In a method for the combustion of a fuel, a fuel or a premixed combustible mixture is introduced into a combustion space as a combustible fluid open jet. The velocity of the open jet is selected in such a way that it is impossible for a stable flame front to form, i.e. is in any event greater than t
In a method for the combustion of a fuel, a fuel or a premixed combustible mixture is introduced into a combustion space as a combustible fluid open jet. The velocity of the open jet is selected in such a way that it is impossible for a stable flame front to form, i.e. is in any event greater than the flame front velocity, and that, on account of a jet pump effect, flue gas is mixed into the combustible fluid jet from the combustion chamber in a jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion chamber. The admixed flue gas dilutes and heats the combustible fluid. The heating causes the spontaneous ignition temperature to be exceeded, and a low-pollutant volumetric flame is formed in a highly dilute atmosphere.
대표청구항▼
What is claimed is: 1. A method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the grou
What is claimed is: 1. A method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet has a flow velocity greater than a flame front velocity of the combustible fluid, such that formation of a stable flame front is avoided and the combustible fluid open jet will entrain flue gas surrounding the combustible fluid open jet in accordance with the jet pump principle, whereby at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least a majority of the flue gas which is admixed with the combustible fluid is admixed with the combustible fluid open jet through the jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein substantially all the flue gas which is admixed to the combustible fluid is admixed to the combustible fluid open jet through the jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space. 4. A method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; and wherein mass flow of the recirculated flue gas corresponds to at least 100% of mass flow in the open jet. 5. A method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; and wherein mass flow of the recirculated flue gas corresponds to between 100% and 150% of mass flow in the open jet. 6. A method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; and wherein combustible fluid with a first air/fuel ratio is introduced via at least one central first entry nozzle, and combustible fluid with a second air/fuel ratio is introduced via at least one second entry nozzle, the second air/fuel ratio being different than the first air/fuel ratio. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the air/fuel ratios are altered during operation as a function of operating conditions selected from the group consisting of total burner air/fuel ratio and total combustible fluid mass flow. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the entirety of fluid jets emerging from the nozzles has an average air/fuel ratio, wherein a premixed combustible mixture with an air/fuel ratio which is less than the average air/fuel ratio is introduced via the first entry nozzle and an oxidizing agent is introduced via at least one further entry nozzle, wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of air and a mixture with an air/fuel ratio which is more than the average air/fuel ratio. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein a premixed fuel-rich combustible mixture with an air/fuel ratio of less than 1 is introduced via the first entry nozzle and an oxidizing agent is introduced via at least one further entry nozzle, wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of air and a low-fuel combustible mixture with an air/fuel ratio of more than 1. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the premixed fuel-rich combustible mixture has an air/fuel ratio less than 0.6. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the premixed fuel-rich combustible mixture has an air/fuel ratio less than 0.3. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the low-fuel combustible mixture has an air/fuel ratio of more than 1.8. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the low-fuel combustible mixture has an air/fuel ratio of more than 3. 14. The method of claim 6, wherein the entirety of fluid jets emerging from the nozzles has an average air/fuel ratio, wherein an oxidizing agent is introduced via the first entry nozzle and a combustible mixture with an air/fuel ratio which is lower than the average air/fuel ratio is introduced via at least one further entry nozzle, and wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of air and a premixed mixture with an air/fuel ratio which is more than the average air/fuel ratio. 15. The method of claim 6, wherein an oxidizing agent is introduced via the first entry nozzle and a fuel-rich combustible mixture with an air/fuel ratio of less than 1 is introduced via at least one further entry nozzle, wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of air and a premixed low-fuel combustible mixture with an air/fuel ratio of more than 1. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the premixed low-fuel combustible mixture has an air/fuel ratio of more than 1.8. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the premixed low-fuel combustible mixture has an air/fuel ratio of more than 3. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the fuel-rich combustible mixture has an air/fuel ratio of less than 0.6. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the fuel-rich combustible mixture has an air/fuel ratio of less than 0.3. 20. The method of claim 6, wherein a low-fuel mixture with an air/fuel ratio of more than 1 is introduced via the first entry nozzle and pure oxidizing agent is introduced via at least one further entry nozzle. 21. The method of claim 6, wherein a low-fuel mixture with an air/fuel ratio of more than 1 is introduced via the first entry nozzle and an extremely low-fuel mixture which is no longer combustible is introduced via at least one further entry nozzle. 22. A method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; and wherein the combustible fluid fed to at least one entry nozzle is fed in a manner selected from the group consisting of pulsed, cyclical, and oscillating, and wherein at least one discontinuous combustible fluid jet is generated as a result of the manner that the combustible fluid is fed. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein a swirl is imparted to the combustible fluid open jet in at least one entry nozzle. 24. A method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; wherein a swirl is imparted to the combustible fluid open jet in at least one entry nozzle; and wherein the swirl has a swirl number of less than 0.5. 25. A method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; wherein a swirl is imparted to the combustible fluid open jet in at least one entry nozzle; and wherein the swirl has a swirl number of less than 0.4. 26. A method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; wherein a swirl is imparted to the combustible fluid open jet in at least one entry nozzle; and wherein an oppositely directed swirl is imparted to the combustible fluid open jets of at least two entry nozzles arranged adjacent to one another. 27. An apparatus for carrying out the method of claim 1, the apparatus comprising: a burner of the combustion chamber of the gas turboset comprising the at least one entry nozzle with a fluid feed connected thereto, a front plate, and at least one opening arranged in the front plate, wherein the at least one nozzle is arranged at the at least one opening. 28. An apparatus for carrying out a method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, the method comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; wherein the apparatus comprises: a burner of the combustion chamber of the gas turboset comprising the at least one entry nozzle with a fluid feed connected thereto, a front plate, and at least one opening arranged in the front plate; wherein the at least one nozzle is arranged at the at least one opening; and wherein the at least one entry nozzle comprises at least one central first nozzle which is surrounded by a second nozzle arranged so as to run substantially concentrically around the first nozzle. 29. An apparatus for carrying out a method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, the method comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; wherein the apparatus comprises: a burner of the combustion chamber of the gas turboset comprising the at least one entry nozzle with a fluid feed connected thereto, a front plate, and at least one opening arranged in the front plate; wherein the at least one nozzle is arranged at the at least one opening; and wherein the at least one entry nozzle comprises at least one central first nozzle and a plurality of further nozzles distributed concentrically around the first nozzle. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the fluid feed to the at least one entry nozzle comprises at least two fluid feeds which can be supplied with fluid independently of one another. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the at least two fluid feeds each comprise a combustible fluid mixing apparatus for mixing fuel and oxidizing agent, each of the combustible fluid mixing apparatuses independently controllable from one another in such a manner that air/fuel ratio of the combustible fluid fed to each of the nozzles can be set independently of one another. 32. The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising at least one actuator for adjusting mass flow arranged in each of the fluid feeds, the actuators independently controllable from one another in such a manner that the mass flow and exit momentum of an open jet emerging from each of the nozzles can be set independently of one another. 33. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein at least one nozzle comprises a swirl generator. 34. An apparatus for carrying out a method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, the method comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; wherein the apparatus comprises: a burner of the combustion chamber of the gas turboset comprising the at least one entry nozzle with a fluid feed connected thereto, a front plate, and at least one opening arranged in the front plate; wherein the at least one nozzle is arranged at the at least one opening; wherein at least one nozzle comprises a swirl generator; and wherein the swirl generator is configured to be variable so as to alter a swirl number which is generated. 35. An apparatus for carrying out a method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, the method comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; wherein the apparatus comprises: a burner of the combustion chamber of the gas turboset comprising the at least one entry nozzle with a fluid feed connected thereto, a front plate, and at least one opening arranged in the front plate; wherein the at least one nozzle is arranged at the at least one opening; and wherein at least two adjacent nozzles comprise swirl generators for generating swirls in opposite directions. 36. An apparatus for carrying out a method for combustion of a fuel, in particular in a combustion chamber of a gas turboset, the method comprising: introducing a combustible fluid into a combustion space through at least one entry nozzle to form a combustible fluid open jet, the combustible fluid selected from the group consisting of a fuel and a combustible mixture; admixing recirculated flue gas from the combustion space to the combustible fluid open jet in order to dilute the open jet and increase temperature of the open jet; wherein the increase in temperature is such that the combustible fluid which has been diluted is brought to a temperature which leads to spontaneous ignition thereof; and wherein flow of the combustible fluid open jet is such that at least part of the flue gas is admixed into the combustible fluid open jet through jet-induced recirculation internally within the combustion space; wherein the apparatus comprises: a burner of the combustion chamber of the gas turboset comprising the at least one entry nozzle with a fluid feed connected thereto, a front plate, and at least one opening arranged in the front plate; wherein the at least one nozzle is arranged at the at least one opening; and wherein at least two nozzles comprise different passage cross sections. 37. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein at least one nozzle comprises a non-circular passage cross section.
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