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In one embodiment, an antenna array is provided that includes a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface; a plurality of heavily-doped contact regions extending from the first surface to the second surface; a plurality of antennas formed on an insulating layer ad

In one embodiment, an antenna array is provided that includes a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface; a plurality of heavily-doped contact regions extending from the first surface to the second surface; a plurality of antennas formed on an insulating layer adjacent the first surface, each antenna being coupled to corresponding ones of the contact regions by vias; driving circuitry formed on the second surface of the substrate, wherein the driving circuitry is configured such that each antenna corresponds to an RF beam forming interface circuit adapted to perform at least one of phase-shifting and attenuating an RF signal according to a transmit beam forming command to form an RF driving signal for driving the corresponding antenna, the RF beam forming interface circuit also adapted to perform at least one of phase-shifting and attenuating a received RF signal from the corresponding antenna according to a receive beam forming command, and a waveguide network formed in a network substrate adjacent the second surface, wherein the waveguide network is adapted to provide the RF signal to and to receive the received RF signal from each RF beam forming interface circuit.

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I claim: 1. An antenna array, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface; a plurality of heavily-doped contact regions extending from the first surface to the second surface; a plurality of antennas formed on an insulating layer adjacent the first su

I claim: 1. An antenna array, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface; a plurality of heavily-doped contact regions extending from the first surface to the second surface; a plurality of antennas formed on an insulating layer adjacent the first surface, each antenna being coupled to corresponding ones of the contact regions by vias; driving circuitry formed on the second surface of the substrate, wherein the driving circuitry is configured such that each antenna corresponds to an RF beam forming interface circuit adapted to perform at least one of phase-shifting and attenuating an RF signal according to a transmit beam forming command to form an RF driving signal for driving the corresponding antenna, the RF beam forming interface circuit also adapted to perform at least one of phase-shifting and attenuating a received RF signal from the corresponding antenna according to a receive beam forming command, and a waveguide network formed in a network substrate adjacent the second surface, wherein the waveguide network is adapted to provide the RF signal to and to receive the received RF signal from each RF beam forming interface circuit. 2. The antenna array of claim 1, wherein the antennas comprise dipole antennas. 3. The antenna array of claim 1, wherein each RF beam forming circuit is adapted to only phase-shift the RF signal according to its transmit beam forming command, and wherein each RF beam forming circuit is adapted to only phase-shift its received RF signal according to its receive beam forming command. 4. The antenna array of claim 1, further comprising: a beam forming controller adapted to provide the transmit and receive beam forming commands to each RF beam forming interface circuit. 5. The antenna array of claim 1, wherein the antennas comprise patch antennas. 6. The antenna array of claim 1, wherein each RF beam forming interface circuit includes a feedline/receptor that projects into a lumen of the waveguide network for receiving the RF signal. 7. The antenna array of claim 6, wherein each feedline/receptor is configured to excite a TE mode of propagation in the waveguide lumen. 8. The antenna array of claim 7, wherein each feedline/receptor is a T-shaped element. 9. The antenna array of claim 6, wherein each feedline/receptor is configured to excite a TM mode of propagation in the waveguide lumen. 10. The antenna array of claim 9, wherein each feedline/receptor is conical-shaped. 11. An antenna array, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface; a plurality of heavily-doped contact regions extending from the first surface to the second surface; a plurality of antennas formed on an insulating layer adjacent the first surface, each antenna being coupled to corresponding ones of the contact regions by vias; driving circuitry formed on the second surface of the substrate, wherein the driving circuitry is configured such that each antenna corresponds to a phase-locked loop and mixer, each phase-locked loop operable to receive a phase-adjusted version of a reference clock and provide an oscillator output signal that is synchronous with the phase-adjusted version of the reference clock, wherein if the phase-locked loop is configured for transmission, the oscillator output signal is upconverted in the circuit's mixer and the upconverted signal transmitted by the corresponding antenna, and wherein if the phase-locked loop is configured for reception, a received signal from the corresponding antenna is downconverted in the mixer responsive to the oscillator output signal; and a waveguide network formed in a network substrate adjacent the second surface, wherein the waveguide network is adapted to provide the phase-adjusted versions of the reference clock to the phase-locked loops. 12. The antenna array of claim 11, wherein the antennas are patch antennas. 13. The antenna array of claim 11, wherein the antennas are dipole antennas. 14. The antenna array of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of feedline/receptors projecting into a lumen of the waveguide, wherein each feedline/receptor couples to a corresponding one of the phase-locked loops such that the phase-locked loop receives the phase-adjusted version of the reference clock through the coupled feedline/receptor. 15. The antenna array of claim 14, wherein each feedline/receptor is configured to receive a TM-propagated signal. 16. The antenna array of claim 14, wherein each feedline/receptor is configured to receive a TE-propagated signal.