초록

This invention encompasses systems and methods for pretreating a carbonaceous material, comprising heating to a suitable temperature and for a suitable reaction time, a mixture comprising the carbonaceous material, one or more catalysts or catalyst precursors, and a hydrocarbonaceous liquid.

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1. A method for pretreating a carbonaceous material, comprising heating a mixture comprising: (a) the carbonaceous material;(b) one or more catalyst precursors, and(c) a hydrocarbonaceous liquid; to a temperature sufficient and for a time sufficient to cause one or more catalyst precursors to disper

1. A method for pretreating a carbonaceous material, comprising heating a mixture comprising: (a) the carbonaceous material;(b) one or more catalyst precursors, and(c) a hydrocarbonaceous liquid; to a temperature sufficient and for a time sufficient to cause one or more catalyst precursors to disperse into the carbonaceous material; wherein one or more catalysts are formed by sulfiding the one or more catalyst precursors with a sulfiding agent added in the form of a powder, a liquid solution, or a concentrated dispersion. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein no measurable hydroconversion of the carbonaceous material occurs during the pretreating. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more catalysts or catalyst precursors have substantially no catalytic activity during the pretreating. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the one or more catalyst precursors is formed prior to and/or during the pretreating. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture is heated to a temperature of about 100-350° C. for about 10-600 minutes. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the one or more catalyst precursors comprises molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, titanium, iron, nickel, or a mixture of at least two thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfiding of the one or more catalyst precursors comprises: (a) sulfiding an ammonium-containing Group VIB metal compound in an aqueous phase, at a temperature less than about 177° C., to form a presulfided product; and(b) separating ammonia from said presulfided product to form a sulfided product. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfiding of the one or more catalysts comprises: (a) sulfiding an ammonium-containing Group VIB metal compound in an aqueous phase, at a temperature less than about 177° C., to form a presulfided product;(b) separating ammonia from said presulfided product to form a sulfided product; and(c) charging said sulfided product into a hydroprocessing reactor zone at a temperature sufficient to convert said sulfided product in the presence of hydrogen and hydrocarbon oil into one or more active hydroprocessing catalysts. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more hydroprocessing catalysts are characterized by one or more of a pore volume of about 0.1-1 cc/g, a radius pore size of 10-300 angstroms, and a surface area of from about 20-400 m2/g. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbonaceous liquid is a FCC process oil having a boiling point of at least about 500° F. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein less than about 5% hydroconversion of the carbonaceous material occurs during the pretreating. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein less than about 30 wt. % of the one or more catalysts exhibits catalytic activity during the pretreating. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more catalysts or catalyst precursors comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of: a Group IIB metal; a Group IIIB metal; a Group IVA metal; a Group IVB metal; a Group VB metal; a Group VIB metal; a Group VIIB metal; a Group VIII metal; or a combination or mixture thereof. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more catalysts or catalyst precursors comprises molybdenum. 15. A method for improving efficiency of carbonaceous material liquefaction, comprising: i) heating a mixture comprising:a) the carbonaceous material;b) one or more catalyst precursors, andc) a hydrocarbonaceous liquid; to a temperature sufficient and for a time sufficient to cause one or more catalyst precursors to disperse into the carbonaceous material to form a pretreated carbonaceous material; andii) hydroconverting the pretreated carbonaceous material; wherein one or more catalysts are formed by sulfiding the one or more catalyst precursors with a sulfiding agent added in the form of a powder, a liquid solution, or a concentrated liquid dispersion. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein no measurable hydroconversion of the carbonaceous material occurs during the heating step. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the mixture is heated to a temperature of about 100-350° C. for about 10-600 minutes, and wherein the hydroconverting step is performed at a temperature greater than about 400° C. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein said hydroconverting achieves a liquid yield greater than about 60%. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said hydroconverting step is performed at a pressure less than about 2000 psig.