A method for obtaining ethanol from a feed solution utilizes an extractant comprising a mixture of at least one alkane and at least one aliphatic alcohol having the formula wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R7 each independently represent H or a straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon
A method for obtaining ethanol from a feed solution utilizes an extractant comprising a mixture of at least one alkane and at least one aliphatic alcohol having the formula wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R7 each independently represent H or a straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R6 represents a straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or taken together R 3 and R6 represent an alkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and m and n independently represent 0, 1, 2, or 3, with the proviso that if R4 represents H, then at least two of R1 , R2, and R3, or at least one of R5 and R 7, are straight chain alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
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What is claimed is: 1. A method for obtaining ethanol from a feed solution comprising: providing a feed solution comprising water and ethanol; providing an extractant that is immiscible with the feed solution, the extractant comprising a mixture of: at least one alkane; and at least one aliphatic
What is claimed is: 1. A method for obtaining ethanol from a feed solution comprising: providing a feed solution comprising water and ethanol; providing an extractant that is immiscible with the feed solution, the extractant comprising a mixture of: at least one alkane; and at least one aliphatic alcohol having the formula wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R 5, and R7 each independently represent H or a straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R6 represents a straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or taken together R3 and R6 represent an alkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and m and n independently represent 0, 1, 2, or 3, with the proviso that if R4 represents H, then at least two of R1, R2, and R3, or at least one of R5 and R7, are straight chain alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; contacting the extractant with the feed solution; and at least partially removing ethanol from the extractant. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein removing comprises evaporating. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein removing comprises distilling. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein removing comprises pervaporation. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the extractant has a boiling point of at least 125째 C. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the extractant has a boiling point of at least 150째 C. 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the feed solution comprises a fermentation broth. 8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the aliphatic alcohol is selected from 3,6-dimethylheptan-3-ol, 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-ol, or a combination thereof. 9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the feed solution comprises ethanol in a concentration of at least 2 percent by weight. 10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the feed solution is greater than about 29째 C. 11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the feed solution is in a range of from about 29째 C. to about 33째 C. 12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the process is carried out in a continuous manner. 13. A method according to claim 3, wherein the process is carried out in a continuous manner. 14. A method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one alkane comprises decane, dodecane, tetradecane, or a mixture thereof. 15. A method according to claim 1, further comprising: providing a membrane having a plurality of micropores; and contacting the membrane with the extractant and the feed solution, wherein the extractant and the feed solution contact each other within at least one micropore of the membrane. 16. A method according to claim 15, wherein the microporous membrane has an average pore size in a range of from about 0.1 micrometer to about 0.4 micrometer. 17. A method according to claim 15, wherein the microporous membrane is hydrophilic. 18. A method according to claim 15, wherein the microporous membrane is hydrophobic. 19. A method according to claim 15, wherein the microporous membrane comprises a thermoplastic polymer. 20. A method according to claim 15, wherein the microporous membrane comprises a blend of thermoplastic polymers. 21. A method according to claim 15, wherein the microporous membrane comprises polyolefin. 22. A method according to claim 15, wherein the microporous membrane comprises polypropylene. 23. A method according to claim 15, wherein removing comprises evaporating. 24. A method according to claim 15, wherein removing comprises distilling. 25. A method according to claim 24, wherein the process is carried out in a continuous manner. 26. A method according to claim 15, wherein removing comprises pervaporation. 27. A method according to claim 15, wherein the extractant has a boiling point of at least 125째 C. 28. A method according to claim 15, wherein the extractant has a boiling point of at least 150째 C. 29. A method according to claim 15, wherein the feed solution comprises fermentation broth. 30. A method according to claim 15, wherein the aliphatic alcohol is selected from 3,6-dimethylheptan-3-ol, 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-ol, and a combination thereof. 31. A method according to claim 15, wherein the alkane is selected from decane, dodecane, and a combination thereof. 32. A method according to claim 15, wherein the process is carried out in a continuous manner. 33. A method according to claim 15, wherein the pressure of the feed solution is at least 1 kPa greater than the pressure of the extractant. 34. A method according to claim 15, wherein the pressure of the feed solution is at least 6.9 kPa greater than the pressure of the extractant. 35. A method for obtaining ethanol from a feed solution comprising: providing a feed solution comprising water and ethanol; providing an extractant that is immiscible with the feed solution, the extractant comprising a mixture of: at least one alkane having a first yield factor for extraction of ethanol from the feed solution; and at least one branched aliphatic alcohol having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein the branched aliphatic alcohol has a second yield factor for extraction of ethanol from the feed solution, wherein the mixture has a third yield factor for extraction of ethanol from the feed solution, and further wherein the third yield factor is greater than both of the first and second yield factors; contacting the extractant with the feed solution; and at least partially removing ethanol from the extractant. 36. A method according to claim 35, wherein removing comprises evaporating. 37. A method according to claim 35, wherein removing comprises distilling. 38. A method according to claim 35, wherein removing comprises pervaporation. 39. A method according to claim 35, further comprising: providing a membrane having a plurality of micropores; and contacting the membrane with the extractant and the feed solution, wherein the extractant and the feed solution contact each other within at least one micropore of the membrane. 40. A method according to claim 39, wherein the microporous membrane is hydrophilic. 41. A method according to claim 39, wherein the microporous membrane is hydrophobic. 42. A method according to claim 39, wherein the microporous membrane has an average pore size in a range of from about 0.1 micrometer to about 0.4 micrometer. 43. A method according to claim 39, wherein the microporous membrane comprises a thermoplastic polymer. 44. A method according to claim 39, wherein the microporous membrane comprises a blend of thermoplastic polymers. 45. A method according to claim 39, wherein the feed solution comprises fermentation broth. 46. A method according to claim 39, wherein the pressure of the feed solution is at least 1 kPa greater than the pressure of the extractant. 47. A method according to claim 39, wherein the pressure of the feed solution is at least 6.9 kPa greater than the pressure of the extractant. 48. A method according to claim 39, wherein the process is carried out in a continuous manner.
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