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A hardenable medical composition (preferably, dental composition) that includes an ionic redox polymerization system and at least one secondary ionic salt that includes a cation selected from the group consisting of a Group I ion, a Group II ion, an ammonium ion of the formula NR4+ wherein each R is

A hardenable medical composition (preferably, dental composition) that includes an ionic redox polymerization system and at least one secondary ionic salt that includes a cation selected from the group consisting of a Group I ion, a Group II ion, an ammonium ion of the formula NR4+ wherein each R is H or a (C1-C4)alkyl group, and mixtures thereof.

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What is claimed is: 1. A multi-part hardenable medical composition, wherein at least one part comprises: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; water; an ionic reducing agent or an ionic oxidation agent; and a secondary ionic salt comprising a cation selected f

What is claimed is: 1. A multi-part hardenable medical composition, wherein at least one part comprises: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; water; an ionic reducing agent or an ionic oxidation agent; and a secondary ionic salt comprising a cation selected from the group consisting of a Group I ion, a Group II ion, an ammonium ion of the formula NR4+ wherein each R is H or a (C1-C4)alkyl group, and mixtures thereof; wherein the at least one part has increased shelf life relative to the same part without the secondary ionic salt. 2. The hardenable medical composition of claim 1 which is an adhesive. 3. The hardenable medical composition of claim 2 wherein the adhesive includes up to about 25 wt-% filler. 4. The hardenable medical composition of claim 1 which is a sealant. 5. The hardenable medical composition of claim 1 wherein the secondary ionic salt comprises a Group Ia ion. 6. The hardenable medical composition of claim 1 wherein the at least one part comprises an ionic oxidizing agent and at least one another part comprises a reducing agent. 7. The hardenable medical composition of claim 1 wherein the at least one part comprises an ionic reducing agent and at least one other part comprises an oxidizing agent. 8. The hardenable medical composition of claim 1 wherein the ionic reducing agent is polymerizable or nonpolymerizable. 9. The hardenable medical composition of claim 1 wherein the hardenable resin system further comprises an acid-functional component. 10. The hardenable medical composition of claim 1 further comprising a photoinitiator. 11. A multi-part hardenable medical composition, wherein at least one part comprises: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; water; a filler; an ionic reducing agent or an ionic oxidation agent; and a secondary ionic salt comprising a cation selected from the group consisting of a Group I ion, a Group II ion, an ammonium ion of the formula NR4+ wherein each R is H or a (C1-C4)alkyl group, and mixtures thereof; wherein the at least one part has increased shelf life relative to the same part without the secondary ionic salt. 12. The hardenable medical composition of claim 11 wherein the secondary ionic salt comprises a Group Ia ion. 13. The hardenable medical composition of claim 11 wherein the ionic reducing agent is polymerizable or nonpolymerizable. 14. The hardenable medical composition of claim 11 wherein the at least one part comprises an ionic oxidizing agent and at least one other part comprises a reducing agent. 15. The hardenable medical composition of claim 14 wherein the at least one part comprises a urea-or thiourea-containing reducing agent. 16. The hardenable medical composition of claim 15 wherein the reducing agent is nonpolymerizable. 17. The hardenable medical composition of claim 16 wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of 1-ethyl-2-thiourea, tetraethyl thiourea, tetramethyl thiourea, 1,1-dibutyl thiourea, 1,3-dibutyl thiourea, and mixtures thereof. 18. The hardenable medical composition of claim 14 wherein the reducing agent is polymerizable or nonpolymerizable. 19. The hardenable medical composition of claim 11 wherein the at least one part comprises an ionic reducing agent and at least one other part comprises an oxidizing agent. 20. The hardenable medical composition of claim 19 wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of a persulfuric acid, persulfuric acid salt, peroxide, hydroperoxide, transition metal salt, perboric acid, perboric acid salt, permanganic acid, permanganic acid salt, perphosphoric acid, perphosphoric acid salt, and mixtures thereof. 21. The hardenable medical composition of claim 18 wherein the reducing agent is polymerizable. 22. The hardenable medical composition of claim 21 wherein the polymerizable reducing agent comprises a urea or thiourea functional group. 23. The hardenable medical composition of claim 22 wherein the polymerizable reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of 5-acryloxyalkyl barbituric acid, 5-allyl 5-isopropyl barbituric acid, 5-ethyl 5-crotyl barbituric acid, a (meth)acryloxyalkyl thiourea, 1-allyl thiourea, 1,1-diallyl thiourea, 1,3-diallyl thiourea, 1-allyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-thiourea, 1-allyl-3-methyl thiourea, and mixtures thereof. 24. The hardenable medical composition of claim 22 wherein the at least one other part further comprises a secondary reducing agent that is polymerizable or nonpolymerizable. 25. The hardenable medical composition of claim 11 wherein the hardenable resin system further comprises an acid-functional component. 26. The hardenable medical composition of claim 25 wherein the acid-functional component comprises a homopolymer or copolymer of alkenoic acids. 27. The hardenable medical composition of claim 25 wherein the filler is a finely divided acid-reactive filler. 28. The hardenable medical composition of claim 25 wherein the acid-functional component and ethylenically unsaturated component are the same component. 29. The hardenable medical composition of claim 28 wherein the acid-functional component and ethylenically unsaturated component comprise an α,β-unsaturated acidic compound selected from the group consisting of glycerol phosphate monomethacrylates, glycerol phosphate dimethacrylates, hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphates, citric acid di-or tri-methacrylates, poly(meth)acrylated oligomaleic acid, poly(meth)acrylated polymaleic acid, poly(meth)acrylated poly(meth) acrylic acid, poly(meth)acrylated polycarboxyl-polyphosphonic acid, poly(meth)acrylated polychlorophosphoric acid, poly(meth)acrylated polysulfonate, poly(meth)acrylated polyboric acid, and mixtures thereof. 30. The hardenable medical composition of claim 11 wherein the ethylenically unsaturated component is selected from the group consisting of an acrylate, a methacrylate, an acrylamide, a methacrylamide, a urethane acrylate, a urethane methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. 31. The hardenable medical composition of claim 30 wherein the ethylenically unsaturated component is selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, glycerol mono-or di-methacrylate, trimethylol propane trimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, bisGMA, ethoxylated bisphenolA diacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenolA dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, urethane methacrylates, acrylamide, methacrylamide, methylene bis-acrylamide, methylene bis-methacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, diacetone methacrylamide, and mixtures thereof. 32. The hardenable medical composition of claim 11 wherein the at least one part comprises an ionic oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of a persulfuric acid salt, transition metal salt, perboric acid salt, permanganic acid salt, perphosphoric acid salt, and mixtures thereof. 33. The hardenable medical composition of claim 11 further comprising a photoinitiator. 34. The hardenable medical composition of claim 11 which is a dental sealant, dental adhesive, dental cement, dental restorative, or a dental prostheses. 35. A multi-part hardenable dental composition, wherein at least one part comprises: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component and an acid-functional component; water; an acid-reactive filler; an ionic oxidizing agent; and a secondary ionic salt comprising a cation selected from the group consisting of a Group I ion, a Group II ion, an ammonium ion of the formula NR4+ wherein each R is H or a (C1-C4)alkyl group, and mixtures thereof; wherein the at least one part has increased shelf life relative to the same part without the secondary ionic salt. 36. The hardenable dental composition of claim 35 which is a dental sealant, dental adhesive, dental cement, dental restorative, or a dental prostheses. 37. A kit for forming a medical composition, the kit comprising at least one container comprising a composition comprising: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; water; an ionic reducing agent or an ionic oxidation agent; and a secondary ionic salt comprising a cation selected from the group consisting of a Group I ion, a Group II ion, an ammonium ion of the formula NR4+ wherein each R is H or a (C1-C4)alkyl group, and mixtures thereof; wherein the composition in the at least one container has increased shelf life relative to the same composition without the secondary ionic salt. 38. The kit of claim 37 further comprising a filler. 39. The kit of claim 37 wherein the medical composition is a dental sealant, dental adhesive, dental cement, dental restorative, or a dental prostheses. 40. A method of making a multi-part hardenable medical composition, the method comprising: providing a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; providing water; providing an ionic oxidizing agent or an ionic reducing agent; providing a secondary ionic salt comprising a cation selected from the group consisting of a Group I ion, a Group II ion, an ammonium ion of the formula NR4+ wherein each R is H or a (C1-C4) alkyl group, and mixtures thereof; and mixing the resin system, the water, the ionic oxidizing agent or ionic reducing agent, and the secondary ionic salt to form at least one part of the composition; wherein the at least one part has increased shelf life relative to the same part without the secondary ionic salt. 41. The method of claim 40 further comprising providing a filler and mixing the filler with the resin system, the water, the ionic oxidizing agent or ionic reducing agent, and the secondary ionic salt to form the at least one part. 42. A method of adhering a dental article to a tooth or bone, the method comprising: providing a multi-part hardenable dental composition, wherein at least one part comprises: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; water; an ionic oxidizing agent or ionic reducing agent; and a secondary ionic salt comprising a cation selected from the group consisting of a Group I ion, a Group II ion, an ammonium ion of the formula NR4+ wherein each R is H or a (C1-C4)alkyl group, and mixtures thereof; wherein the at least one part has increased shelf life relative to the same part without the secondary ionic salt; and adhering the dental article to the tooth or bone using the hardenable composition. 43. A method of cementing a dental article to a tooth or bone, the method comprising: providing a mulit-part hardenable dental composition, wherein at least one part comprises: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; water; a filler; an ionic oxidizing agent or ionic reducing agent; and a secondary ionic salt comprising a cation selected from the group consisting of a Group I ion, a Group II ion, an ammonium ion of the formula NR4+ wherein each R is H or a (C1-C4)alkyl group, and mixtures thereof; wherein the at least one part has increased shelf life relative to the same part without the secondary ionic salt; and cementing the dental article to the tooth or bone using the hardenable composition. 44. A method of filling a tooth, the method comprising: providing a multi-part hardenable dental composition, wherein at least one part comprises: a hardenable resin system comprising an ethylenically unsaturated component; water; an ionic redox polymerization system comprising an ionic oxidizing agent, a reducing agent comprising a urea or thiourea functional group; and a secondary ionic salt comprising a cation selected from the group consisting of a Group I ion, a Group II ion, an ammonium ion of the formula NR4+ wherein each R is H or a (C1-C4)alkyl group, and mixtures thereof; wherein the at least one part has increased shelf life relative to the same part without the secondary ionic salt; and applying the hardenable composition to the tooth. 45. The hardenable medical composition of claim 6 wherein the reducing agent is polymerizable or nonpolymerizable.