초록 ▼

A method of forming a polymer layer on a support surface by the use of a coating agent and polymerizable compounds. The coating agent provides photoreactive groups adapted to attach the agent to the surface, as well as photoreactive groups adapted to remain unattached to the surface, and thus serve

A method of forming a polymer layer on a support surface by the use of a coating agent and polymerizable compounds. The coating agent provides photoreactive groups adapted to attach the agent to the surface, as well as photoreactive groups adapted to remain unattached to the surface, and thus serve as photoinitiators for the activation of polymerizable compounds in order to form a polymer layer thereon. Also provided are coating agents, per se, as well as a method of using such agents and the resultant surfaces and devices fabricated therefrom.

대표청구항 ▼

The invention claimed is: 1. A coating system comprising: a) a coating agent comprising two or more photoreactive species and one or more negatively charged groups, the coating agent selected from: i) a conjugated cyclic diketone having attached thereto, either directly or indirectly, one or more s

The invention claimed is: 1. A coating system comprising: a) a coating agent comprising two or more photoreactive species and one or more negatively charged groups, the coating agent selected from: i) a conjugated cyclic diketone having attached thereto, either directly or indirectly, one or more substituents comprising negatively charged groups, and wherein each ketone group of the diketone is able to serve as a photoreactive moiety capable of being activated in order to provide a free radical; and ii) a nonpolymeric core molecule having attached thereto, either directly or indirectly, one or more substituents comprising negatively charged groups, and two or more photoreactive species, wherein the photoreactive species are provided as discrete photoreactive groups; wherein the photoreactive species include at least one first photoreactive species able, when activated in the presence of the support surface, to attach the coating agent to the surface, and at least one second photoreactive species able, when activated in the presence of free radical polymerizable groups, to initiate polymerization of those groups, the second photoreactive species being able, in the absence of such free radical polymerizable groups, to revert to a latent reactive state, and wherein the photoreactive species are independently aryl ketones; and b) a plurality of molecules bearing free radical polymerizable groups. 2. The coating system according to claim 1 wherein the conjugated cyclic diketone is a quinone. 3. The coating system according to claim 2 wherein the quinone is selected from substituted and unsubstituted benzoquinone, camphorquinone, naphthoquinone, and anthraquinone. 4. The coating system according to claim 1 wherein the negatively charged groups are independently selected from salts of organic acids. 5. The coating system according to claim 4 wherein the organic acids are selected from sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, and phosphoric acid. 6. The coating system according to claim 1 wherein the nonpolymeric core molecule comprises a cyclic group. 7. The coating system according to claim 6 wherein the cyclic group is a benzene radical. 8. The coating system according to claim 1 wherein each aryl ketone is independently selected from the group consisting of acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone, and heterocyclic analogs of anthrone, including their substituted derivatives. 9. The coating system according to claim 1 comprising the coating agent as described in (a)(ii), and further comprising one or more spacer groups attaching corresponding photoreactive species to the core molecule. 10. The coating system according to claim 9 wherein the spacer groups each independently comprise a radical of the formula: --O--(CH 2)n-- wherein n is a whole number equal to at least one. 11. The coating system according to claim 9 wherein the spacer groups each independently comprise a radical of the formula: --(C 2H4O)m--C2H4O-- wherein m is a whole number equal to at least one. 12. A coating system according to claim 1 wherein the molecules bearing polymerizable groups further comprise at least one functional group with a high affinity for water. 13. A coating system according to claim 12 wherein the functional group with a high affinity for water is selected from the group consisting of electrically neutral hydrophilic groups, negatively charged groups, and positively charged groups. 14. A coating system according to claim 1 wherein the molecules bearing polymerizable groups are selected from the group consisting of monomeric polymerizable molecules and macromeric polymerizable molecules. 15. A coating agent comprising a nonpolymeric core molecule having attached thereto, either directly or indirectly, one or more substituents comprising negatively charged groups, and two or more photoreactive species, wherein the photoreactive species are provided as discrete photoreactive groups, and wherein the photoreactive species include at least one first photoreactive species able when activated in the presence of a support surface, to attach the coating agent to a support surface, and at least one second photoreactive species able when activated in the presence of free radical polymerizable groups, to initiate polymerization of those groups, the second photoreactive species being able in the absence of such free radical polymerizable groups, to revert to a latent reactive state; and wherein the photoreactive species are independently aryl ketones and: a plurality of molecules bearing free radical polymerizable groups. 16. The coating agent according to claim 15 wherein the negatively charged groups are independently selected from salts of organic acids. 17. The coating agent according to claim 16 wherein the organic acids are selected from sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, and phosphoric acid. 18. The coating agent according to claim 15 wherein the nonpolymeric core molecule comprises a cyclic group. 19. The coating agent according to claim 18 wherein the cyclic group is a benzene radical. 20. The coating agent according to claim 15 wherein each aryl ketone is independently selected from the group consisting of acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone, heterocyclic analogs of anthrone, including their substituted derivatives. 21. The coating agent according to claim 15 wherein the coating agent further comprises one or more spacer groups attaching corresponding photoreactive species to the core molecule. 22. The coating agent according to claim 21 wherein the spacer groups each independently comprise a radical of the formula: --O--(CH 2)n-- wherein n is a whole number equal to at least one. 23. The coating agent according to claim 21 wherein the spacer groups each independently comprise a radical of the formula: --(C 2H4O)m--C2H4O-- wherein m is a whole number equal to at least one. 24. The coating agent of claim 15, wherein the coating agent has a solubility in water of at least about 0.1 mg/ml at room temperature. 25. The coating agent of claim 15, wherein the coating agent has a solubility in water of at least about 0.5 mg/ml at room temperature. 26. The coating agent of claim 15, wherein the coating agent has a solubility in water of at least about 1.0 mg/ml at room temperature. 27. A method of coating a support surface with a coating agent in order to provide latent reactive groups, the method comprising: a) providing a support surface; b) applying to the support surface a coating agent comprising two or more photoreactive species and one or more negatively charged groups, the coating agent selected from: i) a conjugated cyclic diketone having attached thereto, either directly or indirectly, one or more substituents comprising negatively charged groups, and wherein each ketone group of the diketone is able to serve as a photoreactive moiety capable of being activated in order to provide a free radical; and ii) a nonpolymeric core molecule having attached thereto, either directly or indirectly, one or more substituents comprising negatively charged groups, and two or more photoreactive species, wherein the photoreactive species are provided as discrete photoreactive groups; wherein the photoreactive species include at least one first photoreactive species able, when activated in the presence of the support surface, to attach the coating agent to the surface, and at least one second photoreactive species able when activated in the presence of free radical polymerizable groups, to initiate polymerization of those groups, the second photoreactive species being able in the absence of such free radical polymerizable groups, to revert to a latent reactive state, and wherein the photoreactive species are independently aryl ketones; c) illuminating the agent upon the support surface under conditions suitable to photochemically attach the coating agent to the surface by means of the first photoreactive species, and to allow the second photoreactive species to remain unbound to the support surface and to revert to their latent reactive state; and d) providing a plurality of molecules bearing free radical polymerizable groups. 28. The method according to claim 27 wherein the coating agent provided on the support surface provides the surface with antithrombogenic properties. 29. The method according to claim 27 wherein the conjugated cyclic diketone is a quinone. 30. The method according to claim 29 wherein the quinone is selected from substituted and unsubstituted benzoquinone, camphorquinone, naphthoquinone, and anthraquinone. 31. The method according to claim 27 wherein the negatively charged groups are independently selected from salts of organic acids. 32. The method according to claim 27 wherein the organic acids are selected from sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, and phosphoric acid. 33. The method according to claim 27 wherein the nonpolymeric core molecule comprises a cyclic group. 34. The method according to claim 33 wherein the cyclic group is a benzene radical. 35. The method according to claim 27 wherein each aryl ketone is independently selected from the group consisting of acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone, heterocyclic analogs of anthrone, including their substituted derivatives. 36. The method according to claim 27 comprising the coating agent as described in (b)(ii), and further comprising one or more spacer groups attaching corresponding photoreactive species to the core molecule. 37. The method according to claim 36 wherein the spacer groups each independently comprise a radical of the formula: --O--(CH 2)n-- wherein n is a whole number equal to at least one. 38. The method according to claim 36 wherein the spacer groups each independently comprise a radical of the formula: --(C 2H4O)m--C2H4O-- wherein m is a whole number equal to at least one. 39. The method according to claim 27 wherein the coating agent is selected from the group 4,5-bis(4-benzoylphenylmethyleneoxy) benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid salt, 2,5-bis(4-benzoylphenylmethyleneoxy) benzene-1,4-disulfonic acid salt, and 2,5-bis(4-benzoylphenylmethyleneoxy) benzene-1-sulfonic acid salt. 40. A support surface bearing a coating comprising a polymer layer attached to the surface by a coating agent, the coating agent comprising the residues of two or more photoreactive species and one or more negatively charged groups, the coating agent elected from: i) a conjugated cyclic diketone having attached thereto, either directly or indirectly, one or more substituents comprising negatively charged groups, and wherein each ketone group of the diketone was able to serve as a photoreactive moiety capable of being activated in order to provide a free radical; and ii) a nonpolymeric core molecule having attached thereto, either directly or indirectly, one or more substituents comprising negatively charged groups, and the residues of two or more photoreactives species, wherein the photoreactive species were provided as discrete photoreactive groups; wherein the photoreactive species included at least one first photoreactive species able when activated in the presence of the support surface, to attach the coating agent to the surface, and a least one second photoreactive species able when activated in the presence of free radical polymerizable groups, to initiate polymerization of those groups, the second photoreactive species being able in the absence of such free radical polymerizable groups, to revert to a latent reactive state, and wherein the photoreactive species are independently aryl ketones; and a plurality of molecules bearing free radical polymerizable groups. 41. The support surface bearing a coating according to claim 40 wherein the conjugated cyclic diketone is a quinone. 42. The support surface bearing a coating according to claim 41 wherein the quinone is selected from substituted and unsubstituted benzoquinone, camphorquinone, naphthoquinone, and anthraquinone. 43. The support surface bearing a coating according to claim 40 wherein the negatively charged groups are independently selected from salts of organic acids. 44. The support surface bearing a coating according to claim 43 wherein the organic acids are selected from sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, and phosphoric acid. 45. The support surface bearing a coating according to claim 40 wherein the nonpolymeric core molecule comprises a cyclic group. 46. The support surface bearing a coating according to claim 45 wherein the cyclic group is a benzene radical. 47. The support surface bearing a coating according to claim 40 wherein each aryl ketone is independently selected from the group consisting of acetophenone, benzophenone, anthraquinone, anthrone, heterocyclic analogs of anthrone, including their substituted derivatives. 48. The support surface bearing a coating according to claim 40 comprising the coating agent as described in (b)(ii), and further comprising one or more spacer groups attaching corresponding photoreactive species to the core molecule. 49. The support surface bearing a coating according to claim 48 wherein the spacer groups each independently comprise a radical of the formula: --O--(CH 2)n-- wherein n is a whole number equal to at least one. 50. The support surface bearing a coating according to claim 48 wherein the spacer groups each independently comprise a radical of the formula: --(C2H4O)m--C2H4 O-- wherein m is a whole number equal to at least one.