Field emission material having an inter-layer spacing and further coated with insulating material
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H01J-001/304
H01J-001/30
H01J-001/312
출원번호
US-0472095
(2002-03-11)
등록번호
US-7355330
(2008-04-08)
우선권정보
GB-0106358.5(2001-03-13)
국제출원번호
PCT/GB02/000962
(2002-03-11)
§371/§102 date
20030915
(20030915)
국제공개번호
WO02/073646
(2002-09-19)
발명자
/ 주소
Burden,Adrian Paul
Baigrie,Stephen Michael
출원인 / 주소
Printable Field Emitters Limited
대리인 / 주소
Barnes & Thornburg LLP
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
1인용 특허 :
4
초록▼
Graphite comprises atoms arranged in discrete layers (100). The perpendicular distance between these layers is the 'd-spacing' (101). A field emission material is obtained by expanding the d-spacing (102). Such expansion may be achieved by an intercalant that has been introduced between layers of th
Graphite comprises atoms arranged in discrete layers (100). The perpendicular distance between these layers is the 'd-spacing' (101). A field emission material is obtained by expanding the d-spacing (102). Such expansion may be achieved by an intercalant that has been introduced between layers of the material. Such an intercalant may reside, or may no longer reside, in the material. The material may be placed in position on a substrate by a printing process, prior to expansion. Such field emission material may be used in cold cathodes in field electron emission devices.
대표청구항▼
The invention claimed is: 1. A field electron emission material formed of a particulate electrically conductive material comprising layers of atoms in which the inter-layer spacing has been expanded, the electrically conductive material being at least partly coated with an electrically insulating m
The invention claimed is: 1. A field electron emission material formed of a particulate electrically conductive material comprising layers of atoms in which the inter-layer spacing has been expanded, the electrically conductive material being at least partly coated with an electrically insulating material to form a MIV or MlMIV structure. 2. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein the particles of said layers are crystalline. 3. A field electron emission material according to claim 2, wherein said layers are turbostratic. 4. A field electron emission material according to claim 2, wherein said layers are highly ordered. 5. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein said layered material comprises graphite. 6. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein said layered material comprises at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibres, carbon Buckyonions and carbon black. 7. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein said layered material comprises at least one of MoS2, perovskites, micas, and hexagonal boron nitride. 8. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of said expanded layered material is in the range 0.1 to 1000 μm, in the direction of expansion. 9. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of said expanded layered material is in the range 0.1 to 400 μm, in a direction normal to the direction of expansion. 10. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein said expanded layered material is disposed upon a planar substrate, and its layers are oriented at an angle greater than 0 degrees to the substrate plane. 11. A field electron emission material according to claim 10, wherein said layers are oriented substantially perpendicular to said substrate plane. 12. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein said expanded layered material has a DBP number in the range 20 to 500. 13. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein said layered material has been expanded by an intercalant that has been introduced between layers of the material. 14. A field electron emission material according to claim 13, wherein said intercalant no longer resides in the material. 15. A field electron emission material according to claim 13, wherein at least some of said intercalant remains in the material. 16. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein an intercalant has been introduced between layers of the material; after expansion of the material. 17. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein said material has been placed in position on a substrate by a printing process. 18. A field electron emission material according to claim 1, wherein said layered material has been expanded during a curing cycle of the material. 19. A field electron emission material according to claim 18, wherein said curing takes place after the material has been placed in position on a substrate. 20. A field electron emitter formed from a field emission material according to claim 1, and arranged to serve as a cathode in a field electron emission device. 21. A field electron emitter according to claim 20, arranged to emit electrons without the application of heat. 22. A field electron emission device comprising a field electron emitter according to claim 20, and means for applying an electric field to said field emission material, thereby to cause said material to emit electrons. 23. A field emission device according to claim 22, wherein said layered material has been expanded during a curing cycle of the material, and said curing has taken place during an assembly process of said device. 24. A field electron emission device according to claim 22, comprising a substrate with an array of patches of said field electron emitters, and control electrodes with aligned arrays of apertures, which electrodes are supported above the emitter patches by insulating layers. 25. A field electron emission device according to claim 24, wherein said apertures are in the form of slots. 26. A field electron emission device according to claim 22, comprising a plasma reactor, corona discharge device, silent discharge device, ozoniser, an electron source, electron gun, electron device, x-ray tube, vacuum gauge, gas filled device or ion thruster. 27. A field electron emission device according to claim 22, wherein the field electron emitter supplies the total current for operation of the device. 28. A field electron emission device according to claim 22, wherein the field electron emitter supplies a starting, triggering or priming current for the device. 29. A field electron emission device according to claim 22, comprising a display device. 30. A field electron emission device according to claim 22, comprising a lamp. 31. A field electron emission device according to claim 30, wherein said lamp is substantially flat. 32. A field electron emission device according to claim 22, wherein said emitter is connected to an electric driving means via a ballast resistor to limit current. 33. A field electron emission device according to claim 24, wherein said emitter is connected to an electric driving means via a ballast resistor to limit current and said ballast resistor is applied as a resistive pad under each said emitting patch. 34. A field electron emission device according to claim 22, wherein said emitter material and/or a phosphor is/are coated upon one or more one-dimensional array of conductive tracks which are arranged to be addressed by electronic driving means so as to produce a scanning illuminated line. 35. A field electron emission device according to claim 34, including said electronic driving means. 36. A field electron emission device according to claim 22, wherein said field emitter is disposed in an environment which is gaseous, liquid, solid, or a vacuum. 37. A field electron emission device according to claim 22, comprising a cathode which is optically translucent and is so arranged in relation to an anode that electrons emitted from the cathode impinge upon the anode to cause electro-luminescence at the anode, which electro-luminescence is visible through the optically translucent cathode. 38. A field electron emission material formed of a material comprising layers of atoms in which the inter-layer spacing has been expanded, the electrically conductive material being at least partly coated with an electrically insulating material to form a MIV or MIMIV structure, wherein said layers are crystalline and turbostratic. 39. A field electron emitter formed from a field emission material according to claim 38, and arranged to serve as a cathode in a field electron emission device. 40. A field electron emitter according to claim 39, arranged to emit electrons without the application of heat. 41. A field electron emission device comprising a field electron emitter according to claim 39, and means for applying an electric field to said field emission material, thereby to cause said material to emit electrons. 42. A field electron emission material formed of a material comprising layers of atoms in which the inter-layer spacing has been expanded, the electrically conductive material being at least party coated with an electrically insulating material to form a MIV or MIMIV structure, wherein said expanded layered material is disposed upon a planar substrate and said layers are oriented substantially perpendicular to the plane of said substrate. 43. A field electron emitter formed from a field emission material according to claim 42, and arranged to serve as a cathode in a field electron emission device. 44. A field electron emitter according to claim 43, arranged to emit electrons without the application of heat. 45. A field electron emission device comprising a field electron emitter according to claim 43, and means for applying an electric field to said field emission material, thereby to cause said material to emit electrons. 46. A field electron emission material formed of a material comprising layers of atoms in which the inter-layer spacing has been expanded, the electrically conductive material being at least partly coated with an electrically insulating material to form a MIV or MIMIV structure, wherein said layered material has been expanded by an intercalant that has been introduced between layers of the material, which intercalant no longer resides in the material. 47. A field electron emitter formed from a field emission material according to claim 46, and arranged to serve as a cathode in a field electron emission device. 48. A field electron emitter according to claim 47, arranged to emit electrons without the application of heat. 49. A field electron emission device comprising a field electron emitter according to claim 47, and means for applying an electric field to said field emission material, thereby to cause said material to emit electrons. 50. A field electron emission material formed of a material comprising layers of atoms in which the inter-layer spacing has been expanded, the electrically conductive material being at least partly coated with an electrically insulating material to form a MIV or MIMIV structure, wherein an intercalant has been introduced between layers of the material, after expansion of the material. 51. A field electron emitter formed from a field emission material according to claim 50, and arranged to serve as a cathode in a field electron emission device. 52. A field electron emitter according to claim 51, arranged to emit electrons without the application of heat. 53. A field electron emission device comprising a field electron emitter according to claim 51, and means for applying an electric field to said field emission material, thereby to cause said material to emit electrons.
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