초록 ▼

There is described a biocompatible implant for the filling of a cavity in a living organism such as, for example, a bone defect or an extraction wound, comprising an open porous scaffold and/or a composite matrix comprising a plurality of inorganic or synthetic granules and a synthetic polymer matri

There is described a biocompatible implant for the filling of a cavity in a living organism such as, for example, a bone defect or an extraction wound, comprising an open porous scaffold and/or a composite matrix comprising a plurality of inorganic or synthetic granules and a synthetic polymer matrix, and further comprising a biodegradable membrane which is interconnectibly sealed to a surface portion of the scaffold or composite matrix such, that the scaffold or composite matrix and the membrane form a single piece of matter. In one embodiment, the implant is biodegradable.

대표청구항 ▼

The invention claimed is: 1. Biocompatible implant for the treatment of defects in a living organism such as bone defects or tooth extraction wounds, comprising at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, wherein said implant is comprised of an open porous

The invention claimed is: 1. Biocompatible implant for the treatment of defects in a living organism such as bone defects or tooth extraction wounds, comprising at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, wherein said implant is comprised of an open porous scaffold and a membrane covering at least a part of said scaffold and being sealed to it such that said scaffold and said membrane form a single piece of matter that is resorbable by an organism, wherein at least a portion of the open porous scaffold allows an in-growth of regenerating bone tissue, wherein said scaffold is comprised of fused, biocompatible, biodegradable granules selected from the group consisting of solid granules, porous granules, hollow granules, hollow granules with at least one opening in the granule, and a mixture thereof; said granules having an equivalent-diameter in a range between about 100 μm to about 2000 μm, a major portion of said granules being coated with at least one biocompatible and biodegradable layer of a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(α-hydroxyesters), poly(ortho esters), poly(ether esters), polyanhydrides, poly(phosphazenes), poly(propylene fumarates), poly(ester amides), poly(ethylene fumarates), poly(amino acids), polysaccharides, polypeptides, poly(hydroxy butyrates), poly(hydroxy valerates), polyurethanes, poly(malic acid), polylactides, polyglycolides, polycaprolactones, poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonates), polydioxanones, and copolymers, terpolymers thereof, and blends thereof; and said polymer coating having a thickness in a range between 1 μm to 300 μm. 2. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said implant is biodegradable. 3. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said scaffold is comprised of a synthetic, biocompatible and biodegradable material. 4. Biocompatible implant according to claim 3, wherein said scaffold is comprised of a biopolymer, bioglass, bioceramic, calcium sulfate, or calcium phosphate. 5. Biocompatible implant according to claim 3, wherein said scaffold is comprised of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, monocalcium phosphate anhydrous, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous, tetracalcium phophate, calcium orthophosphate phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, α-tricalcium phosphate, β-tricalcium phosphate, or hydroxyapatite. 6. Biocompatible implant according to claim 3, wherein said scaffold is comprised of poly(α-hydroxyesters), poly(ortho esters), poly(ether esters), polyanhydrides, poly(phosphazenes), poly(propylene fumarates), poly(ester amides), poly(ethylene fumarates), poly(amino acids), polysaccharides, polypeptides, poly(hydroxy butyrates), poly(hydroxy valerates), polyurethanes, poly(malic acid), polylactides, polyglycolides, polycaprolactones, poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonates), polydioxanones, or co-polymers, terpolymers thereof or blends thereof, or a combination of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. 7. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said granules have an equivalent-diameter in a range between about 500 μm to about 1000 μm. 8. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said polymer coating has a thickness in a range between 5 μm to 30 μm. 9. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said granules have a spherical shape. 10. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said scaffold has an open porous configuration with interconnected pores having a size in a range between about 10 μm to about 2000 μm. 11. Biocompatible implant according to claim 10, wherein said interconnected pores have a size in a range between about 100 μm to about 500 μm. 12. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said membrane is made of a synthetic, biocompatible and biodegradable polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(α-hydroxyesters), poly(ortho esters), poly(ether esters), polyanhydrides, poly(phosphazenes), poly(propylene fumarates), poly(ester amides), poly(ethylene fumarates), poly(amino acids), polysaccharides, polypeptides, poly(hydroxy butyrates), poly(hydroxy valerates), polyurethanes, poly(malic acid), polylactides, polyglycolides, polycaprolactones, poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonates), polydioxanones, and copolymers, terpolymers thereof, and blends thereof. 13. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said biodegradable membrane is a polymer film, a polymer textile, a polymer fleece, a layer of fused polymer particles or a combination thereof, thus forming at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, and having a thickness in a range between about 10 μm to about 3000 μm. 14. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said biodegradable membrane is made of fused polymer particles. 15. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said membrane has a configuration such as to allow a transport of fluids and/or molecules through the membrane, but forming a barrier against soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth into the implant. 16. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the membrane has a porous configuration, said porosity being formed by pores having sizes in the range between about 1 μm to 500 μm. 17. Biocompatible implant according to claim 16, wherein said pores have sizes in a range between about 5 μm to 50 μm. 18. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said membrane comprises at least one non-porous layer. 19. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, further comprising at least one biologically active substance which is integrated in said scaffold and/or in said granules and/or in a coating applied to the granules or implant and/or in said membrane and/or which is encapsulated in microspheres which are loaded into said scaffold and/or into said membrane and/or within macropores between said granules. 20. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, further comprising at least one additive that is integrated into said scaffold and/or into said membrane. 21. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein an exposed surface of said biocompatible implant allows cell growth into the scaffold. 22. Biocompatible implant according to claim 1, wherein said biocompatible implant is seeded with cells. 23. Biocompatible implant for the treatment of defects in a living organism such as bone defects or tooth extraction wounds, comprising at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, wherein said implant is comprised of an open porous scaffold and a membrane covering at least a part of said scaffold and being sealed to it such that said scaffold and said membrane form a single piece of matter that is resorbable by an organism, wherein at least a portion of the open porous scaffold allows an in-growth of regenerating bone tissue, wherein said biodegradable membrane is a polymer film, a polymer textile, a polymer fleece, a layer of fused polymer particles or a combination thereof, thus forming at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, and having a thickness in a range between about 10 μm to about 3000 μm, wherein said at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth has a thickness in a range between about 50 μm to about 1000 μm. 24. Biocompatible implant for the treatment of defects in a living organism such as bone defects or tooth extraction wounds, comprising at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, wherein said implant is comprised of an open porous scaffold and a membrane covering at least a part of said scaffold and being sealed to it such that said scaffold and said membrane form a single piece of matter that is resorbable by an organism, wherein at least a portion of the open porous scaffold allows an in-growth of regenerating bone tissue, wherein said biodegradable membrane is made of fused polymer particles, wherein said fused polymer particles comprise microspheres, pellets or granules, having a size smaller than about 500 μm. 25. Biocompatible implant for the treatment of defects in a living organism such as bone defects or tooth extraction wounds, comprising at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, wherein said implant is comprised of an open porous scaffold and a membrane covering at least a part of said scaffold and being sealed to it such that said scaffold and said membrane form a single piece of matter that is resorbable by an organism, wherein at least a portion of the open porous scaffold allows an in-growth of regenerating bone tissue, wherein said membrane comprises at least two layers, one of said layers having a barrier function against soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth in the scaffold, and a second layer, which is in direct contact with the surrounding living organism, allowing the stabilization and anchorage of soft tissue which tends to close the wound. 26. Biocompatible implant for the treatment of defects in a living organism such as bone defects or tooth extraction wounds, comprising at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, wherein said implant is comprised of an open porous scaffold and a membrane covering at least a part of said scaffold and being sealed to it such that said scaffold and said membrane form a single piece of matter that is resorbable by an organism, wherein at least a portion of the open porous scaffold allows an in-growth of regenerating bone tissue, said scaffold and/or said membrane including void spaces that are at least partially filled with at least one of air or gas, polymer, liquid, gel, or solid particles. 27. Biocompatible implant for the treatment of defects in a living organism such as bone defects or tooth extraction wounds, comprising at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, wherein said implant is comprised of an open porous scaffold and a membrane covering at least a part of said scaffold and being sealed to it such that said scaffold and said membrane form a single piece of matter that is resorbable by an organism, wherein at least a portion of the open porous scaffold allows an in-growth of regenerating bone tissue, further comprising at least one additive that is integrated into said scaffold and/or into said membrane, wherein said at least one additive comprises a plasticizer. 28. Biocompatible implant for the treatment of defects in a living organism such as bone defects or tooth extraction wounds, comprising at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, wherein said implant is made of a composite matrix and a membrane covering at least a part of said composite matrix and being sealed to it such that said composite matrix and said membrane form a single piece of matter, said composite matrix comprising a plurality of inorganic or synthetic granules bonded or held together by a synthetic polymer matrix, said inorganic or synthetic granules selected from the group consisting of solid granules, porous granules, hollow granules, hollow granules with at least one opening in the granule, and a mixture thereof; said granules having an equivalent-diameter in a range between about 100 μm to about 2000 μm. 29. Biocompatible implant according to claim 28, wherein said implant is biodegradable. 30. Biocompatible implant according to claim 28, said inorganic or synthetic granules comprising at least one of biopolymers, bioglasses, bioceramics, or a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(α-hydroxyesters), poly(ortho esters), poly(ether esters), polyanhydrides, poly(phosphazenes), poly(propylene fumarates), poly(ester amides), poly(ethylene fumarates), poly(amino acids), polysaccharides, polypeptides, poly(hydroxy butyrates), poly(hydroxy valerates), polyurethanes, poly(malic acid), polylactides, polyglycolides, polycaprolactones, poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonates), polydioxanones, and co-polymers, terpolymers thereof and blends thereof, or a combination of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. 31. Biocompatible implant according to claim 30, wherein said inorganic or synthetic granules comprise calcium sulfate or calcium phosphate. 32. Biocompatible implant according to claim 31, wherein said inorganic or synthetic granules comprise monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, monocalcium phosphate anhydrous, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous, tetracalcium phophate, calcium orthophosphate phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, α-tricalcium phosphate, β-tricalcium phosphate, or apatite. 33. Biocompatible implant according to claim 32, wherein said inorganic or synthetic granules comprise hydroxyapatite. 34. Biocompatible implant according to claim 28, said synthetic polymer matrix comprising at least one of poly(α-hydroxyesters), poly(ortho esters), poly(ether esters), polyanhydrides, poly(phosphazenes), poly(propylene fumarates), poly(ester amides), poly(ethylene fumarates), poly(amino acids), polysaccharides, polypeptides, poly(hydroxy butyrates), poly(hydroxy valerates), polyurethanes, poly(malic acid), polylactides, polyglycolides, polycaprolactones, poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonates), polydioxanones, and copolymers, terpolymers thereof, and blends thereof. 35. Biocompatible implant according to claim 28, said composite matrix having an open porous configuration with interconnected pores having a size in a range between about 10 μm to about 2000 μm. 36. Biocompatible implant for the treatment of defects in a living organism such as bone defects or tooth extraction wounds, comprising at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, wherein said implant is made of a composite matrix and a membrane covering at least a part of said composite matrix and being sealed to it such that said composite matrix and said membrane form a single piece of matter, said composite matrix comprising a plurality of inorganic or synthetic granules bonded or held together by a synthetic polymer matrix, said composite matrix including void spaces between adjacent granules that are at least partially filled with at least one of air or gas, polymer, liquid, gel, or solid particles. 37. Biocompatible implant for the treatment of defects in a living organism such as bone defects or tooth extraction wounds, comprising at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, wherein said implant is made of a composite matrix and a membrane covering at least a part of said composite matrix and being sealed to it such that said composite matrix and said membrane form a single piece of matter, said composite matrix comprising a plurality of inorganic or synthetic granules bonded or held together by a synthetic polymer matrix, said composite matrix including void spaces between adjacent granules that are filled with at least a biologically active substance. 38. Biocompatible implant for the treatment of defects in a living organism such as bone defects or tooth extraction wounds, comprising at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, wherein said implant is made of a composite matrix and a membrane covering at least a part of said composite matrix and being sealed to it such that said composite matrix and said membrane form a single piece of matter, said composite matrix comprising a plurality of inorganic or synthetic granules bonded or held together by a synthetic polymer matrix, wherein said biodegradable membrane is a polymer film, a polymer textile, a polymer fleece, a layer of fused polymer particles or a combination thereof, thus forming at least one zone of impermeability to soft tissue and/or epithelial cells in-growth, and having a thickness of about 10 μm to about 3000 μm.