IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0069621
(2005-02-28)
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등록번호 |
US-7499595
(2009-03-03)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Chen,Wen hsiung
- Wu,Fang
- Pelton,Gregory D.
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
5 인용 특허 :
96 |
초록
▼
A method, apparatus, and carrier medium to encode a series of quantized transform coefficients. The method includes identifying clusters of at least one non-zero-valued coefficients, and for each such cluster, identifying at least one position event that defines the relative position and runlength o
A method, apparatus, and carrier medium to encode a series of quantized transform coefficients. The method includes identifying clusters of at least one non-zero-valued coefficients, and for each such cluster, identifying at least one position event that defines the relative position and runlength of the cluster of non-zero coefficients and any intervening run of zero-valued coefficients, and identifying at least one amplitude event to define the amplitudes of the non-zero-valued coefficients in the identified cluster. The method further includes jointly encoding the identified position event or events with the identified amplitude event or events such that relatively short codewords are formed to represent values or sequences of values that are relatively more likely-to-occur, and relatively long codewords are formed to represent values or sequences of values that are relatively less likely-to-occur. The method is applicable to encoding a region in the series where there is likely to be a cluster of non-zero-valued coefficients.
대표청구항
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The invention claimed is: 1. A method of processing, using hardware that may include one or more processors, the processing being of an ordered series of digital signals that each have a respective value including a respective amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of the most likely-
The invention claimed is: 1. A method of processing, using hardware that may include one or more processors, the processing being of an ordered series of digital signals that each have a respective value including a respective amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the at least one other amplitude including a next most likely-to-occur amplitude to the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the processing to reduce the amount of data used to represent the digital signals and to form codewords such that the relatively more likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively short codewords and the relatively less likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively long codewords, the method comprising: for a first contiguous region in the series: identifying clusters that each include one or more consecutive signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, and any intervening runs of consecutive signals having the most likely-to-occur value; for each identified cluster of signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude: identifying at least one position event to define the relative positions and runlengths of the identified cluster of signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, and any intervening runs of consecutive coefficients having the most likely-to-occur value; identifying at least one amplitude event, the identified amplitude events defining the amplitudes of the signals in the identified cluster of consecutive signals having amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and jointly encoding the identified position events and the identified amplitude events to jointly encode relative position and the amplitudes of the consecutive signals having amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the jointly encoding being according to a multi-dimensional coding function of the position event and of the amplitude event, the jointly encoding arranged such that relatively short codewords are used to represent the relative positions and amplitudes of clusters that are more likely-to-occur, and relatively long codewords are used to represent the relative positions and amplitudes of clusters that are relatively less likely-to-occur. 2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the series of digital signals is a series of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data formed by a transform such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the next most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the identifying of clusters identifies clusters that each include at least one consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients. 3. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the transformed block of image data includes a DC term, and wherein the DC term is separately encoded, such that the series of digital signals is a set of non-DC quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data. 4. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the identifying of position events identifies a run of consecutive zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients followed by a single zero-valued coefficient, or identifies that there are no zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients followed by a single zero-valued coefficient; and wherein the joint encoding jointly encodes the runlengths of the preceding run of zero-valued coefficients, the runlength of the following run of non-zero-valued coefficients, and the amplitude events, such that for at least some combinations of runlengths and amplitude events, relatively more likely-to-occur combinations are encoded by a shorter codeword than relatively less likely-to-occur combinations. 5. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the joint encoding includes separately encoding the signs of the amplitudes in the cluster and jointly encoding the position events and of the amplitude events. 6. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the joint encoding includes separately encoding the signs of the amplitudes in the cluster and jointly encoding the position events and of the amplitude events. 7. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the identified amplitude event for each cluster is the set of non-zero-amplitudes of the coefficients in the cluster of non-zero-amplitudes, such that the joint encoding jointly encodes the position events with a plurality of consecutive non-zero amplitudes in the cluster of consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients. 8. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the identifying amplitude events includes: in each identified cluster, identifying amplitude events of at least one consecutive coefficient including a sequence of at least one consecutive coefficient having amplitude-1 that ends in a coefficient having an amplitude greater than 1, or ascertaining that the event has only an amplitude greater than 1, or ascertaining that the event has only a sequence of consecutive coefficients having an amplitude of 1, each identified event for the runlength of the identified cluster defined by the length of the sequence of at least one consecutive amplitude-1 coefficient, and by the amplitude of the ending coefficient. 9. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein the joint encoding of the identified position and amplitude events uses a multidimensional coding table that provides a codeword for the combination of the position code and the pairs of runlengths of the sequence of preceding amplitude-1 coefficients and the amplitude of the ending coefficient of amplitude greater than 1. 10. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the identifying amplitude events includes: for each identified cluster of a length less than or equal to a pre-selected length, identifying the consecutive non-zero amplitudes in the cluster of consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients, such that the joint encoding is according to a multidimensional coding method jointly encodes the position event or events and the non-zero amplitudes; and for each identified cluster of a length greater then the pre-selected length: identifying amplitude events of at least one consecutive coefficient including a sequence of at least one consecutive coefficient having amplitude-1 that ends in a coefficient having an amplitude greater than 1, or ascertaining that the event has only an amplitude greater than 1, or ascertaining that the event has only a sequence of consecutive coefficients having an amplitude of 1, each identified event for the runlength of the identified cluster defined by the length of the sequence of at least one consecutive amplitude-1 coefficient, and by the amplitude of the ending coefficient; and jointly encoding the identified position event or events and amplitude event of events event according to a multidimensional coding method that jointly encodes the position event or events and the amplitude event or events. 11. A method as recited in claim 4, further comprising: providing a breakpoint to define the first contiguous region along the ordering of the series followed by a second continuous region; such that the coefficients of the first region are encoded by a first encoding method that includes the identifying of clusters, the encoding the relative positions and runlength, the encoding of the amplitudes of the consecutive coefficients, and the jointly encoding; and encoding the coefficients in the second region using a second region encoding method, and wherein a first region encoding method and the second region encoding method are such that the encoding of at least some of the coefficients or runs of coefficients in the first region is different than the encoding of at least some of the coefficients or runs of coefficients in the second region. 12. A computer readable hardware medium configured with instructions for performing, when executed by a processor, a method for processing an ordered series of digital signals that each have a respective value including a respective amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the processing to reduce the amount of data used to represent the digital signals and to form codewords such that the more likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively short codewords and the less likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively long codewords, the method comprising: for a first contiguous region in the series: identifying clusters that each include one or more consecutive signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, and any intervening runs of consecutive signals having the most likely-to-occur value; for each identified cluster of signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude: identifying at least one position event to define the relative positions and runlengths of the identified cluster of signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, and any intervening runs of consecutive coefficients having the most likely-to-occur value; identifying at least one amplitude event, the identified amplitude events defining the amplitudes of the signals in the identified cluster of consecutive signals having amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and jointly encoding the identified position events and the identified amplitude events to jointly identify relative position and the amplitudes of the consecutive signals having amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the jointly encoding being according to a multi-dimensional coding function of the position event and of the amplitude event, the jointly encoding arranged such that relatively short codewords are used to represent the relative positions and amplitudes of clusters that are more likely-to-occur, and relatively long codewords are used to represent the relative positions and amplitudes of clusters that are relatively less likely-to-occur. 13. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 12, wherein the series of digital signals is a series of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data formed by a transform such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the next most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the identifying of clusters identifies clusters that each include at least one consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients. 14. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 13, wherein the identifying of position events identifies a run of consecutive zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients followed by a single zero-valued coefficient, or identifies that there are no zero-valued coefficients preceding a run of one or more consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients followed by a single zero-valued coefficient; and wherein the joint encoding jointly encodes the runlengths of the preceding run of zero-valued coefficients, the runlength of the following run of non-zero-valued coefficients, and the amplitude events, such that for at least some combinations of runlengths and amplitude events, relatively more likely-to-occur combinations are encoded by a shorter codeword than relatively less likely-to-occur combinations. 15. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 13, wherein the identified amplitude event for each cluster is the set of non-zero-amplitudes of the coefficients in the cluster of non-zero-amplitudes, such that the joint encoding jointly encodes the position events with a plurality of consecutive non-zero amplitudes in the cluster of consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients. 16. A computer readable hardware medium as recited in claim 13, wherein the identifying amplitude events includes: in each identified cluster, identifying amplitude events of at least one consecutive coefficient including a sequence of at least one consecutive coefficient having amplitude-1 that ends in a coefficient having an amplitude greater than 1, or ascertaining that the event has only an amplitude greater than 1, or ascertaining that the event has only a sequence of consecutive coefficients having an amplitude of 1, each identified event for the runlength of the identified cluster defined by the length of the sequence of at least one consecutive amplitude-1 coefficient, and by the amplitude of the ending coefficient. 17. An apparatus for processing an ordered series of digital signals that each have a respective value including a respective amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the processing to reduce the amount of data used to represent the digital signals and to form codewords such that the more likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively short codewords and the less likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively long codewords, the apparatus comprising: means for identifying clusters that each include one or more consecutive signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, and any intervening runs of consecutive signals having the most likely-to-occur value; for each identified cluster of signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude: means for identifying position events to encode the relative positions and runlength for each identified cluster of signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, and any intervening runs of consecutive coefficients having the most likely-to-occur value; means for identifying amplitude events to, the identified amplitude events defining the amplitudes of the signals in the identified cluster of consecutive signals having amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and means for jointly encoding the identified position events and the identified amplitude events to jointly encode relative position and the amplitudes of the consecutive signals having amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the means for jointly encoding using a multi-dimensional coding function of the position event and of the amplitude event, and arranged such that relatively short codewords are used to represent the relative positions and amplitudes of clusters that are more likely-to-occur, and relatively long codewords are used to represent the relative positions and amplitudes of clusters that are relatively less likely-to-occur. 18. An apparatus as recited in claim 17, wherein the series of digital signals is a series of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data formed by a transform such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the next most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the identifying of clusters identifies clusters that each include at least one consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients. 19. An apparatus as recited in claim 18, wherein the amplitude encoding means includes means for separately encoding the signs of the amplitudes in the cluster, and wherein the two dimensional coding function is a function of the position codewords and of a combination of the amplitude codewords and encoding of the signs. 20. An apparatus as recited in claim 18, wherein the means for identifying amplitude events identifies the non-zero amplitudes in each cluster of consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients, such that the means for joint encoding jointly encodes the identified position event or events with the non-zero amplitudes in the cluster of consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients using a multidimensional coding method. 21. An apparatus as recited in claim 18, wherein the means for identifying amplitude events in each identified cluster identifies events of at least one consecutive coefficient including a sequence of at least one consecutive coefficient having amplitude-1 that ends in a coefficient having an amplitude greater than 1, or ascertains that the event has only an amplitude greater than 1, or ascertains that the event has only a sequence of consecutive coefficients having an amplitude of 1, each identified event for the runlength of the identified cluster defined by the length of the sequence of at least one consecutive amplitude-1 coefficient, and by the amplitude of the ending coefficient; and wherein the means for jointly encoding jointly encodes the identified position event or events with the identified amplitude event or events that are each defined by the runlength of any consecutive amplitude-1 coefficients that precede a coefficient of greater amplitude than 1 and the amplitude of the ending coefficient, or the runlength of amplitude-1 coefficients when the event consists only of amplitude-1 coefficients. 22. An apparatus including a processing system, the processing system including a computer-readable hardware medium containing instructions that when executed cause the apparatus to accept an ordered series of digital signals that each have a respective value including a respective amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of the most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the instructions when executed further causing the apparatus to perform a method for processing an ordered series of digital signals to reduce the amount of data used to represent the digital signals and to form codewords such that the more likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively short codewords and the less likely-to-occur values or sequences of values of digital signals are represented by relatively long codewords, the method comprising: for a first contiguous region in the series: identifying clusters that each include one or more consecutive signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, and any intervening runs of consecutive signals having the most likely-to-occur value; for each identified cluster of signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude: identifying at least one position event to define the relative positions and runlengths of the identified cluster of signals having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, and any intervening runs of consecutive coefficients having the most likely-to-occur value; identifying at least one amplitude event, the identified amplitude events defining the amplitudes of the signals in the identified cluster of consecutive signals having amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and jointly encoding the identified position events and the identified amplitude events to jointly encode relative position and the amplitudes of the consecutive signals having amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the jointly encoding being according to a multi-dimensional coding function of the position event and of the amplitude event, the jointly encoding arranged such that relatively short codewords are used to represent the relative positions and amplitudes of clusters that are more likely-to-occur, and relatively long codewords are used to represent the relative positions and amplitudes of clusters that are relatively less likely-to-occur. 23. An apparatus as recited in claim 22, wherein the series of digital signals is a series of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data formed by a transform such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the next most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the identifying of clusters identifies clusters that each include at least one consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients.
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