claim 7, wherein the secondary gas clean-up system comprises:(A) a cyclone.10. The biomass gasifier apparatus of claim 7 wherein the secondary gas clean-up system comprises:(A) a ceramic filter.11. The biomass gasifier apparatus of claim 7, wherein the secondary gas clean-up system comprises:(A) a baffle device.12. The biomass gasifier apparatus of claim 6, additionally comprising:(A) a fluid bed gasifier fan, having an input connected to the output of the gas cleanup unit, forces a gas mixture of the cleaned gas from the gas cleanup unit and additional gas at high pressure into a second input of the heat exchanger, wherein the gas mixture is heated, exhausted from a second output of the heat exchanger, and delivered to the fluidizing gas plenum of the fluid bed gasifier cell.13. A biomass gasifier apparatus, comprising:(A) a fuel input system;(B) a fluidized bed gasifier cell, configured to receive fuel from the fuel input system, the fluidized bed gasifier cell comprising:(a) bed material, carried at a base of the fluidized bed gasified cell;(b) a fluidizing gas plenum, carried within the fluidized bed gasifier cell;(c) a plurality of manifolds, arranged within the fluidized bed gasifier cell, wherein a space defined between adjacent manifolds is sufficient to allow tramp material to pass downwardly; and(d) a plurality of nozzles, supported by each manifold, wherein gas released by the plurality of nozzles fluidizes the bed material; and(C) wherein a mixture of gases, char and ash is exhausted from an upper portion of the fluidized bed gasifier cell;(D) a cyclone, having an input in communication with the fluidized bed gasifier cell, for receiving a mixture of gases, char and ash from an upper portion of the fluidized bed gasifier cell, and for separating the mixture into first and second outputs, comprising a first output exhausting a mixture of low BTU gas, and a second output exhausting gas carrying a mixture of ash and char; and(E) a char combustion cell, having an input connected to the second output of the cyclone, for oxidizing the char at elevated temperatures; and(F) wherein gas heated within the char combustion cell is used to fluidize the fluidized bed gasifier cell.14. A biomass gasifier apparatus, comprising:(A) a fuel input system;(B) a fluidized bed gasifier cell, configured to receive fuel from the fuel input system, wherein the fluidized bed gasifier cell comprises:(a) bed material, carried at the base of the fluidized bed gasified cell;(b) a fluidizing gas plenum, carried within the fluidized bed gasifier cell;(c) a plurality of manifolds, arranged within the fluidized bed gasifier cell, wherein a space defined between adjacent manifolds is sufficient to allow tramp material to pass downwardly; and(d) a plurality of nozzles are supported by each manifold, wherein gas released by the nozzles fluidizes the bed material; and(C) a bed change-out system, in communication with the fluidized bed gasifier cell, for removing tramp, clinkers and other waste from the bed material;(D) a cyclone, having an input in communication with the fluidized bed gasifier cell, for receiving a mixture of gases, char and ash from an upper portion of the fluidized bed gasifier cell, and for separating the mixture into first and second outputs, comprising a first output exhausting a mixture of low BTU gas, and a second output exhausting gas carrying a mixture of ash and char;(E) a char combustion cell, having an input connected to the second output of the cyclone, oxidizes the char at elevated temperatures;(F) a heat exchanger, having a first input connected to an output of the char combustion cell, receives gas leaving the char combustion cell and removes heat energy;(G) a gas cleanup unit, having an input connected to a first output of the heat exchanger, receives gases discharged from the char combustion cell that have been cooled by the heat exchanger, and removes ash from the gas and exhausts cleaned gas through an output; and(H) a fluid bed gasifier fan, having an input connected to the output of the gas cleanup unit, forces a gas mixture of the cleaned gas from the gas cleanup unit and additional gas at high pressure into a second input of the heat exchanger, wherein the gas mixture is heated, exhausted from a second output of the heat exchanger, and delivered to the fluidizing gas plenum of the fluid bed gasifier cell.
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