초록 ▼

Described herein is a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel source. The fuel processor comprises a reformer and burner. The reformer includes a catalyst that facilitates the production of hydrogen from the fuel source. Voluminous reformer chamber designs are provided that increase the a

Described herein is a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel source. The fuel processor comprises a reformer and burner. The reformer includes a catalyst that facilitates the production of hydrogen from the fuel source. Voluminous reformer chamber designs are provided that increase the amount of catalyst that can be used in a reformer and increase hydrogen output for a given fuel processor size. The burner provides heat to the reformer. One or more burners may be configured to surround a reformer on multiple sides to increase thermal transfer to the reformer. Dewars are also described that increase thermal management of a fuel processor and increase burner efficiency. A dewar includes one or more dewar chambers that receive inlet process gas or liquid before a burner receives the process gas or liquid. The dewar is arranged such that process gas or liquid passing through the dewar chamber intercepts heat generated in the burner before the heat escapes the fuel processor.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. A fuel processor for producing hydrogen from a fuel source, the fuel processor comprising: a reformer including a reformer chamber that is configured to receive the hydrogen fuel source and to output hydrogen, and the reformer including a catalyst that facilitates the product

What is claimed is: 1. A fuel processor for producing hydrogen from a fuel source, the fuel processor comprising: a reformer including a reformer chamber that is configured to receive the hydrogen fuel source and to output hydrogen, and the reformer including a catalyst that facilitates the production of hydrogen; a burner, including a burner chamber that includes a burner catalyst, and configured to provide heat to the reformer; a dewar that at least partially contains the reformer and the burner and includes a set of dewar walls that form a dewar chamber, the chamber configured to receive a process gas or liquid before the burner receives the process gas or liquid, wherein the fuel processor includes a monolithic structure that forms a wall of the reformer chamber, a wall of the burner chamber, and a wall of the dewar chamber; and a housing including a set of housing walls that at least partially contain the dewar and provide external mechanical protection for the reformer and the burner. 2. The fuel processor of claim 1 wherein the dewar is configured such that the process gas or liquid passing through the dewar chamber receives heat generated in the burner. 3. The fuel processor of claim 2 wherein the dewar is configured such that the process gas or liquid passing through the dewar chamber receives heat directly from a wall of the burner. 4. The fuel processor of claim 2 wherein the dewar is configured such that the process gas or liquid passing through the dewar chamber receives heat indirectly from the burner. 5. The fuel processor of claim 1 wherein the dewar includes a radiative layer disposed on an inner surface of the set of dewar walls that improves radiative heat reflectance of the inner surface. 6. The fuel processor of claim 1 wherein the burner is configured to operate at a temperature greater than about 200 degrees Celsius and the outer side of the housing remains less than about 50 degrees Celsius. 7. The fuel processor of claim 6 wherein the fuel processor is configured such that a wall of the burner is no greater than 10 millimeters from a wall of the housing. 8. The fuel processor of claim 1 wherein the dewar includes a second dewar chamber. 9. The fuel processor of claim 8 wherein the second dewar chamber comprises space formed between the dewar walls and the housing. 10. The fuel processor of claim 9 wherein the fuel processor is configured such that the process gas or liquid passes through the second dewar chamber before entering the first dewar chamber. 11. The fuel processor of claim 1 wherein the set of dewar walls comprises a spiral configuration in cross section. 12. The fuel processor of claim 1 wherein the dewar annularly surrounds the burner in cross section. 13. The fuel processor of claim 12 wherein the burner comprises a catalyst wash coated on a wall of the burner. 14. The fuel processor of claim 13 wherein the dewar comprises a spiral wall that spirals in a cross section around the burner. 15. The fuel processor of claim 14 wherein the dewar includes a portion of the spiral wall and the burner comprises a second portion of the spiral wall including the wash coat. 16. A method for generating hydrogen in a fuel processor, the fuel processor comprising a burner, a reformer and a dewar that at least partially contains the burner and reformer, the method comprising: generating heat in the burner using a burner catalyst, wherein the fuel processor includes a monolithic structure that forms a wall of a reformer chamber included in the reformer, a wall of a burner chamber included in the burner, and a wall of a dewar chamber included in the dewar; passing process gas or liquid through a dewar chamber; heating the process gas or liquid in the dewar chamber using heat generated in the burner; supplying the process gas or liquid to the burner after it has been heated in the dewar chamber; conducting heat from the burner catalyst to a wall shared between the burner and the reformer and included in the monolithic structure; and reforming a fuel source to produce hydrogen. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the process gas or liquid passes through the dewar chamber in a direction that at least partially counters a direction that the process gas or liquid passes through the burner chamber. 18. The method of claim 16 wherein the dewar chamber comprises space formed between a wall of the monolithic structure and a set of walls for the dewar. 19. The method of claim 16 wherein the fuel processor comprises a housing that contains the dewar. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the housing and the dewar create a second dewar chamber that receives the process gas or liquid before the dewar chamber receives the process gas or liquid. 21. The method of claim 20 further comprising heating the process gas or liquid in the second dewar chamber using heat generated in the burner. 22. The method of claim 16 wherein the process gas or liquid in the dewar chamber is heated using heat from a wall in the monolithic structure shared by the burner and the dewar. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein heating the process gas or liquid comprises convective heat transfer between the shared wall and the process gas or liquid in the dewar chamber. 24. The method of claim 16 wherein the process gas or liquid in the dewar chamber is heated using heat from a wall of the dewar after the heat transfers from the burner to the dewar wall. 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the heat transfers to the dewar wall via conductive heat transfer from the burner catalyst to a wall shared by the dewar and the burner. 26. The method of claim 24 wherein the heat transfers to a second dewar wall via radiative heat transfer from the wall shared by the dewar and the burner. 27. The method of claim 26 wherein the dewar includes a radiative layer disposed on the second wall that improves radiative heat reflectance of the second wall. 28. The method of claim 16 wherein the dewar comprises a wall that spirals in a cross section around the burner. 29. A method for managing heat in a fuel processor, the fuel processor comprising a burner, a reformer and a dewar that at least partially contains the burner, the method comprising: generating heat in the burner; passing a process gas or liquid through a dewar chamber; and heating the process gas or liquid in the dewar chamber using heat generated in the burner, wherein the burner operates at a temperature greater than about 200 degrees Celsius, wherein an outer side of a wall of a housing, that at least partially contains the dewar, remains less than about 50 degrees Celsius during heat generation in the burner, and wherein the fuel processor is configured such that a wall of the burner is no greater than 10 millimeters from the wall of the housing. 30. The method of claim 29 wherein the process gas or liquid passes through the dewar chamber in a direction that at least partially counters a direction that the process gas or liquid passes through the burner chamber. 31. The method of claim 29 wherein the dewar chamber comprises space formed between a wall of the burner and a set of walls for the dewar. 32. The method of claim 29 wherein the housing and the dewar create a second dewar chamber that receives the process gas or liquid before the dewar chamber receives the process gas or liquid. 33. The method of claim 32 further comprising heating the process gas or liquid in the second dewar chamber using heat generated in the burner. 34. The method of claim 29 wherein the process gas or liquid in the dewar chamber is heated using heat from a wall shared by the burner and the dewar. 35. The method of claim 34 wherein heating the process gas or liquid comprises convective heat transfer between the shared wall and the process gas or liquid in the dewar chamber. 36. The method of claim 29 wherein the dewar comprises a wall that spirals in a cross section around the burner. 37. The method of claim 29 wherein the burner comprises a catalyst wash coated on a wall of the burner. 38. The method of claim 37 wherein the dewar comprises a spiral wall that spirals in a cross section around the burner. 39. The method of claim 38 wherein the dewar includes a portion of the spiral wall and the burner share comprises a second portion of the spiral wall including the wash coat. 40. A fuel processor for producing hydrogen from a fuel source, the fuel processor comprising: a reformer including a reformer chamber that is configured to receive the hydrogen fuel source and to output hydrogen, and includes a reformer catalyst that facilitates the production of hydrogen and that is disposed on pellets included in the reformer chamber; a burner including a burner chamber that is configured to provide heat to the reformer and includes a burner catalyst, wherein the burner is configured such that heat generated in the burner conducts from the burner catalyst to a wall shared between the burner and the reformer and conducts from the shared wall to the reformer catalyst; a dewar that at least partially contains the reformer and the burner and includes a set of dewar walls that form a dewar chamber, the chamber configured to receive a process gas or liquid before the burner receives the process gas or liquid; and a housing including a set of housing walls that at least partially contain the dewar and provide external mechanical protection for the reformer and the burner. 41. The fuel processor of claim 40 wherein the burner catalyst is disposed on pellets included in the burner chamber.