초록 ▼

A protective glove having a protective function against toxic chemical agents, especially chemical warfare agents, and a multilayer construction including a breathable layer is disclosed. The glove has a support layer and a barrier layer, which is assigned to the support layer and which faces the ha

A protective glove having a protective function against toxic chemical agents, especially chemical warfare agents, and a multilayer construction including a breathable layer is disclosed. The glove has a support layer and a barrier layer, which is assigned to the support layer and which faces the hand when the glove is worn, prevents or at least retards the passage of toxic chemical agents, and contains an adsorption layer based on an adsorbent material, such as activated carbon, which adsorbs toxic chemical agents. The barrier layer has, in addition to the adsorption layer, a membrane, which is at least preferably impermeable to water and air, but permeable to water vapor, and which retards the passage of toxic chemical agents or is at least essentially impermeable to toxic chemical agents. The membrane is arranged between the support layer and the adsorption layer. The protective glove has a high degree of wearing comfort with good tactility properties and at the same time provides excellent protection against toxic chemical agents.

대표청구항 ▼

I claim: 1. Protective handwear with a protective function against toxic chemical agents, said protective handwear having a multilayer construction, at least a part of which is breathable in that it is selectively able to allow passage therethrough of certain substances, said protective handwear co

I claim: 1. Protective handwear with a protective function against toxic chemical agents, said protective handwear having a multilayer construction, at least a part of which is breathable in that it is selectively able to allow passage therethrough of certain substances, said protective handwear comprising: a.) an outer support layer, which is farthest from a hand of a wearer when the protective handwear is being worn; and b.) an inner barrier layer, which is at least partially resistant to the passage of toxic chemical agents therethrough, and which is arranged adjacent to said outer support layer, such that said inner barrier layer is nearest to the hand of the wearer when the protective handwear is being worn; said inner barrier layer comprising: i.) an adsorption layer, containing an adsorbent material, capable of adsorbing toxic chemical agents; and ii.) a membrane, which is at least partially impermeable to the passage of air, liquid water, and toxic chemical agents therethrough, and which is at least partially permeable to the passage of water vapor therethrough, wherein said membrane is arranged between said outer support layer and said adsorption layer so that a side of said membrane facing the hand of the wearer is covered by said adsorption layer; and c.) a second support layer arranged between said membrane and said outer support layer, said second support layer comprising a textile material having a lower weight per unit area than said outer support layer and being joined to said membrane by a discontinuously applied adhesive so that said membrane is supported and stabilized by said second support layer. 2. protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said adsorbent material of said adsorption layer is activated carbon. 3. The protective handwear according to claim 2, wherein said activated carbon is discontinuously formed and is in a form selected from the group consisting of: particles and fibers. 4. The protective handwear according to claim 3, wherein when said activated carbon is in the form of particles, said particles are in a shape selected from the group consisting of: granular; and spherical. 5. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane and said adsorption layer are joined together by an adhesive. 6. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said second support layer is an air-permeable textile material selected from the group consisting of: a woven fabric; a hand-knitted fabric; a machine-knitted fabric; a layered fabric; a bonded fabric; and a nonwoven fabric. 7. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein the weight per unit area of said second support layer is less than 60 g/m2. 8. The protective handwear according to claim 1, further comprising: a cover layer affixed to a side of said adsorption layer that faces the hand of the wearer when said protective handwear is being worn and faces away from said membrane. 9. The protective handwear according to claim 8, wherein said cover layer is an air-permeable textile material, selected from the group consisting of: a woven fabric; a hand-knitted fabric; a machine-knitted fabric; a layered fabric; a non-woven fabric; and a bonded fabric; and wherein said cover layer is abrasion-resistant and has a weight per unit area of 5-150 g/m2. 10. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said adhesive is applied discontinuously such that it covers only a maximum of 30% of a side of said membrane that faces away from a hand of a wearer when said handwear is being worn. 11. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane and said adsorption layer are bonded together by an adhesive. 12. The protective handwear according to claim 11, wherein said adhesive is applied discontinuously, and at least 50% of a side of said membrane that faces a hand of a wearer when said protective handwear is being worn and faces away from said outer support layer, is covered with said adsorbent material of said adsorption layer. 13. The protective handwear according to claim 11, wherein said membrane is self-adhesive, and is said adhesive for bonding said membrane and said adsorption layer. 14. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein all of said outer support layer, said barrier layer, and said second support layer form a composite. 15. The protective handwear according to claim 1, which is a five-fingered glove. 16. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said outer support layer is leather or an air-permeable textile material selected from the group consisting of: a woven fabric; a hand-knitted fabric; a machine-knitted fabric; a layered fabric; a bonded fabric; and a nonwoven fabric. 17. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said outer support layer is leather. 18. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said outer support layer is rendered at least one of oleophobic and hydrophobic by impregnation, respectively, with an oleophobic and a hydrophobic substance and said outer support layer has a weight per unit area of 50-300 g/m2. 19. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein when said outer support layer is an air permeable textile cloth having a weight per unit area of 75-250g/m2. 20. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane is continuous, and is one of closed and microporous, said membrane having a thickness of 1-500 μm, a water vapor permeability, at 25�� C., and at a thickness of 50 μm, of at least 12.5 L/m2 per 24 hours; and wherein said protective handwear has a water vapor permeability of at least 10 L/m2 per 24 hours, at 25�� C. and at a membrane thickness of 50 μm. 21. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein, under steady-state conditions at 35�� C. and at a thickness of 50 μm, said membrane has a water-vapor resistance Ret of a maximum of 25 (m2��pascal)/watt; and said protective handwear has a water vapor resistance Ret of a maximum of 30 (m2��pascal)/watt. 22. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane has a water swelling or water absorption capacity that is a maximum of 35%, based on the weight of the membrane, and wherein said membrane is at least partially impermeable to liquids and aerosols. 23. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane is essentially devoid of strongly hydrophilic groups. 24. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane is one of a plastic and a polymer. 25. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane is selected from the group consisting of: polyurethanes; polyether amides; polyester amides; polytetrafluoroethylenes; cellulose-based polymers; and derivatives of the foregoing. 26. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane comprises a material obtained as the reaction product of the reaction of an isocyanate with an isocyanate-reactive cross-linking agent. 27. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane is comprised of one of a polyurethane and a polytetrafluoroethylene. 28. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane is formed as one selected from the group consisting of: a multilayer laminate and a multilayer composite. 29. The protective handwear according to claim 28, wherein said membrane comprises: a core layer, and two outer layers bonded to said core layer; and wherein said core layer and each of said two outer layers each has a thickness of 1-100 μm. 30. The protective handwear according to claim 29, wherein said two outer layers are bonded to said core layer such that there is an outer layer on either side of said core layer. 31. The protective handwear according to claim 29, wherein said core layer comprises a cellulose-based polymer; and said two outer layers are comprised of one selected from the group consisting of: a polyurethane, a polyether amide, and a polyester amide. 32. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane comprises two pieces of material, each of said two pieces of material having the shape of a hand with five fingers, such that one of said two pieces of material covers a ventral (palm) side of a hand, and said other piece of material covers a dorsal (back of hand) side of the hand, with said two pieces of material being joined together along an outer contour of said pieces of material, by one of adhesive bonding and heat sealing, to form a sealed structure. 33. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said adsorption layer is discontinuously formed by discrete particles of adsorbent material. 34. The protective handwear according to claim 33, wherein said discrete particles are activated carbon particles having a mean diameter at least 0.1 mm and less than 1.0 mm, which are applied to said membrane in an amount of 5-500 g/m2, have a specific surface (BET) of 800 to 1,500 m2/g; and a bursting pressure of individual ones of said activated carbon particles of at least 5 newtons. 35. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said adsorption layer comprises activated carbon fibers in the form of an activated carbon cloth, selected from the group consisting of: an activated carbon woven fabric; an activated carbon knitted fabric; an activated carbon layered fabric; an activated carbon bonded fabric; and an activated carbon nonwoven fabric, said selected activated carbon cloth having a weight per unit area of 20-200 g/m2. 36. The protective handwear according to claim 35, wherein said activated carbon cloth is made from one of activated carbonized cellulose and activated carbonized acrylonitriles. 37. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said adsorption layer is impregnated with at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of enzymes and metal ions, wherein said metal ions are ions of a metal selected from the group consisting of: copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, zinc, and mercury; and wherein said catalyst is present in an amount 0.05 to 12wt.%, based on the weight of said adsorption layer. 38. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said adsorption layer is at least 50% accessible to said toxic chemical agents to be adsorbed. 39. The protective handwear according to claim 1, wherein said membrane has a barrier effect against toxic chemical agents up to a maximum of 4 μg/cm2 per 24hours, at a membrane thickness of 50 μm. 40. Protective handwear with a protective function against toxic chemical agents, said protective handwear having a multilayer construction, at least a part of which is breathable in that it is selectively able to allow passage therethrough of certain substances, said protective handwear comprising: a.) an outer support layer, which is farthest from a hand of a wearer when the protective handwear is being worn; b.) an inner barrier layer, which is at least partially resistant to the passage of toxic chemical agents therethrough, and which is arranged adjacent to said outer support layer, such that said inner barrier layer is nearest to the hand of the wearer when the protective handwear is being worn; said inner barrier layer comprising: i.) an adsorption layer, containing an adsorbent material, capable of adsorbing toxic chemical agents; and ii.) a membrane, which is at least partially impermeable to the passage of air, liquid water, and toxic chemical agents therethrough, and which is at least partially permeable to the passage of water vapor therethrough wherein said membrane is arranged between said support layer and said adsorption layer so that a side of said membrane facing the hand of the wearer is covered by said adsorption layer and wherein said protective handwear has a barrier effect against toxic chemical agents up to a maximum of 4 μg/cm2 per 24 hours at a membrane thickness of 50 μm; and c.) a second support layer arranged between said membrane and said outer support layer, said second support layer comprising a textile material having a lower weight per unit area than said outer support layer and being joined to said membrane by a discontinuously applied adhesive so that said membrane is supported and stabilized by said second support layer. 41. Protective handwear with a protective function against toxic chemical agents, said protective handwear having a multilayer construction, at least a part of which is breathable in that it is selectively able to allow passage therethrough of certain substances, said protective handwear comprising: a.) an outer support layer, which is farthest from a hand of a wearer when the protective handwear is being worn; b.) an inner barrier layer, which is at least partially resistant to the passage of toxic chemical agents therethrough, and which is arranged adjacent to said outer support layer, such that said inner barrier layer is nearest to the hand of the wearer when the protective handwear is being worn; said inner barrier layer comprising: i.) an adsorption layer, containing an adsorbent material, capable of adsorbing toxic chemical agents; and ii.) a membrane, which is at least partially impermeable to the passage of air, liquid water, and toxic chemical agents therethrough, and which is at least partially permeable to the passage of water vapor therethrough, wherein said membrane is arranged between said support layer and said adsorption layer so that a side of said membrane facing the hand of the wearer is covered by said adsorption layer and wherein said protective handwear has a water vapor permeability of at least 10 L/m2 per 24 hours at 25�� C. and at a membrane thickness of 50 μm; and c.) a second support layer arranged between said membrane and said outer support layer, said second support layer comprising a textile material having a lower weight per unit area than said outer support layer and being joined to said membrane by a discontinuously applied adhesive so that said membrane is supported and stabilized by said second support layer. 42. Protective handwear with a protective function against toxic chemical agents, said protective handwear having a multilayer construction, at least a part of which is breathable in that it is selectively able to allow passage therethrough of certain substances, said protective handwear comprising: a.) an outer support layer, which is farthest from a hand of a wearer when the protective handwear is being worn; b.) an inner barrier layer, which is at least partially resistant to the passage of toxic chemical agents therethrough, and which is arranged adjacent to said outer support layer, such that said inner barrier layer is nearest to the hand of the wearer when the protective handwear is being worn; said inner barrier layer comprising: i.) an adsorption layer, containing an adsorbent material, capable of adsorbing toxic chemical agents; and ii.) a membrane, which is at least partially impermeable to the passage of air, liquid water, and toxic chemical agents therethrough, and which is at least partially permeable to the passage of water vapor therethrough, wherein said membrane is arranged between said support layer and said adsorption layer so that a side of said membrane facing the hand of the wearer is covered by said adsorption layer and wherein said protective handwear has a water vapor resistance Ret of a maximum of 30 (m2��pascal)/watt under steady-state conditions at 35�� C. and a membrane thickness of 50 μm; and c.) a second support layer arranged between said membrane and said outer support layer, said second support layer comprising a textile material having a lower weight per unit area than said outer support layer and being joined to said membrane by a discontinuously applied adhesive so that said membrane is supported and stabilized by said second support layer.