Method and apparatus for decontamination of fluid
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
C02F-001/461
C02F-001/463
C02F-001/465
출원번호
UP-0398369
(2006-04-05)
등록번호
US-7695607
(2010-05-20)
발명자
/ 주소
Polnicki, Andrew
Grafe, V. Gerald
Huang, Frank
출원인 / 주소
ARS USA LLC
대리인 / 주소
Grafe, V. Gerald
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
4인용 특허 :
49
초록▼
The invention relates to methods and devices for the decontamination of fluid, particularly the removal of heavy metals and/or arsenic and/or their compounds from water, by means of electrolysis, wherein the water to be purified subjected to electrodes of different polarities. The invention can incl
The invention relates to methods and devices for the decontamination of fluid, particularly the removal of heavy metals and/or arsenic and/or their compounds from water, by means of electrolysis, wherein the water to be purified subjected to electrodes of different polarities. The invention can include means for control of the pH of the fluid. The invention can also include control systems that allow self-cleaning of electrodes, self-cleaning of filters, and automatic monitoring of maintenance conditions.
대표청구항▼
The invention claimed is: 1. A method for removing a contaminant from fluid, comprising: a) Providing an anode and a cathode; b) Placing the fluid in contact with the anode and the cathode; c) Providing an electrical voltage between the anode and the cathode, where the electrical voltage is such th
The invention claimed is: 1. A method for removing a contaminant from fluid, comprising: a) Providing an anode and a cathode; b) Placing the fluid in contact with the anode and the cathode; c) Providing an electrical voltage between the anode and the cathode, where the electrical voltage is such that current flows between the anode and cathode through the fluid and forms flock by electrochemical combination of material from the anode with the contaminant; d) Removing at least some of the flock from the fluid; e) Returning at least some of the flock to fluid in an electrical current flow path between the anode and the cathode. 2. A method as in claim 1, wherein the anode is made of iron, aluminum, carbon, or alloys thereof. 3. A method as in claim 1, wherein the cathode is made of iron, aluminum, carbon, or alloys thereof. 4. A method for removing a contaminant from fluid, comprising: a) Providing a pH-anode comprising carbon; b) Providing a cathode; c) Placing the fluid in contact with the pH-anode and the cathode; d) Providing an electrical voltage between the pH-anode and the cathode, where the electrical voltage is such that current flows between the anode and cathode through the fluid and reduces the pH of the fluid; e) Removing contaminants from the fluid according to the method of claim 1. 5. A method as in claim 1, wherein providing an electrical voltage comprises providing an electrical voltage at a first polarity for a first time, then providing an electrical voltage at a second polarity, opposite the first polarity, for a second time. 6. A method as in claim 5, wherein the first time ends when a determined increase in the electrical voltage required to maintain a minimum current through the fluid is detected. 7. A method as in claim 5, wherein the first time ends when an increase in the resistivity between the anode and the cathode is detected. 8. A method as in claim 1, further comprising sensing the electrical voltage and current, and providing a maintenance signal based on a combination of the voltage and current. 9. A method as in claim 1, wherein removing at least some of the flock from the fluid comprises passing flock-laden fluid through a filter. 10. A method for removing a contaminant from fluid, comprising: a) Providing an anode and a cathode; b) Placing the fluid in contact with the anode and the cathode; c) Providing an electrical voltage between the anode and the cathode, where the electrical voltage is such that current flows between the anode and cathode through the fluid and forms flock by electrochemical combination of material from the anode with the contaminant, and where the electrical voltage magnitude is determined responsive to an indication of flock produced; d) Removing at least some of the flock from the fluid. 11. An apparatus for the removal of a contaminant from fluid, comprising: a) A reactor, comprising: i) A reactor container suitable for containing a quantity of the fluid; ii) An anode subsystem mounted with the reactor container such that fluid in the reactor container will be in contact with at least a portion of the anode subsystem; iii) A cathode subsystem mounted with the reactor container such that fluid in the reactor container will be in contact with at least a portion of the cathode subsystem; iv) A power supply subsystem in electrical communication with the anode subsystem and the cathode subsystem, and adapted to supply an electrical potential between the anode subsystem and the cathode subsystem; b) A flock recycling and removal system, comprising: i) A flock separator, configured to separate fluid from the reactor into two portions: a flock-enriched portion and a flock-depleted portion, and return the flock-enriched portion to the reactor; ii) A filter subsystem, having an inlet port in fluid communication with the reactor, adapted to substantially remove flock formed from electrochemical combination of contaminant with material from the anode subsystem, and having an outlet port. 12. An apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the power supply subsystem comprises: a) An electrical detector, indicating current or voltage with respect to a threshold; b) A source of electrical energy at either of two opposing polarities; c) A control system, responsive to the electrical detector, causing selection of one of the two polarities of the source of electrical energy. 13. An apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the flock removal system comprises a) A source of backwash fluid; b) A distribution system, adapted to place the source of backwash fluid in fluid communication with the fluid outlet of the filter subsystem; c) A contaminant removal port, in fluid communication with the fluid inlet of the filter subsystem, adapted to allow fluid flow therethrough when the source of backwash fluid is flowing through the filter subsystem. 14. An apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the power supply subsystem is adapted to provide an electrical potential between a carbon electrode and the anode subsystem responsive to a determined pH of the fluid. 15. An apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the filter subsystem comprises first and second filters, and further comprising a distribution system adapted to place one or both of the first and second filters in fluid communication with a source of backwash fluid. 16. An apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the flock removal system is pressurized. 17. A method as in claim 1, further comprising agitating the anode, cathode, or both, in a manner that encourages precipitate formed on the anode, cathode, or both to dislodge therefrom. 18. An apparatus as in claim 11, further comprising a sensor responsive to flock formation in the reactor, and wherein the power supply subsystem provides an electrical potential responsive at least in part to the sensor. 19. An apparatus as in claim 11, further comprising an agitator coupled to the anode subsystem, the cathode subsystem, the reactor container, or a combination thereof, wherein the agitator acts to encourage precipitate to dislodge from at least one of the anode subsystem, the cathode subsystem, and the reactor container. 20. An apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the reactor container accepts fluid at one or more inlet ports near a first portion of the container, and outputs fluid at one or more outlet ports near a second portion of the container, wherein a fluid flow path from the first portion to the second portion passes over a large area of the anode subsystem, the cathode subsystem, or both. 21. An apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the anode subsystem comprises an anode surface, and wherein the cathode subsystem comprises a cathode surface, and wherein the anode subsystem mounts with the cathode subsystem such that the anode surface and cathode surface are spaced apart, forming the reactor container therebetween. 22. An apparatus as in claim 21, wherein the anode surface, the cathode surface, or both, are substantially planar. 23. An apparatus as in claim 21, wherein the anode surface, the cathode surface, or both, are corrugated, ribbed, grooved, or wavy. 24. An apparatus as in claim 21, wherein one of the anode surface and the cathode surface comprises a hollow cylinder, and wherein the other of the anode surface and the cathode surface comprises one or more elongated elements, and wherein the one or more elongated elements mount within the interior volume of the cylinder. 25. The method of claim 10, further comprising: a) Providing a pH-anode comprising carbon; b) Placing the fluid in contact with the pH-anode and the cathode; and c) Providing an electrical voltage between the pH-anode and the cathode, where the electrical voltage is such that current flows between the pH-anode and cathode through the fluid and reduces the pH of the fluid.
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