초록 ▼

The present invention provides a synthetic strategy for creating a new class of materials called hybrid mesoporous, macroporous, or mesoporous-macroporous organometaloxide materials, exemplified but not limited to hybrid mesoporous organosilicas. This strategy involves taking a pre-assembled mesopor

The present invention provides a synthetic strategy for creating a new class of materials called hybrid mesoporous, macroporous, or mesoporous-macroporous organometaloxide materials, exemplified but not limited to hybrid mesoporous organosilicas. This strategy involves taking a pre-assembled mesoporous material having a porous framework and then attaching an organic, inorganic or biological guest molecule to the pore walls of the framework material through two or more chemical linkages. The unusual combination of inorganic and organic components organized into a material with mesoscale porosity and having bridge bonded organic, organometallic, or biological functionalized surfaces suggests a myriad of uses for these composite materials, such as the controlled release and uptake of chemicals and drugs, chiral separations and catalysis, electronic printing and microelectronic packaging, thermal and acoustical insulation.

대표청구항 ▼

Therefore what is claimed is: 1. A hybrid porous material having a porous framework material and pre-selected organic, organometallic, or biological molecules chemically attached to a surface of walls of pores of the porous framework through two or more chemical linkages. 2. The material accordin

Therefore what is claimed is: 1. A hybrid porous material having a porous framework material and pre-selected organic, organometallic, or biological molecules chemically attached to a surface of walls of pores of the porous framework through two or more chemical linkages. 2. The material according to claim 1 in which the porous framework material is a porous metaloxide. 3. The material according to claim 1 in which the porous framework material is a mesoporous metaloxide. 4. The material according to claim 1 in which the porous framework material is a macroporous metaloxide. 5. The material according to claim 1 in which the porous framework material is a mesoporous-macroporous metaloxide. 6. The material according to claim 2 in which the metaloxide is silica. 7. The material according to claim 2 in which the metaloxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of boron, magnesium, aluminum, gallium, germanium, tin, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and mixed metals. 8. The material according to claim 1 in which the porous framework material is a porous organometaloxide. 9. The material according to claim 8 in which the porous organometaloxide is a mesoporous organometaloxide. 10. The material according to claim 8 in which the porous organometaloxide is a macroporous organometaloxide. 11. The material according to claim 8 in which the porous organometaloxide is a mesoporous-macroporous organometaloxide. 12. The material according to claim 8 in which the organometaloxide is organosilica. 13. The material according to claim 3 in which the mesoporous metaloxide is mesoporous silica selected from the group consisting of MCM41, MCM48 and SBA type mesoporous silica. 14. The material according to claim 1 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are amorphous. 15. The material according to claim 1 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are crystalline. 16. The material according to claim 1 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are partially crystalline. 17. The material according to claim 1 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are periodically ordered. 18. The material according to claim 1 in which pores of the porous framework material are disordered. 19. The material according to claim 1 in which the porous framework material is an inverted opal. 20. The material according to claim 1 in which the pre-selected molecules are silsesquioxanes. 21. The material according to claim 20 wherein the silsesquioxanes are selected from the group consisting of bis(triethoxysilyl)methane; 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene; 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene; 1,3-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene; 1,3,5-tris(triethoxysilyl)benzene, and combinations thereof. 22. The material according to claim 1 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are partially covered by the pre-selected molecules. 23. The material according to claim 1 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are substantially completely covered by the pre-selected molecules. 24. The material according to claim 1 in which the pre-selected molecules bound to pore walls of the porous framework material are of a single type. 25. The material according to claim 1 in which the pre-selected molecules bound to pore walls of the porous framework material are of two or more different types. 26. The material according to claim 1 in which the pre-selected molecules bound to the pore walls to form at least one layer or multiple layers. 27. The material according to claim 1 in which the linkages between the framework and the pre-selected molecules are Si—O—Si linkages or Si—R—Si linkages. 28. The material according to claim 1 formed as a powder. 29. The material according to claim 1 formed as a film. 30. The material according to claim 1 formed as a monolith. 31. A method of synthesizing a hybrid porous material having a porous framework material and pre-selected organic, organometallic, or biological molecules chemically attached to a surface of pore walls of the porous framework through two or more chemical linkages, comprising the steps of: a) preparing a porous framework material having pores and pore walls throughout with preselected porosity; and b) chemically binding pre-selected organic, organometallic, or biological molecules to a surface of the pore walls of the porous framework material through two or more chemical linkages. 32. The method according to claim 31 wherein the step of preparing a porous framework material includes synthesizing the porous framework material by mixing a particulate constituent of the framework material with a suitable supramolecular template under conditions suitable for self-assembly of the particulate constituent to form the framework material, and removing the supramolecular template. 33. The method according to claim 31 in which the framework material is a metaloxide. 34. The method according to claim 33 in which the suitable supramolecular template is selected to give a porous framework material which is a mesoporous metaloxide. 35. The method according to claim 33 in which the suitable supramolecular template is selected to give a porous framework material which is a macroporous metaloxide. 36. The method according to claim 33 in which the suitable supramolecular template is selected to give a porous framework material which is a mesoporous-macroporous metaloxide. 37. The method according to claim 33 in which the metaloxide is silica. 38. The method according to claim 33 in which the metaloxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of boron, magnesium, aluminum, gallium, indium, germanium, tin, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and mixed metals. 39. The method according to claim 31 in which the framework material is an organometaloxide. 40. The method according to claim 39 in which the suitable supramolecular template is selected so that the porous organometaloxide is a mesoporous organometaloxide. 41. The method according to claim 39 in which the suitable supramolecular template is selected so that the porous organometaloxide is a macroporous organometaloxide. 42. The method according to claim 39 in which the suitable supramolecular template is selected so that the porous organometaloxide is a mesoporous-macroporous organometaloxide. 43. The method according to claim 39, in which the organometaloxide is organosilica. 44. The method according to claim 34 in which the mesoporous metaloxide is mesoporous silica selected from the group consisting of MCM41, MCM48 and SBA type mesoporous silica. 45. The method according to claim 31 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are amorphous. 46. The method according to claim 31 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are crystalline. 47. The method according to claim 31 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are partially crystalline. 48. The method according to claim 31 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are periodically ordered. 49. The method according to claim 31 in which pores of the porous framework material are disordered. 50. The method according to claim 31 in which the porous framework material is an inverted opal. 51. The method according to claim 31 in which the pre-selected molecules are silsesquioxanes. 52. The method according to claim 51 wherein the silsesquioxanes are selected from the group consisting of bis(triethoxysilyl)methane; 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene; 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene; 1,3-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene; 1,3,5-tris(triethoxysilyl)benzene, and combinations thereof. 53. The method according to claim 31 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are partially covered by the pre-selected molecules. 54. The method according to claim 31 in which pore walls of the porous framework material are substantially completely covered by the pre-selected molecules. 55. The method according to claim 31 in which the pre-selected molecules bound to pore walls of the porous framework material are of a single type. 56. The method according to claim 31 in which the pre-selected molecules bound to pore walls of the porous framework material are of two or more different types. 57. The method according to claim 31 in which the pre-selected molecules bound to the pore walls to form at least one layer or multiple layers. 58. The method according to claim 31 in which the linkages between the porous framework material and the pre-selected molecules are Si—O—Si linkages or Si—R—Si linkages. 59. The method according to claim 31 including a step of forming the hybrid porous material as a powder. 60. The method according to claim 31 including a step of forming the hybrid porous material as a film. 61. The method according to claim 31 including a step of forming the hybrid porous material as a monolith.