Systems and methods for on-site selective catalytic reduction
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
B01D-053/56
B01D-053/74
C01C-001/00
출원번호
UP-0025423
(2008-02-04)
등록번호
US-7708966
(2010-06-03)
발명자
/ 주소
Joshi, Ashok V.
출원인 / 주소
Ceramatec, Inc.
대리인 / 주소
Fonda, David
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
3인용 특허 :
4
초록▼
A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system includes an on-board ammonia generation system that produces nitrogen from air and hydrogen from a source of a hydrogen-containing compound, and generates an ammonia product from the nitrogen and hydrogen to provide the ammonia product into an exhaust fro
A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system includes an on-board ammonia generation system that produces nitrogen from air and hydrogen from a source of a hydrogen-containing compound, and generates an ammonia product from the nitrogen and hydrogen to provide the ammonia product into an exhaust from a NOx generator to reduce the NOx in the exhaust. Oxygen from one or both of the nitrogen generator and the hydrogen generation cell can be supplied to the NOx generator for cleaner combustion or to a particulate filter for cleaning the filter. H2O from the NOx generator can at least partially provide a water source for the hydrogen generation cell.
대표청구항▼
What is claimed is: 1. A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, comprising: a NOx generator; an on-board ammonia product generation system, the on-board ammonia product generation system comprising: a nitrogen generator coupled to an air intake; a hydrogen generation cell coupled to a source o
What is claimed is: 1. A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, comprising: a NOx generator; an on-board ammonia product generation system, the on-board ammonia product generation system comprising: a nitrogen generator coupled to an air intake; a hydrogen generation cell coupled to a source of a hydrogen-containing compound; and a catalyst combining reactor coupled to each of the nitrogen generator and the hydrogen generation cell; a reduction chamber coupled to each of the NOx generator and the on-board ammonia product generation system, the reduction chamber to receive on-board generated ammonia product from the catalyst combining reactor and NOx from the NOx generator for conversion of the NOx into at least H2O and nitrogen; and an H2O line coupled between the NOx generator and the hydrogen generation cell to deliver H2O from the NOx generator to the hydrogen generation cell. 2. The SCR system of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen generator comprises at least one separator of a solid electrolyte oxygen separator (SEOS), a polymeric membrane electrolyte nitrogen generator, and a pressure swing absorption nitrogen generator. 3. The SCR system of claim 2, wherein the nitrogen generator comprises a combination at least two separators. 4. The SCR system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen generation cell comprises an H2O electrolysis cell. 5. The SCR system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen generation cell comprises a reformer to generate hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing material through at least catalytic reformation or plasma reformation. 6. The SCR system of claim 1, further comprising an oxygen line coupled between the nitrogen generator and the NOx generator to deliver oxygen from the nitrogen generator to the NOx generator. 7. The SCR system of claim 1, further comprising an oxygen line coupled between the hydrogen generation cell and the NOx generator to deliver oxygen from the hydrogen generation cell to the NOx generator. 8. The SCR system of claim 1, further comprising: a NOx sensor coupled to an exhaust of the reduction chamber to detect NOx in the exhaust of the reduction chamber; and a controller coupled to the NOx sensor and to the ammonia product generation system to control generation of the on-board ammonia product based on the NOx detected in the exhaust of the reduction chamber. 9. The SCR system of claim 1, further comprising: a particulate filter coupled to the NOx generator; and an oxygen line coupled between the particulate filter and at least one of the nitrogen generator and the hydrogen generation cell to direct oxygen to the particulate filter. 10. The SCR system of claim 1, further comprising an injection pump coupled between the catalyst combining reactor and the reduction chamber to pump the ammonia product from the catalyst combining reactor into the reduction chamber. 11. The SCR system of claim 1, wherein the ammonia product comprises ammonia (NH3). 12. An on-board ammonia product generation system, comprising: a nitrogen generator coupled to an air source inlet, the nitrogen generator to remove oxygen from air; a hydrogen generation cell coupled to a hydrogen source inlet to receive H2O from an on-board NOx generator, the hydrogen generation cell to separate hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing compound, wherein the hydrogen-containing compound comprises the H2O from the on-board NOx generator; and a catalyst combining reactor coupled to each of the nitrogen generator and the hydrogen generation cell, the catalyst combining reactor to generate the ammonia product from nitrogen from the nitrogen generator and hydrogen from the hydrogen generation cell. 13. The on-board ammonia product generation system of claim 12, further comprising an on-board water source coupled to the hydrogen source inlet of the hydrogen generation cell to supply water in addition to the H2O from the on-board NOx generator. 14. The on-board ammonia product generation system of claim 12, wherein the nitrogen generator comprises a solid electrolyte oxygen separator (SEOS). 15. The on-board ammonia product generation system of claim 12, wherein the nitrogen generator comprises a polymeric membrane electrolyte nitrogen generator. 16. The on-board ammonia product generation system of claim 12, wherein the nitrogen generator comprises a pressure swing absorption nitrogen generator. 17. The on-board ammonia product generation system of claim 12, wherein the nitrogen generator comprises a combination of at least two distinct separators for separating nitrogen from oxygen in air. 18. The on-board ammonia product generation system of claim 12, further comprising an injection pump coupled to the catalyst combining reactor to pump the ammonia product out of the catalyst combining reactor. 19. The on-board ammonia product generation system of claim 12, wherein the ammonia product comprises ammonia (NH3). 20. A method of reducing NOx in emissions from a NOx generator, the method comprising: generating an ammonia product at a location on-site with the NOx generator, wherein generating the ammonia product comprises introducing water from the NOx generator into a hydrogen generation cell; introducing emissions including NOx from the NOx generator into a reduction chamber; and introducing the ammonia product into the reduction chamber, wherein the ammonia product reacts with the emissions to reduce the NOx within the emissions. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein generating the ammonia product comprises: generating nitrogen from air; generating hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing compound; and combining the nitrogen and the hydrogen on-site at the NOx generator to form the ammonia product. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising: sensing at least one component of the emissions; generating a feedback signal to a controller to indicate a level of the component in the emissions; and changing a rate of generation of the ammonia product based on the feedback signal to control a level of the NOx in the emissions. 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising introducing oxygen from at least one of a nitrogen generator and a hydrogen generation cell into at least one of the NOx generator and a particulate filter coupled to the NOx generator. 24. A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, comprising: a NOx generator; a particulate filter coupled to the NOx generator; an on-board ammonia product generation system, the on-board ammonia product generation system comprising: a nitrogen generator coupled to an air intake; a hydrogen generation cell coupled to a source of a hydrogen-containing compound; and a catalyst combining reactor coupled to each of the nitrogen generator and the hydrogen generation cell; a reduction chamber coupled to each of the NOx generator and the on-board ammonia product generation system, the reduction chamber to receive on-board generated ammonia product from the catalyst combining reactor and NOx from the NOx generator for conversion of the NOx into at least H2O and nitrogen; and an oxygen line coupled between the particulate filter and the on-board ammonia product generation system to direct oxygen from the on-board ammonia product generation system to the particulate filter. 25. The SCR system of claim 24, wherein the oxygen line is coupled between the particulate filter and the nitrogen generator to direct the oxygen from the nitrogen generator to the particulate filter. 26. The SCR system of claim 24, wherein the oxygen line is coupled between the particulate filter and the hydrogen generation cell to direct the oxygen from the hydrogen generation cell to the particulate filter. 27. The SCR system of claim 24, further comprising an H2O line coupled between the NOx generator and the hydrogen generation cell to deliver H2O from the NOx generator to the hydrogen generation cell. 28. The SCR system of claim 24, wherein the nitrogen generator comprises at least one separator of a solid electrolyte oxygen separator (SEOS), a polymeric membrane electrolyte nitrogen generator, and a pressure swing absorption nitrogen generator. 29. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the nitrogen generator comprises a combination at least two separators. 30. The SCR system of claim 24, wherein the hydrogen generation cell comprises an H2O electrolysis cell. 31. The SCR system of claim 24, wherein the hydrogen generation cell comprises a reformer to generate hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing material through at least catalytic reformation or plasma reformation. 32. The SCR system of claim 24, further comprising an oxygen line coupled between the nitrogen generator and the NOx generator to deliver oxygen from the nitrogen generator to the NOx generator. 33. The SCR system of claim 24, further comprising an oxygen line coupled between the hydrogen generation cell and the NOx generator to deliver oxygen from the hydrogen generation cell to the NOx generator. 34. The SCR system of claim 24, further comprising: a NOx sensor coupled to an exhaust of the reduction chamber to detect NOx in the exhaust of the reduction chamber; and a controller coupled to the NOx sensor and to the ammonia product generation system to control generation of the on-board ammonia product based on the NOx detected in the exhaust of the reduction chamber. 35. The SCR system of claim 24, further comprising an injection pump coupled between the catalyst combining reactor and the reduction chamber to pump the ammonia product from the catalyst combining reactor into the reduction chamber. 36. The SCR system of claim 24, wherein the ammonia product comprises ammonia (NH3).
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Czernichowski Piotr,FRX ; Czernichowski Albin,FRX, Conversion of hydrocarbons assisted by gliding electric arcs in the presence of water vapor and/or carbon dioxide.
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