초록 ▼

A reactor for carrying out catalyzed liquid reactions in which the catalyst is present as a dispersion in the reaction zone. The reactor includes at least one inlet and outlet, with all starting materials being fed in via the inlet and all products being discharged via the outlet. The inlet and outl

A reactor for carrying out catalyzed liquid reactions in which the catalyst is present as a dispersion in the reaction zone. The reactor includes at least one inlet and outlet, with all starting materials being fed in via the inlet and all products being discharged via the outlet. The inlet and outlet can be switched so that an exit previously serving as the outlet is utilized as an entrance serving as the inlet and at the same time an entrance previously serving as the inlet is utilized as an exit serving as the outlet. The inlet and outlet each include a filter element that keeps the catalyst in the reactor. The reactor also includes a device that ensures homogeneous distribution of the catalyst and the starting materials in the reactor. This reactor can carry out reactions at a high solids content without the catalyst having to be separated off from a product stream in an extra process step and without regular cleaning and thus shutdown of the process being necessary.

대표청구항 ▼

The invention claimed is: 1. An assembly including a reactor, the reactor comprising: a reaction zone configured to hold a dispersion catalyst and carry out a process, the process having a catalyzed liquid reaction; at least one inlet configured to feed reaction ingredients into the reaction zone;

The invention claimed is: 1. An assembly including a reactor, the reactor comprising: a reaction zone configured to hold a dispersion catalyst and carry out a process, the process having a catalyzed liquid reaction; at least one inlet configured to feed reaction ingredients into the reaction zone; at least one outlet configured to discharge all reaction products from the reaction zone; a switching device configured to allow an inlet flow direction for the inlet and an outlet flow direction for the outlet to be switched so that an exit that has previously served as the outlet is utilized as an entrance serving as the inlet and at a same time an entrance that has previously served as the inlet is utilized as an exit serving as the outlet; the inlet includes a first filter element and the outlet includes a second filter element that keeps the dispersion catalyst in the reaction zone, the first and second filter elements being shaped substantially similar to a cylinder; a first stirrer configured to provide a homogeneous distribution of the dispersion catalyst and the population of all reaction ingredients in the reaction zone; and a second stirrer including a plurality of second stirrer proximity surfaces configured to rotate past an inner and/or outer surface of the first filter element at a distance of less than or equal to one centimeter, and the plurality of second stirrer proximity surfaces configured to rotate past an inner and/or outer surface of the second filter element at a distance of less than or equal to one centimeter. 2. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the switching device includes a four-way valve having a set of two pairs of connected exits. 3. An assembly according to claim 2, wherein the reactor includes the switching device that makes it possible to switch the inlet and the outlet flow directions when a pressure increase in the reactor is more than 5% over an initial pressure, or when a pressure increase in the reactor is more than 5% over a pressure after a last switch. 4. An assembly according to claim 3, wherein the reactor includes the switching device to switch the inlet and the outlet flow directions automatically after a preset period of time has elapsed. 5. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first and second filter elements each include one of the following as a filter-active material: a sintered metal frit, a ceramic frit, a ceramic composite, a ceramic monolith, a polymer membrane, a nonwoven metal wire construction, or a woven wire construction. 6. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the reactor includes a facility for introducing or removing heat energy from the reactor. 7. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first and second filter elements are each shaped as a half cylindrical wall of a cylinder and a third stirrer includes a plurality of third stirrer proximity surfaces that rotate past the inner and/or outer surface of the first filter element at a distance of less than or equal to two millimeters, and the third stirrer proximity surfaces configured to rotate past the inner and/or outer surface of the second filter element at a distance of less than or equal to two millimeters. 8. An assembly according to claim 7, wherein the second and third stirrers contrarotate with respect to each other. 9. An assembly according to claim 7, wherein the second stirrer is an blade stirrer, the blade stirrer configured to rotate about a first stirrer axis of rotation, the blade stirrer having a plurality of blades that are attached at the first stirrer axis of rotation, each of the plurality of blades having one of the plurality of second stirrer proximity surfaces. 10. An assembly according to claim 9, wherein the third stirrer is an anchor stirrer, the anchor stirrer configured to rotate about a second stirrer axis of rotation, the anchor stirrer having a plurality of anchor blades that are attached at the second stirrer axis of rotation, each of the plurality of anchor blades having one of the plurality of third stirrer proximity surfaces, the plurality of third stirrer proximity surfaces rotate about a portion of the first and second filter elements during a full rotation of the third stirrer, and the plurality of third stirrer proximity surfaces rotate about a portion of the second stirrer during a full rotation of the third stirrer. 11. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first and second filter elements are each shaped as a half cylindrical wall of a cylinder that represents the half cylindrical walls of the filter-active area, the filter elements are part of the reactor wall. 12. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the process is an oligomerization, metathesis, alkylation or isomerization reaction, or a heterogeneous biocatalytic reaction. 13. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein a proportion of the dispersion catalyst in the reactor is more than 20% by volume. 14. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the reactor includes a plurality of reactors operated in parallel, and wherein the assembly also comprises: a metering device configured to feed a variety of different feed mixtures to individual reactors or groups of reactors; and a selector configured to receive a fluid from one of the plurality of reactors and to transfer the fluid to an analytical facility. 15. An assembly according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of reactors each include a capability for setting reaction conditions. 16. An assembly according to claim 15, wherein the reactors are sealed from one another to prevent transfer of fluid compounds from one reactor to another. 17. An assembly according to claim 14, wherein the reactor is configured to carry out a high-throughput screening.