IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
UP-0014232
(2004-12-17)
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등록번호 |
US-7578132
(2009-09-08)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
|
출원인 / 주소 |
|
대리인 / 주소 |
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
9 인용 특허 :
16 |
초록
▼
A gas turbine engine exhaust nozzle arrangement for the flow of exhaust gases therethrough between an upstream end and a downstream end thereof comprising a nozzle and a plurality of tabs which extend in a generally axial direction from a downstream portion of the nozzle wherein the nozzle further c
A gas turbine engine exhaust nozzle arrangement for the flow of exhaust gases therethrough between an upstream end and a downstream end thereof comprising a nozzle and a plurality of tabs which extend in a generally axial direction from a downstream portion of the nozzle wherein the nozzle further comprises an actuation mechanism capable of moving the tabs between a first deployed position, where the tabs interact with a gas stream to reduce exhaust noise thereof, and a second non-deployed position, where the tabs are substantially aerodynamically unobtrusive.
대표청구항
▼
I claim: 1. A shape change structure that changes shape upon a change in modulus, the structure comprising: a flexural resilient parent element; a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus; and a core disposed between the element
I claim: 1. A shape change structure that changes shape upon a change in modulus, the structure comprising: a flexural resilient parent element; a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus; and a core disposed between the elements, wherein the elements are operatively associated such that changes in the modulus effects a change of shape of the structure and a substantially constant distance between the elements is maintained by the core, wherein the shape change structure comprises at least a portion of a gas turbine engine part that is constructed and arranged to contact and interact with a fluid flow during operation of the gas turbine engine. 2. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the shape memory material element changes modulus based on temperature. 3. A shape change structure according to claim 1, further comprising at least one stop constructed and arranged to limit the movement of the structure resulting from the change in modulus. 4. A shape change structure according to claim 1, further comprising at least one tether constructed and arranged to limit the movement of the structure resulting from the change in modulus. 5. A shape change structure according to claim 1, further comprising at least one tie bar constructed and arranged to limit the movement of the structure resulting from the change in modulus. 6. A shape change structure according to claim 1, further comprising at least one notch constructed and arranged in the parent element to limit the movement of the structure by the change in modulus. 7. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the elements are connected by at least one weld. 8. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the elements are connected by at least one rivet. 9. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the elements are connected by compression joints. 10. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the core comprises at least one web. 11. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the core comprises a foam. 12. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the core comprises a honeycomb structure. 13. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure comprises an aerofoil. 14. A shape change structure according to claim 13, wherein the aerofoil comprises a blade or vane. 15. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure comprises a shape changing valve flap. 16. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the shape memory material element comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Titanium, Manganese, Iron, Aluminium, Silicon, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Silver, Cadmium, Indium, Tin, Lead, Thallium, and Platinum. 17. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the shape change structure is constructed and arranged such that plastic deformation of the shape memory material element provides movement of the shape change structure in addition to the Young's modulus change. 18. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the shape change structure is constructed and arranged such that the shape memory material element is stressed substantially in compression or tension. 19. A shape change structure according to claim 18, wherein when the shape memory material element is stressed substantially in compression the shape change structure further comprises short segments or ribs formed on at least one of the elements to prevent or control buckling. 20. A shape change structure according to any one of claims 1, 9, 17 and 18, wherein the shape change structure is constructed and arranged such that the movement is limited by contact with an adjacent component. 21. A shape change structure according to any one of claims 1, 9, 17 and 18, wherein the shape change structure is constructed and arranged such that the movement is limited by contact with an adjacent casing or adjacent tab. 22. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the shape change material element has a transition temperature matching changes in ambient operating temperatures of the shape change structure. 23. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the shape change material element has a transition temperature matching an operating temperature of a machine the shape change structure is part of. 24. A shape change structure according to one of claims 22 and 23, wherein the shape change structure comprises at least one tab on a bypass nozzle of a turbofan engine and the tab is sensitive to bypass temperature and the transition between the first and second Young's modulus is set in a region of about 50° C. 25. A shape change structure according to one of claim 22 and 23, wherein the shape change structure comprises at least one tab on a bypass nozzle of a turbofan engine and the tab is sensitive to external air temperature and the transition between the first and second Young's modulus is set in a region of about 10° C. 26. A shape change structure according to claim 1, further comprising electrical heating means to control the temperature of the shape memory material element. 27. A shape change structure according to claim 26 wherein the electrical heating means comprises at least one of means for passing an electrical current through the shape memory material element, an electrical blanket, or means for induction heating. 28. A shape change structure according to claim 1, further comprising thermal insulation constructed and arranged to enhance response of the shape change structure by isolating the shape memory material element from flows that are at temperatures away from a desired control flow. 29. A shape change structure according to claim 28, wherein ambient flow is used to control flow and the thermal insulation is located on an opposite side of the shape change structure from the ambient flow. 30. A shape change structure according to claim 28, further comprising internal flow control structure to control the temperature of the shape memory material element and the insulation substantially isolates the shape change structure from external temperature effects. 31. A shape change structure according to claim 1, wherein the shape change structure comprises a portion that is constructed and arranged to move between a non-deployed position and at least one deployed position, and a portion that is constructed and arranged to be attached to a part of a gas turbine engine. 32. A shape change structure that changes shape upon a change in modulus, the structure comprising: a flexural resilient parent element; a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus; and a core disposed between the elements, wherein the elements are operatively associated such that changes in the modulus effects a change of shape of the structure and a substantially constant distance between the elements is maintained by the core, wherein the shape change structure is constructed and arranged to interact with or control a fluid, and wherein the structure comprises at least one of marine element selected from the group consisting of shape changing rudders, propellers, ducts, and hull surfaces. 33. A method of changing a shape of a shape change structure in contact with a flowing fluid, the structure comprising a flexural resilient parent element, a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus, and a core disposed between the elements, wherein the elements are operatively associated such that changes in the modulus effects a change of shape of the structure and a substantially constant distance between the elements is maintained by the core, the method comprising the step of changing a temperature of the structure to effect a change in modulus and change in shape of the structure interacting with the flowing fluid, wherein the shape change structure comprises at least a portion of a gas turbine engine part. 34. A method according to claim 33, further comprising using at least one stop to limit the movement of the structure by the change in modulus. 35. A method according to claim 33, further comprising using at least one tether to limit the movement of the structure by the change in modulus. 36. A method according to claim 33, further comprising using at least one tie bar to limit the movement of the structure by the change in modulus. 37. A method according to claim 33, further comprising using at least one notch in the parent material to limit the movement of the structure by the change in modulus. 38. A method according to claim 33, wherein the elements are connected by at least one weld. 39. A method according to claim 33, wherein the elements are connected by at least one rivet. 40. A method according to claim 33, wherein the elements are connected by compression joints. 41. A method according to claim 33, wherein the core comprises at least one web. 42. A method according to claim 33, wherein the core comprises a foam. 43. A method according to claim 33, wherein the structure comprises an aerofoil. 44. A method according to claim 43, wherein the aerofoil comprises a blade or vane. 45. A method according to claim 33, wherein the structure comprises a shape changing valve flap. 46. A method according to claim 33, wherein the shape memory material element comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Titanium, Manganese, Iron, Aluminium, Silicon, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Silver, Cadmium, Indium, Tin, Lead, Thallium, Platinum, Hafnium, Palladium and Zirconium. 47. A method according to claim 33, wherein a temperature of shape memory material is changed by a change in temperature of the fluid. 48. A method according to claim 33, wherein the shape change structure is constructed and arranged such that plastic deformation of the shape memory material element provides movement of the shape change structure in addition to the Young's modulus change. 49. A method according to claim 33, wherein the shape change structure is constructed and arranged such that the shape memory material element is stressed substantially in compression or tension. 50. A method according to claim 49, wherein when the shape memory material element is stressed substantially in compression the shape change structure further comprises short segments or ribs formed on at least one of the elements to prevent or control buckling. 51. A method according to any one of claims 33, 48 and 49, wherein the shape change structure is constructed and arranged such that the movement is limited by contact with an adjacent component. 52. A method according to any one of claims 33, 48 and 49, wherein the shape change structure is constructed and arranged such that the movement is limited by contact with an adjacent casing or adjacent tab. 53. A method according to any one of claims 33, 48 and 49, wherein the shape change material element has a transition temperature matching changes in ambient operating temperatures of the shape change structure. 54. A method according to any one of claims 33, 48 and 49, wherein the shape change material element has a transition temperature matching an operating temperature of a machine the shape change structure is part of. 55. A method according to any one of claims 33, 48 and 49, further comprising controlling the temperature of the shape memory material element using an electrical heating means. 56. A method according to claim 55, wherein the electrical heating means comprises at least one of means for passing an electrical current through the shape memory material element, an electrical blanket, or means for induction heating. 57. A method according to claim 33, wherein the shape change structure comprises a portion that is constructed and arranged to move between a non-deployed position and at least one deployed position, and a portion that is constructed and arranged to be attached to a part of a gas turbine engine. 58. A method of changing a shape of a shape change structure in contact with a flowing fluid, the structure comprising a flexural resilient parent element, a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus, and a core disposed between the elements, wherein the elements are operatively associated such that changes in the modulus effects a change of shape of the structure and a substantially constant distance between the elements is maintained by the core, the method comprising the step of changing a temperature of the structure to effect a change in modulus and change in shape of the structure which alters a characteristic of the flowing fluid, wherein the structure comprises at least one of marine element selected from the group consisting of shape changing rudders, propellers, ducts, or hull surfaces. 59. A method of changing a shape of a shape change structure in contact with a flowing fluid, the structure comprising a flexural resilient parent element, a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus, and a core disposed between the elements, wherein the elements are operatively associated such that changes in the modulus effects a change of shape of the structure and a substantially constant distance between the elements is maintained by the core, the method comprising the step of changing a temperature of the structure to effect a change in modulus and change in shape of the structure which alters a characteristic of the flowing fluid, wherein the shape change structure comprises at least one tab on a bypass nozzle of a turbofan engine and the tab is sensitive to bypass temperature and using the bypass temperature to change the temperature of the structure. 60. A method of changing a shape of a shape change structure in contact with a flowing fluid, the structure comprising a flexural resilient parent element, a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus, and a core disposed between the elements, wherein the elements are operatively associated such that changes in the modulus effects a change of shape of the structure and a substantially constant distance between the elements is maintained by the core, the method comprising the step of changing a temperature of the structure to effect a change in modulus and change in shape of the structure which alters a characteristic of the flowing fluid, wherein the shape change structure comprises at least one tab on a bypass nozzle of a turbofan engine and the tab is sensitive to external air temperature and using the external air temperature to change the temperature of the structure. 61. A method of changing a shape of a shape change structure in contact with a flowing fluid, the structure comprising a flexural resilient parent element, a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus, and a core disposed between the elements, wherein the elements are operatively associated such that changes in the modulus effects a change of shape of the structure and a substantially constant distance between the elements is maintained by the core, the method comprising the step of changing a temperature of the structure to effect a change in modulus and change in shape of the structure which alters a characteristic of the flowing fluid, further comprising using thermal insulation to enhance response of the shape change structure by isolating the shape memory material element from flows that are at temperatures away from a desired control flow. 62. A method of changing a shape of a shape change structure in contact with a flowing fluid, the structure comprising a flexural resilient parent element, a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus, and a core disposed between the elements, wherein the elements are operatively associated such that changes in the modulus effects a change of shape of the structure and a substantially constant distance between the elements is maintained by the core, the method comprising the step of changing a temperature of the structure to effect a change in modulus and change in shape of the structure which alters a characteristic of the flowing fluid, further comprising using ambient flow to control flow and thermal insulation is located on an opposite side of the shape change structure from the ambient flow. 63. A method of changing a shape of a shape change structure in contact with a flowing fluid, the structure comprising a flexural resilient parent element, a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus, and a core disposed between the elements, wherein the elements are operatively associated such that changes in the modulus effects a change of shape of the structure and a substantially constant distance between the elements is maintained by the core, the method comprising the step of changing a temperature of the structure to effect a change in modulus and change in shape of the structure which alters a characteristic of the flowing fluid, further comprising controlling the temperature of the shape memory material element by using an internal flow control and using insulation to substantially isolate the shape change structure from external temperature effects. 64. A shape change structure that changes shape upon a change in modulus, the structure comprising: a flexural resilient parent element; a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus; and a core disposed between the elements, wherein the elements are operatively associated such that changes in the modulus effects a change of shape of the structure and a substantially constant distance between the elements is maintained by the core, wherein the shape change structure is constructed and arranged to interact with or control a fluid, further comprising at least one tether constructed and arranged to limit the movement of the structure resulting from the change in modulus. 65. A shape change structure that changes shape upon a change in modulus, the structure comprising: a flexural resilient parent element; a shape memory material element that changes modulus between a first Young's modulus and a second Young's modulus; and a core disposed between the elements, wherein the elements are operatively associated such that changes in the modulus effects a change of shape of the structure and a substantially constant distance between the elements is maintained by the core, wherein the shape change structure is constructed and arranged to interact with or control a fluid, further comprising at least one notch constructed and arranged in the parent element to limit the movement of the structure by the change in modulus.
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