Installation and method for producing cold or heat using a sorption system
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
F25B-015/00
F25B-017/08
F25B-017/00
출원번호
US-0491627
(2002-10-01)
우선권정보
FR-01 12715(2001-10-03)
국제출원번호
PCT/FR02/003340
(2002-10-01)
§371/§102 date
20040402
(20040402)
국제공개번호
WO03/029732
(2003-04-10)
발명자
/ 주소
Spinner,Bernard
Labidi,Jalel
Stitou,Driss
출원인 / 주소
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifiqe
대리인 / 주소
Buchanan Ingersoll&
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
4
초록▼
A method and installation is described for producing cold and/or heat, in a place where the latter are to be used, from one or more heat energy sources. The method is carried out in an installation comprising two or three assemblies of two reactors in which reversible phenomena involving a gas take
A method and installation is described for producing cold and/or heat, in a place where the latter are to be used, from one or more heat energy sources. The method is carried out in an installation comprising two or three assemblies of two reactors in which reversible phenomena involving a gas take place, said phenomena being exothermic in the sense of synthesis and endothermic in the sense of decomposition. The energy for the operation of the installation is supplied by a low temperature reactor of one or two assemblies. The installation is suitable for the remote production of cold or heat by means of the transport of gas at ambient temperature.
대표청구항▼
The invention claimed is: 1. A method for producing cold and/or heat at a given place using one or a plurality of thermal energy sources comprising a succession of reversible processes between a gas and a liquid or a solid, which: is put into practice in an installation which comprises an HP assemb
The invention claimed is: 1. A method for producing cold and/or heat at a given place using one or a plurality of thermal energy sources comprising a succession of reversible processes between a gas and a liquid or a solid, which: is put into practice in an installation which comprises an HP assembly comprising reactors R1 and R'1, an LP assembly comprising reactors R3 and R'3, and possibly an IP assembly comprising reactors R2 and R'2, in which installation: each reactor Ri is the seat of a reversible sorption alternatively producing and consuming the gas Gi, each reactor R'i is the seat of a reversible process alternatively producing and consuming the gas Gi, the respective sorbents and gases in the reactors are selected so that, at a given pressure: the sorption equilibrium temperature in the reactor Ri of an assembly is higher than the equilibrium temperature of the reversible process in the reactor R'i of the same assembly, the sorption equilibrium temperature in the reactor R1 is lower than that in R3, and, if applicable, the sorption equilibrium temperature in R2 is between the equilibrium temperatures in R1 and R3, the reactors Ri and R'i of an assembly are equipped with means for exchanging the gas Gi, the reactors Ri are equipped with means for exchanging heat with each other, the reactors are isolated from atmospheric pressure, and in which the thermal energy sources necessary for the operation of the installation supply the reactors R'i. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, which comprises: a preliminary step in which the gas exchange means between two reactors of an assembly are closed and the respective sorbents and gases are placed at ambient temperature in the reactors so that the reactor R1 of the HP assembly contains the sorbent in a form rich in gas (B1,G1), the reactor R'1 is in a state to consume the gas G1, the reactor R3 of the LP assembly contains the sorbent in a form poor in gas B3 and the corresponding reactor R'3 is in a state to supply gas G3 , a step a) of the production of cold or heat, during which the gas exchange means are opened between the reactors R3 and R' 3 on the one hand, the reactors R1 and R'1, and if applicable between the reactors R2 and R'2, possibly after having raised the reactor R'3 and if applicable R'2 to a temperature higher than the normal temperature by the input of heat energy, a step b) of regeneration during which the gas exchange means are opened between the reactors R3 and R'3 on the one hand, the reactors R1 and R'1, and if applicable between the reactors R2 and R'2, after having raised the reactor R'1 and if applicable R'2 to a temperature higher than the normal temperature by the input of heat energy. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, for producing cold at a given place using thermal energy sources located at another place, wherein: the respective gases and sorbents in the LP assembly (or the LP and IP assemblies) are selected so that, at the respective pressure which occurs in R'3 (or in R'3 and R'2) after opening of the gas exchange means in the reactors, the equilibrium temperature of the reversible process in R'3 (or in R'3 and in R'2) corresponds to the temperature at which the production of cold is desired, during the step a) of production, the gas exchange means are opened between the reactors without prior input of heat energy to the reactor R'3 (or to the reactors R'3 and R'2). 4. The method for producing cold as claimed in claim 3, which is put into practice in an installation comprising the HP and LP assemblies, under the following conditions: during a preliminary step, the gas transfer means between R1 and R'1 on the one hand, between R3 and R'3 on the other, are closed, the respective sorbents and gases are introduced into the reactors so that the reactor R1 of the HP assembly contains the sorbent in a form rich in gas (B1,G1), the reactor R'1 is in a state to consume the gas G1, the reactor R3 of the LP assembly contains the sorbent in a form poor in gas B3 and the corresponding reactor R'3 is in a state to supply gas G3, the respective gases and sorbents in the LP assembly are selected so that, at the respective pressure which occurs in R'3 after opening the gas exchange means, the equilibrium temperature of the reversible process in R'3 corresponds to the temperature at which the production of cold is desired, during step a), the gas transfer means are opened between the reactors R3 and R'3 on the one hand, and between the reactors R1 and R'1 on the other, which causes the production of cold in R'3, during step b), heat energy is supplied to R'1 to raise it to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R3 and R' 3 on the one hand and between the reactors R1 and R'1 on the other, thereby regenerating the installation. 5. The method for producing cold as claimed in claim 3, which is put into practice in an installation which comprises three HP, LP and IP assemblies respectively comprising the reactors R1,R' 1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2, under the following conditions: during a preliminary step, the gas exchange means are closed between the reactors R 1,R'1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2 , the respective sorbents and gases are introduced into the reactors so that the reactor R1 of the HP assembly contains the sorbent in a form rich in gas (B1,G1), the reactor R'1 is in a state to consume the gas G1, the reactors R3 and R2 of the LP and IP assemblies contain their sorbent in a form poor in gas, respectively B3 and B2, and the reactors R'3 and R'2 are in a state to supply the respective gases G3 and G2, the respective gases and sorbents in the LP and IP assemblies are selected so that, at the respective pressures which occur in R'3 and R'2 after opening the gas exchange means, the equilibrium temperatures of the respectively reversible processes in R'2 and R'3 correspond to the temperatures at which the production of cold is desired, during step a), the gas exchange means are opened between the reactors R1,R'1, R3,R'3 and R 2,R'2, thereby producing cold in R'3 and in R' 2, during step b), heat energy is added to R'1, the gas exchange means are opened between the reactors R1,R'1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2, thereby causing the regeneration of the installation. 6. The method for producing cold as claimed in claim 3, which is put into practice in an installation which comprises three HP, LP and IP assemblies respectively comprising the reactors R1,R' 1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2 under the following conditions: during a preliminary step, the gas exchange means are closed between the reactors R 1,R'1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2 , the respective sorbents and gases selected are introduced into the reactors so that the reactors R1 and R2 contain their respective sorbent in a form rich in gas (B1,G1) and (B 2,G2), the reactors R'1 and R'2 are in a state to consume the respective gas G1 and G2, the reactor R3 contains the sorbent in a form poor in gas B3, and the reactor R'3 is in a state to supply the gas, during step a) in a first phase, the gas exchange means are opened between the reactors R3,R'3 on the one hand and between the reactors R2,R'2 on the other, thereby producing cold in R'3; in a second phase, the gas exchange means are opened between the reactors R1,R'1 on the one hand and the reactors R2,R'2 on the other, thereby producing cold in R'2, during step b), heat energy is supplied to R'1 to raise it to a temperature higher than the normal temperature, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R1,R'1 on the one hand and the reactors R3,R'3 on the other, thereby regenerating the installation. 7. The method for producing cold as claimed in claim 3, which is put into practice in an installation which comprises three HP, LP and IP assemblies respectively comprising the reactors R1,R' 1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2, under the following conditions: during a preliminary step, the gas exchange means are closed between the reactors R 1,R'1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2 , the respective sorbents and gases selected are introduced into the reactors Ri and the reactors R'i so that the reactors R1 and R2 contain their respective sorbent in a form rich in gas (B1,G1) and (B2,G2), the reactors R'1 and R'2 are in a state to consume the respective gas G1 and G2, the reactor R3 contains the sorbent in a form poor in gas B3 and the reactor R'3 is in a state to supply the gas, during step a) the gas transfer means are opened between the reactors R3,R'3 on the one hand and the reactors R 1,R'1 on the other, thereby producing cold in R'3, during step b), in a first phase, heat energy is added to R'1 and communication is created between reactors R1, R'1 on the one hand and the reactors R2,R'2 on the other; in a second phase, heat energy is added to R'2, a connection is created between the reactors R2,R'2 on the one hand and the reactors R3,R'3 on the other, thereby causing the regeneration of the installation. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1 for producing heat at a temperature higher than that of a heat energy source, wherein, during step a) of production, heat energy is added to the installation by the reactor R'3, and possibly by the reactor R'2, before opening the gas exchange means between the reactors R3 and R' 3 and possibly between the reactors R2 and R'2. 9. The method as claimed in claim 8 for producing heat at a given place using heat energy sources located at another place, wherein the heat source used for the regeneration step b) is the exergy of the heat produced at elevated temperature during step a). 10. The method for producing heat as claimed in claim 8, which is put into practice in an installation which comprises an HP assembly comprising the reactors R1 and R'1 and an LP assembly comprising the reactors R3 and R'3, under the following conditions: during a preliminary step, the gas transfer means between R1 and R'1 on the one hand, between R3 and R'3 on the other, are closed, the respective sorbents and gases are introduced into the reactors so that the reactor R1 of the HP assembly contains the sorbent in a form rich in gas (B1,G1), the reactor R'1 is in a state to consume the gas G1, the reactor R3 of the LP assembly contains the sorbent in a form poor in gas B3, and the corresponding reactor R'3 is in a state to supply gas G3, during step a), heat energy is added to R'3 to raise it to a temperature higher than the normal temperature, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R3 and R'3 on the one hand, and the reactors R1 and R'1 on the other, thereby causing the production of heat in R'1, during step b), heat energy is added to R'1 to raise it to a temperature higher than the normal temperature, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R3 and R'3 on the one hand, and the reactors R1 and R'1, thereby causing the regeneration of the installation. 11. The method for producing heat as claimed in claim 8, which is put into practice in an installation which comprises three HP, LP and IP assemblies respectively comprising the reactors R1, R'1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2, under the following conditions: during a preliminary step, the gas exchange means are closed between the reactors R 1,R'1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2 , the respective sorbents and gases selected are introduced into the reactors so that the reactor R1 contains the sorbent in a form rich in gas (B1,G1), the reactor R'1 is in a state to consume the gas G1, the reactors R3 and R2 contain their respective sorbent in a form poor in gas B3 and B 2, and the reactors R'3 and R'2 are in a state to supply the respective gas G3 and G2, during step a), heat energy is added to R'3 and R'2 to raise them to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, the gas exchange means are then opened between the reactors R3,R'3, the reactors R2,R'2, and the reactors R1,R'1, thereby causing the production of heat in R'1, during step b), heat energy is added to R'1 to raise it to a temperature higher than the normal temperature, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R3,R'3, the reactors R2,R'2 and the reactors R1,R' 1, thereby causing the regeneration of the system. 12. The method for producing heat as claimed in claim 8 which is put into practice in an installation which comprises three HP, LP and IP assemblies respectively comprising the reactors R1,R' 1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2, under the following conditions: during a preliminary step: the gas transfer means are closed between the different reactors, the respective sorbents and gases are introduced into the reactors, at normal temperature, so that R1 and R2 contain their respective sorbent in the state rich in gas (S1,G 1) and (S2,G2), R3 contains the sorbent in the state poor in gas, R'1 and R'2 are in a state to consume the gas G1 and the gas G2 respectively, and R'3 is in a state to liberate the gas G3, during step a), heat energy is added to R'3, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R3,R'3 on the one hand and the reactors R1,R'1 on the other, thereby causing the production of heat in R'1, during step b), in a first phase, heat energy is added to R'1, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R1,R'1 on the one hand and the reactors R2, R'2 on the other; in a second phase, heat energy is added to R'2, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R2,R'2 on the one hand and the reactors R3, R'3 on the other, thereby causing the regeneration of the system. 13. The method for producing heat as claimed in claim 8, which is put into practice in an installation which comprises three HP, LP and IP assemblies respectively comprising the reactors R1, R'1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2, under the following conditions: during a preliminary step, the gas transfer means are closed between the different reactors, the respective sorbents and gases are introduced into the reactors, at normal temperature, so that R2 contains the sorbent in a state rich in gas (S2,G2), R3 and R1 contain their sorbent in a state poor in gas respectively B3 and B1, R'2 is in a state to consume the gas G2, and R'3 and R'1 are in a state to liberate the gas G3 and G2 respectively, during step a) in a first phase, heat energy is added to R'3, a connection is created between the reactors R3, R'3 on the one hand, and the reactors R2,R'2 on the other, thereby causing the production of heat in R'2; in a second phase, heat energy is added to R'2, a connection is created between the reactors R1,R'1 on the one hand, and the reactors R2,R'2 on the other, thereby causing the production of heat in R'1, during step b), heat energy is added to R'1, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R1,R'1 on the one hand and the reactors R3,R'3 on the other, thereby causing the regeneration of the installation. 14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reversible process in the reactors R'i is a liquid/gas phase change, an adsorption of a gas in a solid, an absorption of a gas in a liquid, a chemical reaction between a gas and a solid or a liquid, or the formation of clathrate hydrates. 15. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reversible process in the reactors Ri is an adsorption of a gas in a solid, an absorption of a gas in a liquid, a chemical reaction between a gas and a solid or a liquid, or the formation of clathrate hydrates. 16. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reversible processes in all the assemblies of the installation involve the same gas. 17. An installation for producing cold and/or heat, which comprises an HP assembly comprising the reactors R1 and R' 1, an LP assembly comprising the reactors R3 and R'3 and possibly an IP assembly comprising reactors R2 and R'2, wherein: each reactor Ri is the seat of a reversible sorption alternatively producing and consuming the gas Gi, each reactor R'i is the seat of a reversible process alternatively producing and consuming the gas Gi, the reactants in the reactors are selected so that, at a given pressure: the equilibrium temperature of the sorption in the reactor Ri of an assembly is higher than the equilibrium temperature of the reversible process in the reactor R'i of the same assembly, the equilibrium temperature of the sorption in the reactor R1 is lower than that in R3, and if applicable, the equilibrium temperature of the sorption in R2 is between the equilibrium temperatures in R1 and R3, the reactors Ri and R'i of an assembly are equipped with means to exchange the gas Gi, the reactors R1,R3 and if applicable R2 are equipped with means to exchange heat between each other, the reactors are isolated from atmospheric pressure. 18. The method as claimed in claim 2, for producing cold at a given place using thermal energy sources located at another place, wherein: the respective gases and sorbents in the LP assembly (or the LP and IP assemblies) are selected so that, at the respective pressure which occurs in R'3 (or in R'3 and R'2) after opening of the gas exchange means in the reactors, the equilibrium temperature of the reversible process in R'3 (or in R'3 and R'2) corresponds to the temperature at which the production of cold is desired, during the step a) of production, the gas exchange means are opened between the reactors without prior input of heat energy to the reactor R'3 (or to the reactors R'3 and R'2). 19. The method as claimed in claim 2 for producing heat at a temperature higher than that of a heat energy source, wherein, during step a) of production, heat energy is added to the installation by the reactor R'3, and possibly by the reactor R'2, before opening the gas exchange means between the reactors R3 and R' 3 and possibly between the reactors R2 and R'2. 20. The method for producing cold as claimed in claim 9, which is put into practice in an installation which comprises three HP assembly comprising the reactors R1 and R'1 and an LP assembly comprising the reactors R3 and R'3, under the following conditions: during a preliminary step, the gas transfer means between R1 and R'1 on the one hand, between R3 and R'3 on the other, are closed, the respective sorbents and gases are introduced into the reactors so that the reactor R1 of the HP assembly contains the sorbent in a form rich in gas (B1,G1), the reactor R'1 is in a state to consume the gas G1, the reactor R3 of the LP assembly contains the sorbent in a form poor in gas B3, and the corresponding reactor R'3 is in a state to supply gas G3, during step a), heat energy is added to R'3 to raise it to a temperature higher than the normal temperature, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R3 and R'3 on the one hand, and the reactors R1 and R'1, on the other, thereby causing the production of heat in R'1, during step b), heat energy is added to R'1 to raise it to a temperature higher than the normal temperature, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R3 and R'3 on the one hand, and the reactors R1 and R'1, thereby causing the regeneration of the installation. 21. The method for producing heat as claimed in claim 9, which is put into practice in an installation which comprises three HP, LP and IP assemblies respectively comprising the reactors R1, R'1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2, under the following conditions: during a preliminary step, the gas exchange means are closed between the reactors R 1,R'1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2 , the respective sorbents and gases selected are introduced into the reactors so that the reactor R1 contains the sorbent in a form rich in gas (B1,G1), the reactor R'1 is in a state to consume the gas G1, the reactors R3 and R2 contain their respective sorbent in a form poor in gas B3 and B 2, and the reactors R'3 and R'2 are in a state to supply the respective gas G3 and G2, during step a), heat energy is added to R'3 and R'2 to raise them to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, the gas exchange means are then opened between the reactors R3,R'3, the reactors R2,R'2, and the reactors R1,R'1, thereby causing the production of heat in R'1, during step b), heat energy is added to R'1 to raise it to a temperature higher than the normal temperature, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R3,R'3, the reactors R2,R'2 and the reactors R1,R' 1, thereby causing the regeneration of the system. 22. The method for producing heat as claimed in claim 9, which is put into practice in an installation which comprises three HP, LP and IP assemblies respectively comprising the reactors R1, R'1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2, under the following conditions: during a preliminary step: the gas transfer means are closed between the different reactors, the respective sorbents and gases are introduced into the reactors, at normal temperature, so that R1 and R2 contain their respective sorbent in the state rich in gas (S1,G 1) and (S2,G2), R3 contains the sorbent in the state poor in gas, R'1 and R'2 are in a state to consume the gas G1 and the gas G2 respectively, and R'3 is in a state to liberate the gas G3, during step a), heat energy is added to R'3, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R3,R'3 on the one hand and the reactors R1,R'1 on the other, thereby causing the production of heat in R'1, during step b), in a first phase, heat energy is added to R'1, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R1,R'1 on the one hand and the reactors R2, R'2 on the other; in a second phase, heat energy is added to R'2, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R2,R'2 on the one hand and the reactors R3, R'3 on the other, thereby causing the regeneration of the system. 23. The method for producing heat as claimed in claim 9, which is put into practice in an installation which comprises three HP, LP and IP assemblies respectively comprising the reactors R1, R'1, R3,R'3 and R2,R'2, under the following conditions: during a preliminary step, the gas transfer means are closed between the different reactors, the respective sorbents and gases are introduced into the reactors, at normal temperature, so that R2 contains the sorbent in a state rich in gas (S2,G2), R3 and R1 contain their sorbent in a state poor in gas respectively B3 and B1, R'2 is in a state to consume the gas G2, and R'3 and R'1 are in a state to liberate the gas G3 and G2 respectively, during step a) in a first phase, heat energy is added to R'3, a connection is created between the reactors R3, R'3 on the one hand, and the reactors R2,R'2 on the other, thereby causing the production of heat in R'2; in a second phase, heat energy is added to R'2, a connection is created between the reactors R1,R'1 on the one hand, and the reactors R2,R'2 on the other, thereby causing the production of heat in R'1, during step b), heat energy is added to R'1, the gas transfer means are then opened between the reactors R1,R'1 on the one hand and the reactors R3,R'3 on the other, thereby causing the regeneration of the installation.
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