IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
UP-0507219
(2006-08-21)
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등록번호 |
US-7802423
(2010-10-21)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Frydman, Arnaldo
- Liu, Ke
- Deluga, Gregg Anthony
- Ladd, David Eric
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출원인 / 주소 |
|
대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
1 인용 특허 :
9 |
초록
▼
A system and method for the reduction of NOx emissions from combustion sources are provided. The system includes a fuel tank, fuel converter unit, condensor unit, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit and an engine. The condenser unit includes a generally cylindrical inner wall defining a cavity
A system and method for the reduction of NOx emissions from combustion sources are provided. The system includes a fuel tank, fuel converter unit, condensor unit, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit and an engine. The condenser unit includes a generally cylindrical inner wall defining a cavity having a first lower end and a second upper end, the first lower end is configured to include a gas inlet for receiving a gas mixture from the fuel converter and the second upper end is configured to include a gas outlet in fluid communication with the SCR unit. A heat exchanger is disposed within the cavity of the condensor unit to contact the gas mixture and separate heavy hydrocarbons from light hydrocarbons, wherein the light hydrocarbons are fed to the SCR unit and the heavy hydrocarbons are condensed and either send back to the fuel tank or directly to the engine for combustion.
대표청구항
▼
What is claimed is: 1. A method comprising: converting in the presence of a catalyst composition, a heavy hydrocarbon molecule having 13 or more carbon atoms per molecule into a light hydrocarbon molecule having 12 or less carbon atoms per molecule; wherein the catalyst composition comprises sites
What is claimed is: 1. A method comprising: converting in the presence of a catalyst composition, a heavy hydrocarbon molecule having 13 or more carbon atoms per molecule into a light hydrocarbon molecule having 12 or less carbon atoms per molecule; wherein the catalyst composition comprises sites that perform a cracking function and sites that perform a catalytic partial oxidation function, wherein the cracking function enables the conversion of the heavy hydrocarbon molecules to light hydrocarbon molecules, and wherein the catalytic partial oxidation function enables oxidation of a hydrocarbon based fossil fuel and coke that is deposited on the catalyst composition; separating the light hydrocarbon molecules from heavy hydrocarbon molecules by condensing the heavy hydrocarbons into a condensate; reacting the light hydrocarbon molecules with an exhaust stream of an engine in the presence of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst; and reducing NOx content in the exhaust stream. 2. The method as in claim 1, wherein the converting of the heavy hydrocarbon molecules to the light hydrocarbon molecules occurs in the presence of a secondary gas comprising hot gases from the exhaust stream of the engine. 3. The method as in claim 1, further comprising feeding the light hydrocarbon molecules to the selective catalytic reduction catalyst. 4. The method as in claim 1, further comprising feeding the heavy hydrocarbon molecules to the engine or a fuel tank. 5. The method as in claim 4, wherein the separating step occurs in a condensor unit maintained at a predetermined separation temperature setpoint. 6. The method as in claim 5, wherein the predetermined temperature setpoint is chosen from a range that is less than or equal to the dew point of the lightest hydrocarbon species of all of the hydrocarbon species desired to be condensed from the gas, and greater than the dew point of the heaviest hydrocarbon species of all the hydrocarbon species desired to remain in a vapor state. 7. The method as in claim 6, wherein the predetermined temperature setpoint is the dew point of the lightest hydrocarbon species to be separated and condensed from the gas mixture entering the condensor unit. 8. A locomotive employing the method of claim 1 on-board. 9. A system for reducing NOx emissions comprising: a fuel tank in fluid communication with a fuel converter, wherein the fuel converter is located down stream of the fuel tank and wherein the fuel converter comprises a catalyst composition that is operative to continuously convert heavy hydrocarbons having 13 or more carbon atoms per molecule into light hydrocarbons having 12 or less carbon atoms per molecule to form a gas mixture; a condensor unit located downstream of the fuel converter and upstream of a selective catalytic reduction unit; the selective catalytic reduction unit in fluid communication with the condensor unit and located downstream of the condensor unit; and an engine in fluid communication with the fuel tank and the selective catalytic reduction unit, wherein the engine is located downstream of the fuel tank and upstream of the selective catalytic reduction unit; wherein the condensor unit comprises a generally cylindrical inner wall defining a cavity having a first lower end and a second upper end, the first lower end is configured to include a gas inlet for receiving the gas mixture from the fuel converter and the second upper end is configured to include the gas outlet in fluid communication with the selective catalytic reduction unit, and a heat exchanger disposed within the cavity along the cylindrical wall dividing the cavity into a lower cavity and an upper cavity, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to contact the gas mixture entering the gas inlet, to allow light hydrocarbons to flow to the selective catalytic reduction unit via the gas outlet, to condense the heavy hydrocarbons to a condensate and collect the condensate in the lower cavity. 10. The system as in claim 9, further comprising an outer wall substantially surrounding the inner wall and forming a gap therebetween, the gap being in fluid communication with the heat exchanger. 11. The system as in claim 10, wherein a coolant is circulated through the heat exchanger and the gap. 12. The system as in claim 11, further comprising a temperature controller configured to maintain a predetermined temperature setpoint of the gas flowing out of the gas outlet by modulating the flow of coolant. 13. The system as in claim 12, wherein the gas mixture comprises a plurality of hydrocarbon species and wherein the predetermined temperature setpoint is chosen from a range that is less than or equal to the dew point of the lightest hydrocarbon species of all of the hydrocarbon species desired to be condensed from the gas, and greater than the dew point of the heaviest hydrocarbon species of all the hydrocarbon species desired to remain in a vapor state. 14. The system as in claim 13, wherein the predetermined temperature setpoint is the dew point of the lightest hydrocarbon species to be separated from the gas mixture entering the condensor unit. 15. The system as in claim 13, wherein the first lower end of the inner wall includes a condensate outlet port for draining the condensate of heavy hydrocarbons from the lower cavity and feeding the condensate to the engine. 16. The system as in claim 15, further comprising a liquid level control apparatus, wherein a minimum level of condensate is maintained in the lower cavity to prevent the gas mixture entering the gas inlet from escaping through the condensate outlet port. 17. The system as in claim 9, wherein exhaust gas from the engine is fed to the selective catalytic reduction unit where the light hydrocarbons react with the exhaust gas to reduce NOx content in the exhaust gas. 18. The system as in claim 9, wherein the catalyst composition comprises sites that perform a cracking function and sites that perform a catalytic partial oxidation function, wherein the cracking function enables the conversion of the heavy hydrocarbon molecules to light hydrocarbon molecules, and wherein the catalytic partial oxidation function enables oxidation of a hydrocarbon-based fossil fuel and coke that is deposited on the catalyst composition. 19. The system as in claim 9, wherein the fuel tank comprises diesel, kerosene, bio-diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, logistic fuel and fuel oil. 20. A vehicle or stationary generator employing the system of claim 9. 21. A locomotive employing the system of claim 9 on-board. 22. A condensor unit comprising: a generally cylindrical inner wall defining a cavity having a first lower end and a second upper end, the first lower end is configured to include a gas inlet and the second upper end is configured to include a gas outlet; a heat exchanger disposed within the cavity along the cylindrical wall dividing the cavity into a lower cavity and an upper cavity, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to contact a gas entering the gas inlet, to allow a gaseous species to exit via the gas outlet, to condense a condensate from the gas, and to collect the condensate in the lower cavity; an outer wall substantially surrounding the inner wall and forming a gap therebetween, the gap being in fluid communication with the heat exchanger, wherein a coolant is circulated through the heat exchanger and the gap; and a temperature controller configured to maintain a predetermined temperature setpoint of the gaseous species flowing out of the gas outlet by modulating the flow of the coolant. 23. The condensor unit as in claim 22, wherein the gaseous species comprises light hydrocarbons and the condensate comprises heavy hydrocarbons. 24. The condensor unit as in claim 22, wherein the gas comprises a plurality of hydrocarbon species, and wherein the predetermined temperature setpoint is chosen from a range that is less than or equal to the dew point of the lightest hydrocarbon species of all of the hydrocarbon species desired to be condensed from the gas, and greater than the dew point of the heaviest hydrocarbon species of all the hydrocarbon species desired to remain in a vapor state. 25. The condensor unit as in claim 24, wherein the predetermined temperature setpoint is the dew point of the lightest hydrocarbon species to be separated and condensed from the gas entering the condensor unit. 26. The condensor unit as in claim 24, wherein the first lower end of the inner wall includes a condensate outlet port for draining the condensate from the lower cavity. 27. The condensor unit as in claim 26, further comprising a liquid level control apparatus, wherein a minimum level of condensate is maintained in the lower cavity to prevent the gas entering the gas inlet from escaping through the condensate outlet port.
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