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| 국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
|---|---|
| 국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
| 출원번호 | US-0131234 (2002-04-24) |
| 발명자 / 주소 |
|
| 출원인 / 주소 |
|
| 인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 223 인용 특허 : 334 |
An oil shale formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation from one or more heat sources to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a desired temperature
An oil shale formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation from one or more heat sources to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a desired temperature. Some of the heat sources may be conductors placed within conduits. The conductors may be resistively heated so that the conductors radiantly heat the conduits. The generated heat may transfer to the formation.
What is claimed is: 1. A system configured to heat an oil shale formation, comprising: a first conductor disposed in a first conduit, wherein the first conduit is disposed within a first opening in the formation; a second conductor disposed in a second conduit, wherein the second conduit is dispos
What is claimed is: 1. A system configured to heat an oil shale formation, comprising: a first conductor disposed in a first conduit, wherein the first conduit is disposed within a first opening in the formation; a second conductor disposed in a second conduit, wherein the second conduit is disposed within a second opening in the formation; a third conductor disposed in a third conduit, wherein the third conduit is disposed within a third opening in the formation, wherein the first, second, and third conductors are electrically coupled in a 3-phase Y configuration, and wherein the first, second, and third conductors are configured to provide heat to at least a portion of the formation during use; and wherein the system is configured to allow heat to transfer from the first, second, and third conductors to a part of the formation during use. 2. A system configured to heat an oil shale formation, comprising: a first conductor disposed in a conduit, wherein the conduit is disposed within an opening in the formation; and a second conductor disposed in the conduit, wherein the second conductor is electrically coupled to the first conductor with a connector, and wherein the first and second conductors are configured to provide heat to at least a portion of the formation during use; and wherein the system is configured to allow heat to transfer from the first and second conductors to a part of the formation during use. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first conductor is further configured to generate heat during application of an electrical current to the first conductor. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the first and second conductors comprise a pipe. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the first and second conductors comprise stainless steel. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein the conduit comprises stainless steel. 7. The system of claim 2, further comprising a centralizer configured to maintain a location of the first and second conductors within the conduit. 8. The system of claim 2, further comprising a centralizer configured to maintain a location of the first and second conductors within the conduit, wherein the centralizer comprises ceramic material. 9. The system of claim 2, further comprising a centralizer configured to maintain a location of the first and second conductors within the conduit, wherein the centralizer comprises ceramic material and stainless steel. 10. The system of claim 2, wherein the opening comprises a diameter of at least approximately 5 cm. 11. The system of claim 2, further comprising a lead-in conductor coupled to the first and second conductors, wherein the lead-in conductor comprises a low resistance conductor configured to generate substantially no heat. 12. The system of claim 2, further comprising a lead-in conductor coupled to the first and second conductors, wherein the lead-in conductor comprises copper. 13. The system of claim 2, wherein the conduit comprises a first section and a second section, wherein a thickness of the first section is greater than a thickness of the second section such that heat radiated from the first conductor to the formation along the first section of the conduit is less than heat radiated from the first conductor to the formation along the second section of the conduit. 14. The system of claim 2, further comprising a fluid disposed within the conduit, wherein the fluid is configured to maintain a pressure within the conduit to substantially inhibit deformation of the conduit during use. 15. The system of claim 2, further comprising a thermally conductive fluid disposed within the conduit. 16. The system of claim 2, further comprising a thermally conductive fluid disposed within the conduit, wherein the thermally conductive fluid comprises helium. 17. The system of claim 2, further comprising a fluid disposed within the conduit, wherein the fluid is configured to substantially inhibit arcing between the first and second conductors and the conduit during use. 18. The system of claim 2, further comprising a tube disposed within the opening external to the conduit, wherein the tube is configured to remove vapor produced from at least the heated portion of the formation such that a pressure balance is maintained between the conduit and the opening to substantially inhibit deformation of the conduit during use. 19. The system of claim 2, wherein the first and second conductors are further configured to generate radiant heat of approximately 650 W/m to approximately 1650 W/m during use. 20. The system of claim 2, further comprising an overburden casing coupled to the opening, wherein the overburden casing is disposed in an overburden of the formation. 21. The system of claim 2, further comprising an overburden casing coupled to the opening, wherein the overburden casing is disposed in an overburden of the formation, and wherein the overburden casing comprises steel. 22. The system of claim 2, further comprising an overburden casing coupled to the opening, wherein the overburden casing is disposed in an overburden of the formation, and wherein the overburden casing is further disposed in cement. 23. The system of claim 2, further comprising an overburden casing coupled to the opening, wherein the overburden casing is disposed in an overburden of the formation, and wherein a packing material is disposed at a junction of the overburden casing and the opening. 24. The system of claim 2, further comprising an overburden casing coupled to the opening, wherein the overburden casing is disposed in an overburden of the formation, wherein a packing material is disposed at a junction of the overburden casing and the opening, and wherein the packing material is further configured to substantially inhibit a flow of fluid between the opening and the overburden casing during use. 25. The system of claim 2, wherein the part of the formation is substantially pyrolyzed. 26. A system configured to heat an oil shale formation, comprising: at least one conductor disposed in a conduit, wherein the conduit is disposed within an opening in the formation, and wherein at least the one conductor is configured to provide heat to at least a first portion of the formation during use; at least one sliding connector, wherein at least the one sliding connector is coupled to at least the one conductor, wherein at least the one sliding connector is configured to provide heat during use, and wherein heat provided by at least the one sliding connector is substantially less than the heat provided by at least the one conductor during use; and wherein the system is configured to allow heat to transfer from at least the one conductor to a section of the formation during use. 27. The system of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third conductors are further configured to generate heat during application of an electrical current to the first conductor. 28. The system of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third conductors comprise a pipe. 29. The system of claim 1, further comprising a first sliding electrical connector coupled to the first conductor, wherein the first sliding electrical connector is further coupled to the first conduit. 30. The system of claim 1, further comprising an overburden casing coupled to the first third opening. 31. The system of claim 1, further comprising a fluid disposed within the first, second, and third conduits, wherein the fluid is configured to maintain a pressure within the first conduit to substantially inhibit deformation of the first, second, and third conduits during use. 32. The system of claim 1, further comprising a thermally conductive fluid disposed within the first, second, and third conduits. 33. The system of claim 1, further comprising a fluid disposed within the first, second, and third conduits, wherein the fluid is configured to substantially inhibit arcing between the first, second, and third conductors and the first, second, and third conduits during use. 34. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one tube disposed within the first, second, and third openings external to the first, second, and third conduits, wherein at least the one tube is configured to remove vapor produced from at least the heated portion of the formation such that a pressure balance is maintained between the first, second, and third conduits and the first, second, and third openings to substantially inhibit deformation of the first, second, and third conduits during use. 35. The system of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third conductors are further configured to generate radiant heat of approximately 650 W/m to approximately 1650 W/m during use. 36. The system of claim 26, wherein at least the one conductor is further configured to generate heat during application of an electrical current to at least the one conductor. 37. The system of claim 26, wherein at least the one conductor comprises a pipe. 38. The system of claim 26, further comprising a centralizer configured to maintain a location of at least the one conductor within the conduit. 39. The system of claim 26, wherein the opening comprises a diameter of at least approximately 5 cm. 40. The system of claim 26, further comprising a lead-in conductor coupled to at least the one conductor, wherein the lead-in conductor comprises copper. 41. The system of claim 26, further comprising an overburden casing coupled to the opening. 42. The system of claim 26, further comprising a fluid disposed within the conduit, wherein the fluid is configured to maintain a pressure within the conduit to substantially inhibit deformation of the conduit during use. 43. The system of claim 26, further comprising a thermally conductive fluid disposed within the conduit. 44. The system of claim 26, further comprising a thermally conductive fluid disposed within the conduit, wherein the thermally conductive fluid comprises helium. 45. The system of claim 26, further comprising a fluid disposed within the conduit, wherein the fluid is configured to substantially inhibit arcing between at least the one conductor and the conduit during use. 46. The system of claim 26, further comprising a tube disposed within the opening external to the conduit, wherein the tube is configured to remove vapor produced from at least the heated portion of the formation such that a pressure balance is maintained between the conduit and the opening to substantially inhibit deformation of the conduit during use. 47. The system of claim 26, wherein at least the one conductor is further configured to generate radiant heat of approximately 650 W/m to approximately 1650 W/m during use.
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