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The invention concerns a film, in particular an embossing film, a laminating film or a sticker film, and an optical security element. The film has a carrier layer and a replication layer. The film also has a layer of a liquid crystal material, which is applied to the replication layer. A diffractive

The invention concerns a film, in particular an embossing film, a laminating film or a sticker film, and an optical security element. The film has a carrier layer and a replication layer. The film also has a layer of a liquid crystal material, which is applied to the replication layer. A diffractive structure is embossed into the surface of the replication layer, which is towards the layer of a liquid crystal material, for orientation of the liquid crystal material, said diffractive structure having at least two partial regions with different directions of orientation of the embossed structure.

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What is claimed is: 1. A film, comprising a carrier layer and a replication layer and a release layer which is arranged between the carrier layer and the replication layer, wherein the film further comprises a layer of a liquid crystal material, which is applied to the replication layer and wherein

What is claimed is: 1. A film, comprising a carrier layer and a replication layer and a release layer which is arranged between the carrier layer and the replication layer, wherein the film further comprises a layer of a liquid crystal material, which is applied to the replication layer and wherein a diffractive structure is embossed into the surface of the replication layer which is towards the layer of a liquid crystal material, for orientation of the liquid crystal material, said diffractive structure having at least two partial regions with different directions of orientation of the embossed structure and liquid crystal molecules of the layer of a liquid crystal material are oriented in accordance with the diffractive structure. 2. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein the diffractive structure comprises a region in which the orientation direction of the structure continually changes and which is coated with the layer of a liquid crystal material. 3. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein the diffractive structure comprises mutually adjoining regions involving differing orientation directions, which are coated with the layer of a liquid crystal material. 4. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein the diffractive structure comprises a first region for the orientation of liquid crystal material, which is covered by the layer of a liquid crystal material, and wherein the diffractive structure has a second region for producing an optical diffraction effect. 5. A film as set forth in claim 4, wherein a polarization representation produced in the first region and a holographic representation produced in the second region form a mutually supplementing representation. 6. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein the diffractive structure comprises a region in which the diffractive structure is formed from a superimposition of a coarse structure for producing an optical effect with a fine structure of a higher spatial frequency for orientation of the liquid crystal material. 7. A film as set forth in claim 6, wherein the fine structure comprises a period of less than 400 nm. 8. A film as set forth in claim 6, wherein the spatial frequency of the fine structure is at least ten times higher than the spatial frequency of the coarse structure. 9. A film as set forth in claim 6, wherein the coarse structure is a light-scattering structure, in particular an isotropic matt structure with a period of between 500 nm and 1 pm. 10. A film as set forth in claim 6, wherein the coarse structure is a macrostructure with a spatial frequency of less than 300 lines per mm. 11. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein the diffractive structure has a region in which the diffractive structure is formed from a superimposition of a first structure for producing an optical effect with a second structure of greater profile depth for the orientation of the liquid crystal material. 12. A film as set forth in claim 11, wherein the profile depth of the second structure is at least 100 nm greater than that of the first structure, wherein the profile depth of the first structure is in particular of a value from the range of between 250 nm and 400 nm. 13. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein the layer of a liquid crystal material covers the diffractive structure in region-wise manner in a pattern configuration. 14. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein one of the layers is of region-wise differing thickness. 15. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein color interplays are produced by targeted orientation variations in the diffractive structure. 16. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein the film comprises a protective lacquer layer which covers the layer of a liquid crystal material. 17. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein the film has a further layer with a further optically effective diffractive structure. 18. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein a further optically effective diffractive structure is embossed on the surface of the replication layer, which is remote from the layer of a liquid crystal material. 19. A film as set forth in claim 17 wherein the further optically effective diffractive structure overlies the diffractive structure at least in region-wise manner. 20. A film as set forth in claim 8, wherein the further optically effective structure only partially covers the further layer or the replication layer. 21. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein the film has a thin film system for producing color shifts by means of interference. 22. A film as set forth in claim 21, wherein the thin film layer system overlies the diffractive structure at least in region-wise manner. 23. A film as set forth in claim 1, wherein the thin film has a reflecting layer. 24. A film as set forth in claim 23, wherein the reflecting layer is a partial layer. 25. An optical security element for safeguarding banknotes, credit cards, wherein the optical security element comprises a replication layer and a release layer, wherein the optical security element further comprises a layer of a liquid crystal material, which is applied to the replication layer, and wherein a diffractive structure is embossed into the surface of the replication layer, which is towards the layer of a liquid crystal material, for orientation of the liquid crystal material, said diffractive structure having at least two partial regions with different directions of orientation of the embossed structure and liquid crystal molecules of the layer of the liquid crystal material are oriented in accordance with the diffractive structure. 26. An optical security element as set forth in claim 25, wherein the optical security element is a two-part security element, wherein a first partial element has the replication layer and the layer of a liquid crystal material and the second partial element has a polarizer for checking the security feature produced by the layer of a liquid crystal material. 27. An optical security element as set forth in claim 25, wherein the optical security element is a two-part or multi-part security element comprising two or more partial elements, wherein both a first partial element and also a second partial element has a layer of a liquid crystal material which is applied to a replication layer into which a diffractive structure for orientation of the liquid crystal material is embossed and which has at least two partial regions with different orientation directions in respect of the embossed structure, and wherein the second partial element serves for checking of the security feature produced by the first partial element.