[미국특허]
Contaminant removal from natural resources
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
B01F-017/00
B01F-003/08
B09C-001/08
B09C-001/00
C02F-001/72
출원번호
US-0449907
(2003-05-28)
발명자
/ 주소
Clausen,Christian A.
Quinn,Jacqueline W.
Geiger,Cheri L.
Reinhart,Debra
Filipek,Laura B.
Coon,Christina
Devor,Robert
출원인 / 주소
The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
18인용 특허 :
28
초록▼
A zero-valent metal emulsion containing zero-valent metal particles is used to remediate contaminated natural resources, such as groundwater and soil. In a preferred embodiment, the zero-valent metal emulsion removes heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), from contaminated natural resources. In another p
A zero-valent metal emulsion containing zero-valent metal particles is used to remediate contaminated natural resources, such as groundwater and soil. In a preferred embodiment, the zero-valent metal emulsion removes heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), from contaminated natural resources. In another preferred embodiment, the zero-valent metal emulsion is a bimetallic emulsion containing zero-valent metal particles doped with a catalytic metal to remediate halogenated aromatic compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), from natural resources.
대표청구항▼
What is claimed is: 1. A zero-valent metal emulsion comprising, a) a plurality of bimetallic particles, wherein said plurality of bimetallic particles is a plurality of zero-valent metal particles coated with a catalytic metal; b) a surfactant; c) an oil or d-limonene or both oil and d-limonene; an
What is claimed is: 1. A zero-valent metal emulsion comprising, a) a plurality of bimetallic particles, wherein said plurality of bimetallic particles is a plurality of zero-valent metal particles coated with a catalytic metal; b) a surfactant; c) an oil or d-limonene or both oil and d-limonene; and d) water. 2. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 1, wherein said plurality of zero-valent metal particles is a plurality of zero-valent iron particles. 3. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 2, wherein said plurality of zero-valent iron particles is a plurality of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles or a plurality of microscale zero-valent iron particles. 4. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 3, wherein said plurality of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles are 100-300 nm in diameter. 5. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 3, wherein said plurality of microscale zero-valent iron particles are 1-3 microns in diameter. 6. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 2, comprising a) 6-20 wt. % zero-valent iron particles coated with a catalytic metal; b) 1.0-3.0 wt. % surfactant; c) 15-60 wt. % oil or d-limonene; and d) 15-60 wt. % water. 7. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 6, comprising a) 8.5 wt. % zero-valent iron particles coated with a catalytic metal; b) 1.4 wt. % surfactant; c) 42.7 wt. % oil or d-limonene; and d) 47.4 wt. % water. 8. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 1, wherein said surfactant includes a water soluble surfactant and an oil soluble surfactant. 9. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 8, wherein said water soluble surfactants is selected from a group comprising oleyl cetyl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, and alkylaryl polyether alcohol. 10. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 8, wherein said oil soluble surfactant is selected from a group comprising sorbitan trioleate, bis-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosiuccinates, sodium salt of sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate, and sodium dodecyl monolaureate. 11. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 1, wherein said oil is a food-grade vegetable oil. 12. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 11, wherein said food-grade vegetable oil is corn oil. 13. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 1, further comprising a stabilizing additive. 14. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 13, wherein said stabilizing additive is paraffin. 15. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 1, wherein said plurality of zero-valent metal particles is coated with 0.01-3.0 wt. % said catalytic metal. 16. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 1, wherein said catalytic metal is palladium. 17. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 1, wherein said surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfoccinate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trioleate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium naphthalene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sorbitan monostrearate, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan monostrearate, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan tristearate, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene-sorbitan trioleate. 18. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 1, wherein said surfactant is a food-grade surfactant. 19. A zero-valent metal emulsion comprising, a) a plurality of zero-valent metal particles or a plurality of bimetallic particles, wherein said plurality of bimetallic particles is a plurality of zero-valent metal particles coated with a catalytic metal; b) a surfactant; c) an oil or d-limonene or both oil and d-limonene; and d) water including an acid or a base. 20. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 19, wherein said plurality of zero-valent metal particles is a plurality of zero-valent iron particles. 21. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 20, wherein said plurality of zero-valent iron particles is a plurality of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles or a plurality of microscale zero-valent iron particles. 22. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 21, wherein said plurality of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles are 100-300 nm in diameter. 23. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 22, wherein said plurality of microscale zero-valent iron particles are 1-3 microns in diameter. 24. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 20, comprising a) 6-20 wt. % zero-valent iron particles; b) 1.0-3.01 wt. % surfactant; c) 15-60 wt. % oil or d-limonene; and e) 15-60 wt. % water including an acid or a base. 25. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 24, comprising a) 8.5 wt. % zero-valent iron particles; b) 1.4 wt. % surfactant; c) 42.7 wt. % oil; and d) 47.4 wt. % water containing an acid or a base. 26. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 19, wherein said surfactant includes a water soluble surfactant and an oil soluble surfactant. 27. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 26, wherein said water soluble surfactant is selected from a group comprising oleyl cetyl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, and alkylaryl polyether alcohol. 28. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 26, wherein said oil soluble surfactant is selected from a group comprising sorbitan trioleate, bis-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosiuccinates, and sodium salt of sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate, sodium dodecyl monolaureate. 29. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 19, wherein said oil is a food-grade vegetable oil. 30. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 29, wherein said food-grade vegetable oil is corn oil. 31. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 19, further comprising a stabilizing additive. 32. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 31, wherein said stabilizing additive is paraffin. 33. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 19, wherein said surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfoccinate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trioleate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium naphthalene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sorbitan monostrearate, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan monostrearate, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan tristearate, polyoxyethylene-sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene-sorbitan trioleate. 34. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 19, wherein said surfactant is a food-grade surfactant. 35. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 19, wherein said acid is selected from the group comprising hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid and lactic acid. 36. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 19, wherein said water has a pH between 4 and 5. 37. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 19, wherein said base is selected from the group comprising sodium hydroxide and organic amines. 38. The zero-valent metal emulsion of claim 19, wherein said water has a pH between 9 and 10.
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