초록 ▼

Am image presentation system employing microstructured icon elements to form an image. In one form a synthetic optical image system is provided that includes an array of focusing elements, and an image system that includes or is formed from an array or pattern of microstructured icon elements, such

Am image presentation system employing microstructured icon elements to form an image. In one form a synthetic optical image system is provided that includes an array of focusing elements, and an image system that includes or is formed from an array or pattern of microstructured icon elements, such as those described below, wherein the microstructured icon elements are designed to collectively form an image or certain desired information, and wherein the array of focusing elements and the image system cooperate, for example through optical coupling, to form a synthetic optical image which image may optionally be magnified. In another form an image presentation system is provided that includes or is formed from an array or pattern of microstructured icon elements, such as those described below, wherein the microstructured icon elements are designed to collectively form an image or certain selected information, and wherein the image system is designed to stand alone and be the image viewed or the information read by use of a magnifying device, such as a magnifying glass or microscope, that is provided separately from the image system.

대표청구항 ▼

We claim: 1. A synthetic optical image system, comprising a) an array of image icon elements including microstructured icon elements having a physical relief; and b) an array of image icon focusing elements, the array of the image icon focusing elements being disposed in relation to the array of th

We claim: 1. A synthetic optical image system, comprising a) an array of image icon elements including microstructured icon elements having a physical relief; and b) an array of image icon focusing elements, the array of the image icon focusing elements being disposed in relation to the array of the image icon elements at a distance sufficient for at least a portion of the image icon focusing elements to form at least one synthetically magnified image of at least a portion of the image icon elements, wherein the system comprising the array of image icon elements and the array of image icon focusing elements has a thickness of less than 50 microns, or image icon focusing elements having an effective diameter of less than 50 microns, or both. 2. The synthetic optical image system of claim 1, wherein the microstructured icon elements are either incorporated into an icon layer, or in a coating layer formed on a substrate. 3. The synthetic optical image system of claim 2, wherein the microstructured icon elements are formed either as recesses or as raised areas, or both. 4. The synthetic optical image system of claim 2, wherein the microstructured icon elements are selected from one or more of asymmetric void patterns, symmetric void patterns, light trap patterns, asymmetric raised patterns, symmetric raised patterns, holographic surface relief patterns, generalized diffractive relief patterns, binary structured patterns, binary optic patterns, stepped relief patterns, random rough and pseudo-random rough patterns, nominally flat-surfaced patterns, and concave or convex patterns. 5. The synthetic optical image system of claim 2, wherein the icon layer is free standing. 6. The synthetic optical image system of claim 2, wherein the icon layer is provided on a substrate. 7. The synthetic optical image system of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the microstructured icon elements have a coating. 8. The synthetic optical image system of claim 7, wherein the coating is conformal, non-conformal, or directional. 9. The synthetic optical image system of claim 7, wherein the coating is continuous, discontinuous, or patterned. 10. The synthetic optical image system of claim 7, wherein the coating is a metal material. 11. The synthetic optical image system of claim 7, wherein the coating is laminated to the icon layer. 12. The synthetic optical image system of claim 11, wherein at least a portion of the microstructured icon elements are filled with an icon fill material prior to lamination. 13. The synthetic optical image system of claim 11, wherein at least a portion of the microstructured icon elements are coated with a coating prior to lamination. 14. The synthetic optical image system of claim 7, wherein the coating is supported by a substrate. 15. The synthetic optical image system of claim 2, wherein a portion of the microstructured icon elements forms either a positive image or a negative image or both. 16. The synthetic optical image system of claim 15, wherein a portion of the microstructured icon elements forms a color reversed image. 17. The synthetic optical image system of claim 15, wherein a portion of the microstructured icon elements forms either an image that is opaque against a transparent background or an image that is transparent against an opaque background. 18. The synthetic optical image system of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the microstructured icon elements are filled with an icon fill material. 19. The synthetic optical image system of claim 2, further including a coating material applied to at least a portion of the surface of the layer. 20. The synthetic optical image system of claim 19, wherein the coating material is conformal to the layer, non-conformal to the layer, discontinuous, patterned, unpatterned, directional, or has coated areas having different properties or materials than the layer. 21. The synthetic optical image system of claim 19, wherein the coating material is a multi-layer dielectric material and the color of the coating appears different at different viewing angles. 22. The synthetic optical image system of claim 19, further including a fill material filling at least partially at least a portion of the microstructured icons. 23. The synthetic optical image system of claim 22, wherein at least a portion of the microstructured icons are filled with different amounts of different materials. 24. The synthetic optical image system of claim 19, wherein the coating material is patterned. 25. The synthetic optical image system of claim 24, the coating material being patterned by printing, depositing a resist material on the coating and chemically etching at least a portion of the exposed coating or chemically or mechanically removing at least a portion of the resist material. 26. The synthetic optical image system of claim 19, wherein the coating material is a patterned metallized coating. 27. The synthetic optical image system of claim 19, the coating material being a hot stamp foil. 28. The synthetic optical image system of claim 27, further including a fill material coated over at least a portion of the hot stamp foil coating or applied to the icon layer so as to only fill at least a portion of a plurality of depressions in the microstructured icon elements. 29. The synthetic optical image system of claim 19, the coating material including a directional coating. 30. The synthetic optical image system of claim 29, further including a fill material filling at least partially a portion of a plurality of depressions in the microstructured icon elements. 31. The synthetic optical image system of claim 2, further including a fill material filling at least partially at least a portion of the microstructured icons. 32. The synthetic optical image system of claim 31, wherein at least a portion of the microstructured icons are filled with different amounts of different materials. 33. The synthetic optical image system of claim 2, further including an optical spacer between the array of focusing elements and the array of image icon elements. 34. The synthetic optical image system of claim 1, wherein the synthetic optical image seen by a viewer changes as the azimuthal angle of view of the image system changes. 35. The synthetic optical image system of claim 1, wherein the synthetic optical system is one or more of a micro-optic system, a synthetic magnification micro-optic image projection system, a moire magnification system, or a micro cylindrical lenticular image system. 36. The synthetic optical image system of claim 1, the array of microstructured icon elements including areas having microstructures and areas that are unstructured, and wherein the microstructured icon elements are designed to exhibit optical contrast between the microstructures and the areas of the icon array that are unstructured when the icon array is immersed in or in contact with a vacuum, a gas, a liquid or a solid. 37. The synthetic optical image system of claim 36, wherein the optical contrast arises from at least one of refraction, internal reflection, surface reflection, scattering, polarization, optical rotation, diffraction, or optical interference. 38. The synthetic optical image system of claim 1, comprising microprinting formed from the array of image icon elements and the array of focusing elements, the arrays cooperating to form a synthetic optical image. 39. The synthetic optical image system of claim 38, wherein the microprinting is used for compact information storage. 40. The synthetic optical image system of claim 38, wherein the microprinting is used for identification of currency, in a security thread for currency, documents, packaging or manufactured articles. 41. The synthetic optical image system of claim 1, the microstructured icon elements being formed from patterned coating material provided on selected portions of a substrate, the patterned coating material forming either positive or negative object patterns of the icon elements. 42. The synthetic optical image system of claim 41, further including an additional coating layer added to the patterned coating material. 43. The synthetic optical image system of claim 1, wherein the system operates as an authentication system in which the array of focusing elements is separate from the array of image icon elements and is used to read information contained in the array of image icon elements. 44. The synthetic optical image system of claim 43, wherein the array of focusing elements is formed as a sheet and the array of image icon elements is formed as a sheet and the two sheets are adapted to be optically or mechanically coupled, and the focal length of the focusing elements is greater than the thickness of the sheet including the focusing elements. 45. The synthetic optical image system of claim 44, wherein the two sheets are coupled with a coupling fluid. 46. The synthetic optical image system of claim 44, wherein the array of image icon elements is positioned on or in a surface of its sheet and the focal point of the focusing elements is at or slightly off of said surface of said image icon elements sheet when the two sheets are coupled to form a synthetic optical image, the surface of the image icon elements sheet including the microstructured icon elements designed to form the synthetically magnified image. 47. The synthetic optical image system of claim 44, wherein the image icon elements sheet is secured to or incorporated into an object as an authentication or security device. 48. A synthetic optical image system, comprising an array of focusing elements, and an image system including an array of microstructured icon elements designed to collectively form an image, wherein the array of focusing elements and the image system cooperate to form a synthetic optical image and, wherein at least a portion of the microstructured icon elements have a coating, the coating being a metal material, and wherein the metal coating material has selected portions that have been omitted. 49. A synthetic optical image system, comprising an array of focusing elements, and an image system including an array of microstructured icon elements designed to collectively form an image, wherein the array of focusing elements and the image system cooperate to form a synthetic optical image and, wherein at least a portion of the microstructured icon elements have a coating, wherein the coating is patterned and the patterned coating provides an icon image independent of the microstructured icon elements such that the patterned coating creates a first synthetic image while the microstructured icon elements create a second synthetic image. 50. The synthetic optical image system of claim 49, wherein a portion of the patterned coating forms either a positive image or a negative image. 51. The synthetic optical image system of claim 50, wherein a portion of the patterned coating forms a color reversed image. 52. The synthetic optical image system of claim 50, wherein a portion of the patterned coating forms either an image that is opaque against a transparent background or an image that is transparent against an opaque background. 53. The synthetic optical image system of claim 49, the coating material being a patterned coating material that creates a set of icon elements that collectively form an image in addition to the image collectively formed by the microstructured icon elements. 54. The synthetic optical image system of claim 49, the coating material being patterned with a geometry that does not coordinate with the geometry of the microstructured icon elements. 55. The synthetic optical image system of claim 49, the coating material carrying information different than information carried by the microstructured icon elements. 56. A synthetic optical image system, comprising an array of focusing elements, and an image system including an array of microstructured icon elements designed to collectively form an image, wherein the array of focusing elements and the image system cooperate to form a synthetic optical image and, wherein at least a portion of the microstructured icon elements have a coating, the coating being supported by a substrate, and wherein the substrate is positioned between the icon layer and the coating. 57. A synthetic optical image system, comprising an array of focusing elements, and an image system including an array of microstructured icon elements designed to collectively form an image, wherein the array of focusing elements and the image system cooperate to form a synthetic optical image and, wherein the microstructured icon elements are either incorporated into an icon layer, or in a coating layer formed on a substrate, and wherein the layer is formed of either or both of positive icon image elements in which the positive image icon elements are formed as depressions or voids in the layer and background areas in the layer are formed as raised areas in the layer or of negative icon image elements in which the negative image icon elements are formed as raised areas in the layer and background areas in the layer are formed as depressions or voids in the layer. 58. The synthetic optical image system of claim 57, wherein at least a portion of the depressions or voids are filled with a fill material having a different property than the layer material. 59. The synthetic optical image system of claim 58, wherein the fill material includes a coloring material. 60. A synthetic optical imacie system, comprising an array of focusing elements, and an image system including an array of microstructured icon elements designed to collectively form an image, wherein the array of focusing elements and the image system cooperate to form a synthetic optical image and, wherein the microstructured icon elements are either incorporated into an icon layer, or in a coating layer formed on a substrate, and a coating material is applied to at least a portion of the surface of the layer, and wherein the coating material is aluminum that is substantially transparent when viewed from a direction normal to the plane of the layer and the reflectivity of the coating increases with increasing angle of incidence so that the sides of the coated icon elements appear more reflective resulting in the appearance of a high-contrast outline of the icon elements. 61. A synthetic optical image system, comprising an array of focusing elements, and an image system including an array of microstructured icon elements designed to collectively form an image, wherein the array of focusing elements and the image system cooperate to form a synthetic optical image, wherein the system operates as an authentication system in which the array of focusing elements is separate from the array of image icon elements and is used to read information contained in the array of image icon elements; wherein the array of focusing elements is formed as a sheet and the array of image icon elements is formed as a sheet and the two sheets are adapted to be optically or mechanically coupled, and the focal length of the focusing elements is greater than the thickness of the sheet including the focusing elements; wherein the array of image icon elements is positioned on or in a surface of its sheet and the focal point of the focusing elements is at or slightly off of said surface of said image icon elements sheet when the two sheets are coupled to form a synthetic optical image, the surface of the image icon elements sheet including the microstructured icon elements designed to form the synthetically magnified image; the array of focusing elements and the array of image icon elements having a rotational symmetry and a repeat period that substantially match. 62. The synthetic optical image system of claim 61, wherein the image icon elements sheet includes multiple patterns of icon elements that form different synthetic images in cooperation with the array of focusing elements. 63. The synthetic optical image system of claim 62, wherein the different synthetic images are formed at different angles of rotation of the focusing element sheet in relation to the image icon elements sheet. 64. The synthetic optical image system of claim 62, wherein the different synthetic images are formed through use of different separate focusing element sheets, the different separate focusing element sheets having arrays of focusing elements that differ in one or more of the repeat period of the focusing element array, the focal length of the focusing elements, or their rotational symmetry. 65. The synthetic optical image system of claim 62, wherein one icon pattern has a differing repeat period or differing rotational symmetry or both from another icon element pattern. 66. The synthetic optical image system of claim 65, wherein different focusing element sheets are required to form synthetic images from the different icon element patterns. 67. The synthetic optical image system of claim 66, wherein a second focusing element sheet is placed over a first focusing element sheet to form synthetic images of two differing icon element patterns, one of the focusing element sheets having focusing elements with a different focal length than the focusing elements of the other focusing element sheet. 68. The synthetic optical image system of claim 67, wherein the first and second focusing element sheets have arrays of focusing elements that differ in one or more of the repeat period of the focusing element arrays, the focal length of the focusing elements, or their rotational symmetry. 69. The synthetic optical image system of claim 62, wherein the differing icon patterns are provided in at least two different image icon element layers. 70. The synthetic optical image system of claim 69, wherein the different image icon element layers are provided in different image icon element sheets. 71. A synthetic optical image system, comprising an array of focusing elements, and an image system including an array of microstructured icon elements designed to collectively form an image, wherein the array of focusing elements and the image system cooperate to form a synthetic optical image, wherein the system operates as an authentication system in which the array of focusing elements is separate from the array of image icon elements and is used to read information contained in the array of image icon elements; wherein the array of focusing elements is formed as a sheet and the array of image icon elements is formed as a sheet and the two sheets are adapted to be optically or mechanically coupled, and the focal length of the focusing elements is greater than the thickness of the sheet including the focusing elements; further including a surface coating on the image icon elements sheet. 72. A synthetic optical image system, comprising an array of focusing elements, and an image system including an array of microstructured icon elements designed to collectively form an image, wherein the array of focusing elements and the image system cooperate to form a synthetic optical image and, wherein the microstructured icon elements are either incorporated into an icon layer, or in a coating layer formed on a substrate, further including an optical spacer between the array of focusing elements and the array of image icon elements, wherein the thickness of the optical spacer is greater than the focal length of the focusing elements such that the synthetic optical image is not distinguishable without placing another material over the array of focusing elements, the refractive index of the another material being sufficient to change the focal length of the focusing elements to focus on the icon elements of the image system, thereby providing a synthetic optical image. 73. The synthetic optical image system of claim 72, further including different icon element layers that provide different synthetic optical images with the addition of materials having different indices of refraction. 74. The synthetic optical image system of claim 72, wherein the another material is a liquid thereby providing a wetness-indicating synthetic optical image. 75. A synthetic optical image system, comprising an array of focusing elements, and an image system including an array of microstructured icon elements designed to collectively form an image, wherein the array of focusing elements and the image system cooperate to form a synthetic optical image incorporated into currency or into a security thread for currency. 76. Image icons for use in a synthetic magnification optical system, the synthetic magnification optical system including: (a) an array of image icons; and (b) an array of image icon focusing elements, wherein the array of image icon focusing elements is disposed in relation to the array of image icons at a distance and in a manner sufficient for the image focusing elements to form at least one synthetically magnified image of at least a portion of the image icons; the image icons including image icons formed as recesses in a substrate, the recesses forming voids that are optionally filled with a material providing a contrast with the substrate. 77. The image icons of claim 76, wherein the image icons are filled with at least one of a material having a different refractive index than the substrate, a dyed material, a metal, or a pigmented material. 78. The image icons of claim 76, wherein the synthetic magnification optical system is incorporated in a security or authentication device. 79. The image icons of claim 78, wherein the voids are filled with a material having a different refractive index than the substrate, a dyed material, a metal, or a pigmented material. 80. The image icons of claim 76, wherein the image icons include image icons formed from patterns of colorless, transparent, opaque, ink, colored, tinted or dyed material. 81. The image icons of claim 76, wherein the image icons include image icons that are either positive or negative icons in relation to their background and are transparent, translucent, pigmented, fluorescent, phosphorescent, metallized, substantially retroreflective, or display optically variable color. 82. The image icons of claim 76, wherein the image icons include image icons that are either positive or negative icons in relation to their background and have a background that is transparent, translucent, pigmented, fluorescent, phosphorescent, metallized, substantially retroreflective, or displays optically variable color. 83. The image icons of claim 76, wherein the image icons include image icons that are either positive or negative icons in relation to their background and are formed from printing, microstructures, deposited metallization, patterned metallization, patterned demetallization, or combinations thereof. 84. The image icons of claim 76, wherein the image icons include image icons that are either positive or negative icons in relation to their background and are formed in a photographic emulsion. 85. The image icons claim 76, wherein the image icons include image icons that are either positive or negative icons in relation to their background and are formed of non-fluorescing pigments, non-fluorescing dyes, fluorescing pigments, fluorescing dyes, metal, metal particles, magnetic particles, nuclear magnetic resonance signature materials, lasing particles, organic LED materials, optically variable materials, evaporated materials, sputtered materials, chemically deposited materials, vapor deposited materials, thin film interference materials, liquid crystal polymers, optical upconversion and/or downconversion materials, dichroic materials, optically active materials, or optically polarizing materials. 86. The image icons of claim 76, wherein the image icons include image icons that are either positive or negative icons in relation to their background and are formed by direct metallization or lamination. 87. The image icons of claim 76, wherein the image icons include image icons that are either positive or negative icons in relation to their background and are formed by evaporation, sputtering or chemical deposition, or chemical vapor deposition process. 88. The image icons of claim 87, wherein the formation process involves a metal material. 89. The image icons of claim 76, wherein the image icons include image icons that are either positive or negative icons in relation to their background and are formed by patterned demetallization. 90. The image icons of claim 76, wherein the icon recesses have a recess depth of about 0.5 microns to about 8 microns.