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A positioning system includes a passive, isotropic reflecting landmark at a fixed position and a device. The device transmits an electromagnetic pulse having a circular polarization and receives a return signal over a period of time. The return signal includes a reflected pulse from the reflecting l

A positioning system includes a passive, isotropic reflecting landmark at a fixed position and a device. The device transmits an electromagnetic pulse having a circular polarization and receives a return signal over a period of time. The return signal includes a reflected pulse from the reflecting landmark. The processes the return signal to isolate the reflected pulse from the return signal and to determine a range from the device to the reflecting landmark. The reflecting landmark includes a first passive reflector, a second passive reflector, and a static structure configured to statically position the second passive reflector at an angle relative to the first passive reflector. The device optionally moves in a particular direction while receiving the return signal, detects a Doppler shift in the reflected pulse portion of the return signal, and determines an angle between the particular direction and a straight line between the device and the landmark.

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What is claimed is: 1. A method of determining the position of a device relative to a landmark, comprising: transmitting a pulse from the device, the pulse having a particular polarization; receiving a return signal over a period of time, the return signal including a reflected pulse from the landm

What is claimed is: 1. A method of determining the position of a device relative to a landmark, comprising: transmitting a pulse from the device, the pulse having a particular polarization; receiving a return signal over a period of time, the return signal including a reflected pulse from the landmark, the receiving including preferentially receiving signals having the particular polarization; and processing the return signal so as to isolate the reflected pulse from the return signal and to determine a range from the device to the landmark; wherein the reflected pulse from the landmark has a polarization substantially the same as the particular polarization, and the return signal includes components not having the particular polarization; and wherein the method includes transmitting the pulse at a first position of the device, separating the received return signal into multiple portions, and determining from the multiple portions a first plurality of range candidates, each range candidate representing a possible range to the landmark. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular polarization is a circular polarization. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular polarization is selected from the group consisting of right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). 4. The method of claim 1, including using a same circularly polarized antenna for both the transmitting and receiving. 5. The method of claim 1, including: moving the device in a particular direction, at a velocity, while performing the receiving step; detecting a Doppler shift in the reflected pulse portion of the return signal; and determining an angle between the particular direction and a straight line between the device and the landmark as a function of the detected Doppler shift. 6. The method of claim 1, including: transmitting the pulse at a second position of the device and determining from the received return signal a second set of range candidates; and processing the first and second sets of range candidates to produce a reduced set of range candidates that are consistent with one or more potential landmark positions. 7. The method of claim 1, including: transmitting the pulse at a plurality of additional positions of the device and determining from the received return signal a plurality of additional sets of range candidates; and processing the first and additional sets of range candidates to produce a reduced set of range candidates that are consistent with one or more potential landmark positions. 8. The method of claim 1, including repeating the transmitting and receiving a plurality of times and combining the resulting return signals to produce a representative return signal, wherein the processing step processes the representative return signal. 9. The method of claim 1, including repeating the transmitting and receiving a plurality of times while the device remains at substantially a single location, and combining the resulting return signals to produce a representative return signal, wherein the processing step processes the representative return signal. 10. A method of determining the position of a device relative to a landmark, comprising: transmitting a pulse from the device, the pulse having a particular polarization; receiving a return signal over a period of time, the return signal including a reflected pulse from the landmark, the receiving including preferentially receiving signals having the particular polarization; and processing the return signal so as to isolate the reflected pulse from the return signal and to determine a range from the device to the landmark; wherein the reflected pulse from the landmark has a polarization substantially the same as the particular polarization, and the return signal includes components not having the particular polarization; wherein: the transmitting includes transmitting the pulse multiple times, each transmission of the pulse having a respective transmission beam pattern with a null over a different respective range of angles; the processing including: determining from the return signals from the multiple pulse transmissions a first set of range candidates, each range candidate representing a possible range to the landmark, each range candidate having an associated range of angles, and analyzing the range of angles associated with each range candidate to produce a reduced set of range candidates that are consistent with one or more potential landmark positions. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the null in the respective transmission beam pattern is less than 15�� wide. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the transmitting includes transmitting using at least two antennas driven by substantially identical signals having a phase difference, the phase difference controlling the range of angles of the null. 13. A method of determining the position of a device relative to a landmark, comprising: transmitting a pulse from the device, the pulse having a particular polarization; receiving a return signal over a period of time, the return signal including a reflected pulse from the landmark, the receiving including preferentially receiving signals having the particular polarization; and processing the return signal so as to isolate the reflected pulse from the return signal and to determine a range from the device to the landmark; wherein the reflected pulse from the landmark has a polarization substantially the same as the particular polarization, and the return signal includes components not having the particular polarization; wherein: the transmitting includes transmitting a series of pulses; the receiving includes (A) receiving the series of pulses at a plurality of distinct locations having a predefined separation distance therebetween and generating a series of received pulse data sets corresponding to at least a subset of the received pulses, each received pulse data set having received pulse data from receiving a respective pulse at each two or more of the plurality of distinct locations, and (B) combining the pulse data within each pulse data set to produce a combined return signal having a receive pattern null in an associated range of angles; the processing including: determining from the combined return signals a first set of range candidates, each range candidate representing a possible range to the landmark, and determining for each range candidate angle-related signal strength data comprising a plurality of amplitude values associated with a respective plurality of angle ranges; and analyzing the angle-related signal strength data associated with at least one of the range candidates to produce a reduced set of range candidates that are consistent with one or more potential landmark positions. 14. A method of determining the position of a device relative to a landmark, comprising: transmitting a pulse from the device, the pulse having a particular polarization; receiving a return signal over a period of time, the return signal including a reflected pulse from the landmark, the receiving including preferentially receiving signals having the particular polarization; and processing the return signal so as to isolate the reflected pulse from the return signal and to determine a range from the device to the landmark; wherein the reflected pulse from the landmark has a polarization substantially the same as the particular polarization, and the return signal includes components not having the particular polarization; wherein: the receiving includes receiving the pulse at a plurality of distinct locations having a predefined separation distance therebetween and generating received pulse data for at least two of the plurality of distinct locations at which the pulse is received; combining the received pulse data multiple times, using a plurality of phase offsets, to produce multiple combined return signals, each having a receive pattern null in an associated range of angles; the processing includes determining from the combined return signals a first set of range candidates, each range candidate representing a possible range to the landmark, and determining for each range candidate angle-related signal strength data comprising a plurality of amplitude values associated with a respective plurality of angle ranges; and analyzing the angle-related signal strength data associated with at least one of the range candidates to produce a reduced set of range candidates that are consistent with one or more potential landmark positions. 15. A positioning system, comprising a passive, isotropic reflecting landmark at a fixed position; and a device configured to transmit an electromagnetic pulse, the pulse having a particular polarization; the device further configured to receive a return signal over a period of time, the return signal including a reflected pulse from the landmark, and to process the return signal so as to isolate the reflected pulse from the return signal and to determine a range from the device to the landmark; wherein the reflecting landmark is configured to reflect the electromagnetic pulse so as to produce the reflected pulse with a polarization substantially the same as the particular polarization; and and wherein the device is configured to transmit the pulse at a first position of the device, to separate the received return signal into multiple portions, and to determine from the multiple portions a first plurality of range candidates, each range candidate representing a possible range to the landmark.