초록 ▼

Filters for removing particulate and gaseous organic and inorganic materials from a fluid stream are disclosed. The filters may contain a polymer matrix and optional sequestering agents. Methods of making filters are also disclosed. Methods of using filters to remove one or more materials from a flu

Filters for removing particulate and gaseous organic and inorganic materials from a fluid stream are disclosed. The filters may contain a polymer matrix and optional sequestering agents. Methods of making filters are also disclosed. Methods of using filters to remove one or more materials from a fluid stream, such as an air stream, are also disclosed.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. A method of removing particles or one or more volatile or semi-volatile compounds from a fluid stream, said method comprising the steps of: bringing the fluid stream into contact with a filter, wherein the filter comprises an absorptive system containing at least one acidic p

What is claimed is: 1. A method of removing particles or one or more volatile or semi-volatile compounds from a fluid stream, said method comprising the steps of: bringing the fluid stream into contact with a filter, wherein the filter comprises an absorptive system containing at least one acidic polymer, at least one basic polymer, or a combination of at least one acidic polymer and at least one basic polymer physically separated from one another. 2. A filter comprising an absorptive system comprising a polymer chain having acidic or basic groups along the polymer chain comprising polystyrene sulfonic acid. 3. The filter of claim 2, wherein the absorptive system comprises a first layer containing the polystyrene sulfonic acid, and a physically separated second layer containing ethoxylated polyethyleneimine. 4. The filter of claim 2, wherein the absorptive system further comprises one or more hygroscopic polymers. 5. The filter of claim 4, wherein the one or more hygroscopic polymers are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), polypentaerythritol ethoxylate, poly(N, N-dimethyl-3,5,dimethylene) piperidium chloride, quaternized polyimidazoline, polyacrylamide, and combinations thereof. 6. The filter of claim 2, wherein the absorptive system further comprises one or more non-volatile species within the absorptive system, wherein the one or more non-volatile species are reaction products resulting from one or more reactions with one or more reactive additives within the absorptive system. 7. The filter of claim 2, further comprising a substrate, wherein the absorptive system coats at least a portion of an outer surface of the substrate. 8. The filter of claim 7, wherein the substrate comprises a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a film, a foam, a honeycomb structure, particulate material, a mesh or screen, a fiber, a wood product, paper, a glass sheet or bead, a ceramic bead, a polymeric bead, plywood, gypsum board, a ceiling tile, or any combination thereof. 9. The filter of claim 7, wherein the substrate comprises a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a film, a foam, a honeycomb structure, particulate material, a mesh or screen, a fiber, a flake, a powder, or a polymeric bead; and wherein the substrate is formed from polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene, a polyester, a polyamide, nylon 6, nylon 66, a cellulosic material, or a combination thereof. 10. The filter of claim 7, further comprising a housing to at least partially contain the absorptive system, the substrate or both. 11. A method of removing particles or one or more volatile or semi-volatile compounds from a fluid stream, said method comprising: bringing the fluid stream and the filter of claim 2 in contact with one another. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the fluid stream comprises an air stream. 13. A filter comprising: an absorptive system containing at least one acidic polymer, at least one basic polymer, or a combination of at least one acidic polymer and at least one basic polymer physically separated from one another; a substrate, wherein the absorptive system coats at least a portion of an outer surface of the substrate; and an optional housing to at least partially contain the absorptive system, the substrate or both. 14. The filter of claim 13, wherein the acidic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, and poly(acrylic acid); and the basic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimine, ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, and poly(2-vinylphenol). 15. The filter of claim 13, wherein the absorptive system comprises a combination of the at least one acidic polymer and the at least one basic polymer physically separated from one another. 16. The filter of claim 13, wherein the absorptive system further comprises water. 17. A method of removing particles or one or more volatile or semi-volatile compounds from a fluid stream, said method comprising: bringing the fluid stream and the filter of claim 13 in contact with one another. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the fluid stream comprises an air stream. 19. A filter comprising an absorptive system comprising: (i) a first layer containing a polymer chain having acidic or basic groups along the polymer chain, and (ii) a second layer containing one or more hydroscopic polymers, wherein the first layer is separate from and in contact with the second layer. 20. The filter of claim 19, wherein the second layer represents at least one outermost layer of the filter, while the first layer does not represent an outermost layer of the filter. 21. A filter comprising an absorptive system comprising: (i) an acidic/basic polymer selected from the group consisting of polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, poly(acrylic acid), polyethyleneimine, ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, poly(2-vinylphenol), sol gels having acidic or basic groups thereon, orgosils having acidic or basic groups thereon, and combinations thereof; (ii) one or more hygroscopic polymers selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), polypentaerythritol ethoxylate, poly(N,N-dimethyl-3,5,dimethylene) piperidium chloride, quaternized polyimidazoline, polyacrylamide, and combinations thereof; and (iii) one or more reactive additives selected from the group consisting of catalytic reactants, stoichiometric reactants, catalytic/stoichiometric reactants, acid-scavenging agents, base-scavenging agents, reactive nanoparticles, water, and a combination thereof.