초록 ▼

Ultra cleaning of combustion gas to near zero concentration of residual contaminants followed by the capture of CO2 is provided. The high removal efficiency of residual contaminants is accomplished by direct contact cooling and scrubbing of the gas with cold water. The temperature of the combustion

Ultra cleaning of combustion gas to near zero concentration of residual contaminants followed by the capture of CO2 is provided. The high removal efficiency of residual contaminants is accomplished by direct contact cooling and scrubbing of the gas with cold water. The temperature of the combustion gas is reduced to 0-20 degrees Celsius to achieve maximum condensation and gas cleaning effect. The CO2 is captured from the cooled and clean flue gas in a CO2 absorber (134) utilizing an ammoniated solution or slurry in the NH3—CO2H2O system. The absorber operates at 0-20 degrees Celsius. Regeneration is accomplished by elevating the pressure and temperature of the CO2-rich solution from the absorber. The CO2 vapor pressure is high and a pressurized CO2 stream, with low concentration of NH3 and water vapor is generated. The high pressure CO2 stream is cooled and washed to recover the ammonia and moisture from the gas.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. A system for cleaning of a contaminated combustion gas, comprising: (a) one or more direct and wet cooling stages configured to cool a gas stream to condense water from said gas stream and to capture and remove contaminants from said gas stream, wherein the one or more direct

What is claimed is: 1. A system for cleaning of a contaminated combustion gas, comprising: (a) one or more direct and wet cooling stages configured to cool a gas stream to condense water from said gas stream and to capture and remove contaminants from said gas stream, wherein the one or more direct and wet cooling stages includes a final cooling stage configured to cool the gas stream to below ambient temperature; (b) one or more CO2 absorbing stages configured to absorb CO2 from the gas stream cooled to below ambient temperature using an ammoniated solution or slurry; (c) a pressurizer configured to pressurize the ammoniated solution or slurry with the absorbed CO2;and (d) one or more CO2 regeneration stages configured to separate absorbed CO2 from said pressurized ammoniated solution or slurry. 2. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said final cooling stage is further configured to cool said gas stream to about 0-20 degrees Celsius. 3. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said final cooling stage is further configured to cool said gas stream to about 0-10 degrees Celsius. 4. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the one or more CO2absorbing stages are further configured to absorb said CO2 using a CO2-lean NH3—CO2—H2O solution or slurry. 5. The system as set forth in claim 4, wherein said CO2-lean solution or slurry has a NH3/CO2 mole ratio in the range of 1.5-4.0. 6. The system as set forth in claim 4, wherein said CO2-lean solution or slurry has a NH3/CO2 mole ratio in the range of 1.5-3.0. 7. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said one or more CO2 absorbing stages are further configured to operate at a temperature in the range of 0-20 degrees Celsius. 8. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said one or more CO2 absorbing stages are further configured to operate at a temperature in the range of 0-10 degrees Celsius. 9. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said one or more CO2 absorbing stages are further configured to absorb CO2 so as to generate a CO2-rich NH3—CO2—H2O solution. 10. The system as set forth in claim 9, wherein said CO2-rich solution has a NH3/CO2 mole ratio in the range of 1.0-2.0. 11. The system as set forth in claim 9, wherein said CO2-rich solution has a NH3/CO2 mole ratio in the range of 1.0-1.5. 12. The system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising: a heater configured to heat the ammoniated solution or slurry with the absorbed CO2 to a temperature in the range of 50-200 degrees Celsius; wherein the one or more CO2 regeneration stages are further configured to separate absorbed CO2 from said pressurized and heated ammoniated solution or slurry. 13. The system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising: a heater configured to heat the ammoniated solution or slurry with the absorbed CO2 to a temperature in the range of 100-150degrees Celsius; wherein the one or more CO2 regeneration stages are further configured to separate absorbed CO2 from said pressurized and heated ammoniated solution or slurry. 14. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said pressurizer is further configured to pressurize the ammoniated solution or slurry to a pressure in the range of 30-2000 psi. 15. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said pressurizer is further configured to pressurize the ammoniated solution or slurry to a pressure in the range of 150-400 psi. 16. A method for cleaning of a contaminated combustion gas, comprising: (a) cooling down a gas stream to condense water from said gas stream and to capture and remove contaminants from said gas stream, wherein the gas stream is cooled to below ambient temperature; (b) absorbing CO2 from said cooled gas stream using an ammoniated solution or slurry, wherein the cooled gas stream and ammoniated solution or slurry are maintained below ambient temperature during said absorbing; (c) pressurizing the ammoniated solution or slurry with the absorbed CO2; and (d) regenerating CO2 by separating CO2 from said pressurized ammoniated solution or slurry. 17. The method as set forth in claim 16, wherein said gas stream is cooled to a temperature in the range of 0-20 degrees Celsius. 18. The method as set forth in claim 16, wherein said gas stream is cooled to a temperature in the range of 0-10 degrees Celsius. 19. The method as set forth in claim 16, wherein the ammoniated solution or slurry used to absorb said CO2 is a CO2 lean NH3—CO2—H2O solution or slurry. 20. The method as set forth in claim 19, wherein said CO2-lean solution or slurry has a NH3/CO2 mole ratio in the range of 1.5-4.0. 21. The method as set forth in claim 19, wherein said CO2-lean solution or slurry has a NH3/CO2 mole ratio in the range of 1.5-3.0. 22. The method as set forth in claim 19, wherein said NH3—CO2—H2O solution or slurry is in water-dissolved form. 23. The method as set forth in claim 19, wherein the species in said NH3—CO2—H2O solution or slurry are concentrated such to contain dissolved and suspended solids having ammonium carbonate, (NH4) 2CO3, and ammonium bicarbonate, NH4HCO3, salts. 24. The method as set forth in claim 16, wherein the cooled gas stream and ammoniated solution or slurry maintained at a temperature in the range of 0-20 degrees Celsius during said absorbing. 25. The method as set forth in claim 16, wherein the cooled gas stream and ammoniated or slurry are maintained at a temperature in the range of 0-10 degrees Celsius during said absorbing. 26. The method as set forth in claim 16, wherein said ammoniated solution or slurry with the absorbed CO2 is a CO2-rich NH3—CO2—H2O solution. 27. The method as set forth in claim 26, wherein said CO2-rich solution has a NH3/CO2 mole ratio in the range of 1.0-2.0. 28. The method as set forth in claim 26, wherein said CO2-rich solution has a NH3/CO2 mole ratio in the range of 1.0-1.5. 29. The method as set forth in claim 16, further comprising: heating the ammoniated solution or slurry with the absorbed CO2 to a temperature in the range of 50-200 degrees Celsius; wherein the pressurized ammoniated solution or slurry from which CO2 is separated to regenerate CO2 is the pressurized and heated ammoniated solution or slurry. 30. The method as set forth in claim 16, further comprising: heating the pressurized ammoniated solution or slurry with the absorbed CO2 to a temperature in the range of 100-150 degrees Celsius; wherein the pressurized ammoniated solution or slurry from which CO2 is separated to regenerate CO2 is the pressurized and heated ammoniated solution or slurry. 31. The method as set forth in claim 16, wherein the ammoniated solution or slurry with the absorbed CO2 is pressurized to a pressure in the range of 30-2000 psi. 32. The method as set forth in claim 16, wherein the ammoniated solution or slurry with the absorbed CO2 is pressurized to a pressure in the range of 150-400 psi.