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Wavefront measurements of eyes are normally taken when the pupil is relatively large, and the results are often represented by a set of Zernike coefficients. Different sets of Zernike coefficients can be calculated to represent aberrations at smaller pupil sizes. While recently described techniques

Wavefront measurements of eyes are normally taken when the pupil is relatively large, and the results are often represented by a set of Zernike coefficients. Different sets of Zernike coefficients can be calculated to represent aberrations at smaller pupil sizes. While recently described techniques allow scaling of the expansion coefficients with Zernike polynomials, a more intuitive approach would be desirable. Such an approach may optionally derive an equivalent result as known techniques, but may employ a much simpler and nonrecursive formula between the new and the original sets of Zernike polynomial expansion coefficients of a wavefront when the aperture size is scaled.

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What is claimed is: 1. A method of calculating a modified normalized Zernike expansion coefficient for an optical system, the method comprising: inputting an original normalized Zernike expansion coefficient for the optical system, the original normalized Zernike expansion coefficient associated wi

What is claimed is: 1. A method of calculating a modified normalized Zernike expansion coefficient for an optical system, the method comprising: inputting an original normalized Zernike expansion coefficient for the optical system, the original normalized Zernike expansion coefficient associated with a first aperture dimension; and calculating a modified normalized Zernike expansion coefficient for the optical system, the modified normalized Zernike expansion coefficient associated with a second aperture dimension, wherein the modified normalized Zernike expansion coefficient is calculated based on the original normalized Zernike expansion coefficient scaled by a scaling factor, the scaling factor comprising a ratio of the second aperture dimension to the first aperture dimension, the ratio raised to the power of a factor comprising a radial degree of the coefficient. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aperture dimension comprises an aperture radius. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical system comprises an optical tissue of a patient, and the aperture dimension comprises a pupil dimension. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the pupil dimension comprises a pupil radius. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first aperture dimension is greater than the second aperture dimension. 6. A method of determining an optical surface model for an optical tissue system of an eye, the method comprising: inputting a first optical data corresponding to the optical tissue system of the eye, the first optical data comprising a first set of normalized Zernike expansion coefficients corresponding to a first pupil radius of the eye; calculating a second optical data corresponding to the optical tissue of the eye, the second optical data comprising a second set of normalized Zernike expansion coefficients corresponding to a second pupil radius of the eye, wherein the second set of normalized Zernike expansion coefficient is calculated based on the first set of normalized Zernike expansion coefficients scaled by a scaling factor, the scaling factor comprising a ratio of the second aperture dimension to the first aperture dimension, the ratio raised to the power of a factor comprising a radial degree of the coefficient; and determining the optical surface model based on the second optical data. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first pupil radius of the eye is greater than the second pupil radius of the eye. 8. A system for calculating a modified normalized Zernike expansion coefficient for an optical system, the system comprising: means for inputting an original normalized Zernike expansion coefficient for the optical system, the original normalized Zernike expansion coefficient associated with a first aperture dimension; and means for calculating a modified normalized Zernike expansion coefficient for the optical system, the modified normalized Zernike expansion coefficient associated with a second aperture dimension, wherein the modified normalized Zernike expansion coefficient is calculated based on the original normalized Zernike expansion coefficient scaled by a scaling factor, the scaling factor comprising a ratio of the second aperture dimension to the first aperture dimension, the ratio raised to the power of a factor comprising a radial degree of the coefficient. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the aperture dimension comprises an aperture radius. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the optical system comprises an optical tissue of a patient, and the aperture dimension comprises a pupil dimension. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the pupil dimension comprises a pupil radius. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the first aperture dimension is greater than the second aperture dimension. 13. A method of calculating effective powers of an optical system, the method comprising: calculating a first effective power using a first Zernike expansion coefficient for the optical system, the first Zernike expansion coefficient associated with a first aperture dimension; and calculating a second effective power using a second Zernike expansion coefficient for the optical system, the second Zernike expansion coefficient associated with a second aperture dimension, scaled relative to the first Zernike expansion coefficient using a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the second aperture dimension to the first aperture dimension raised to a power of a factor comprising a radial degree of the coefficient. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the optical system comprises an optical tissue of a patient, and the aperture dimension comprises a pupil dimension. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pupil dimension comprises a pupil radius. 16. A system for calculating effective power for an optical system, the system comprising: means for inputting a first Zernike expansion coefficient for the optical system, the first Zernike expansion coefficient associated with a first aperture dimension; and means for calculating a second effective power using a second Zernike expansion coefficient for the optical system, the second Zernike expansion coefficient associated with a second aperture dimension and scaled relative to the first Zernike expansion coefficient using a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the second aperture dimension to the first aperture dimension raised to a power of a factor comprising a radial degree of the coefficient. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the optical system comprises an optical tissue of a patient, and the aperture dimension comprises a pupil dimension. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the pupil dimension comprises a pupil radius.