초록 ▼

A method for combusting a combustible fuel includes providing a vessel having an opening near a proximate end and a closed distal end defining a combustion chamber. A combustible reactants mixture is presented into the combustion chamber. The combustible reactants mixture is ignited creating a flame

A method for combusting a combustible fuel includes providing a vessel having an opening near a proximate end and a closed distal end defining a combustion chamber. A combustible reactants mixture is presented into the combustion chamber. The combustible reactants mixture is ignited creating a flame and combustion products. The closed end of the combustion chamber is utilized for directing combustion products toward the opening of the combustion chamber creating a reverse flow of combustion products within the combustion chamber. The reverse flow of combustion products is intermixed with combustible reactants mixture to maintain the flame.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. A method of combusting reactants including a fuel and an oxidizer, comprising the actions of: a. directing the reactants from a nozzle into a combustion chamber so that a fuel flow is surrounded and shielded by a concentric oxidizer flow; b. igniting the reactants to initiate

What is claimed is: 1. A method of combusting reactants including a fuel and an oxidizer, comprising the actions of: a. directing the reactants from a nozzle into a combustion chamber so that a fuel flow is surrounded and shielded by a concentric oxidizer flow; b. igniting the reactants to initiate combustion in the combustion chamber, thereby generating a flame and combustion products; c. reducing velocity of the reactants inside the combustion chamber so as to anchor part of the flame relative to the combustion chamber adjacent to a stagnation zone; d. mixing a portion of combustion products with the oxidizer flow in a non-combusted portion of the reactants between the nozzle and the flame by redirecting the combustion products so as to flow coaxially outside of the oxidizer flow, in a direction counter thereto, so that the combustion products come in contact with the oxidizer flow, thereby forming a shear layer between the combustion products and the oxidizer flow and so that combustion products mix with the oxidizer flow in the shear layer, thereby maintaining combustion of the reactants at a temperature that is lower than would be obtained if the portion of the combustion products were not mixed with the oxidizer flow; and e. exhausting the combustion products coaxially about the reactants flowing into the combustion chamber in a direction that is opposite to the reactants flowing into the combustion chamber. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the action of preheating the reactants by directing hot gasses leaving the combustion chamber about at least one pipe supplying the reactants to the nozzle. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the action of maintaining flow rates of the reactants so that combustion mostly occurs at a temperature that is less than 1750K. 4. An apparatus for combusting reactants including a fuel and an oxidizer, which have been ignited so as to generate a flame and create combustion products, the apparatus comprising: a. a combustion chamber having an open proximal end and an opposite distal end, an end wall disposed at the distal end, the combustion chamber configured so that the combustion products are exhausted coaxially about the reactants flowing into the combustion chamber in a direction that is opposite to the reactants flowing into the combustion chamber; and b. a nozzle that is configured to direct a fuel flow and an oxidizer flow into the combustion chamber so that the oxidizer flow shields the fuel flow, the end wall of the combustion chamber being configured to reduce a velocity of the reactants inside the combustion chamber so as to anchor part of the flame relative to the combustion chamber adjacent to a stagnation zone and to redirect the combustion products so as to flow coaxially outside of the fuel flow and the oxidizer flow, in a direction counter thereto, so that the combustion products come in contact with a non-combusted portion of the fuel flow and the oxidizer flow, thereby forming a shear layer between the combustion products and the non-combusted portion and so that a portion of the combustion products mix with the oxidizer in the shear layer, thereby maintaining combustion of the reactants at a temperature that is lower than would be obtained if the portion of the combustion products were not mixed with the oxidizer in the shear layer. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the proximal end of the combustion chamber is configured to direct hot gasses leaving the combustion chamber about at least one pipe supplying the reactants to the nozzle thereby preheating the reactants. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the nozzle is configured to maintain a flow rate of the reactants so that combustion mostly occurs at a temperature that is less than 1750K. 7. A method of combusting reactants including a fuel and an oxidizer, comprising the actions of: a. premixing the reactants so as to generate premixed reactants; b. directing the premixed reactants from a nozzle into a combustion chamber, thereby generating an incoming reactant flow; c. igniting the reactants to initiate combustion in the combustion chamber, thereby generating a flame and combustion products; d. reducing velocity of the reactants inside the combustion chamber so as to anchor part of the flame relative to the combustion chamber adjacent to a stagnation zone; e. mixing a portion of combustion products with a non-combusted portion of the incoming reactant flow by redirecting the combustion products so as to flow coaxially outside of the reactant flow, in a direction counter thereto, so that the combustion products come in contact with the non-combusted portion, thereby forming a shear layer between the combustion products and the non-combusted portion and so that combustion products mix with the non-combusted portion of the incoming reactant flow in the shear layer, thereby maintaining combustion of the reactants at a temperature that is lower than would be obtained if the portion of the combustion products were not mixed with the oxidizer flow; and f. exhausting the combustion products coaxially about the reactants flowing into the combustion chamber in a direction that is opposite to the reactants flowing into the combustion chamber. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the action of preheating the reactants by directing hot gasses leaving the combustion chamber about at least one pipe supplying the reactants to the nozzle. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising the action of maintaining flow rates of the reactants so that combustion mostly occurs at a temperature that is less than 1750K. 10. An apparatus for combusting reactants including a fuel and an oxidizer, which have been ignited so as to generate a flame and create combustion products, the apparatus comprising: a. a combustion chamber having an open proximal end and an opposite distal end, an end wall disposed at the distal end, the combustion chamber configured so that the combustion products are exhausted coaxially about the reactants flowing into the combustion chamber in a direction that is opposite to the reactants flowing into the combustion chamber; and b. a nozzle that is configured to premix the reactants and to direct the reactants into the combustion chamber, thereby generating in incoming reactants flow, the end wall of the combustion chamber being configured to reduce a velocity of the reactants inside the combustion chamber so as to anchor part of the flame relative to the combustion chamber adjacent to a stagnation zone and to redirect the combustion products so as to flow coaxially outside of the reactant flow, in a direction counter thereto, so that the combustion products come in contact with a non-combusted portion of the reactant flow, thereby forming a shear layer between the combustion products and the non-combusted portion and so that combustion products mix with the non-combusted portion of the incoming reactant flow in the shear layer, thereby maintaining combustion of the reactants at a temperature that is lower than would be obtained if the portion of the combustion products were not mixed with the oxidizer flow. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the proximal end of the combustion chamber is configured to direct hot gasses leaving the combustion chamber about at least one pipe supplying the reactants to the nozzle thereby preheating the reactants. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the nozzle is configured to maintain a flow rate of the reactants so that combustion mostly occurs at a temperature that is less than 1750K.