IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0892919
(2004-07-16)
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등록번호 |
US-8153344
(2012-04-10)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Faler, Dennis L.
- Blackburn, Forrest R.
- Stewart, Kevin J.
- Chopra, Anu
- Colton, James P.
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출원인 / 주소 |
- PPG Industries Ohio, Inc.
|
대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
11 인용 특허 :
71 |
초록
▼
Described are aqueous compositions of an effective amount of at least one photosensitive material and at least one polymerizable component that are adapted to at least partially form photosensitive microparticles or at least partially crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles. The photosen
Described are aqueous compositions of an effective amount of at least one photosensitive material and at least one polymerizable component that are adapted to at least partially form photosensitive microparticles or at least partially crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles. The photosensitive polymeric microparticles are made of integral surface and interior domains wherein at least one of the surface and/or interior domains is photosensitive. Also described are aqueous dispersions of such microparticles, ways of producing such microparticles and photosensitive articles such as optical elements that incorporate the photosensitive polymeric microparticles.
대표청구항
▼
1. An aqueous composition comprising an effective amount of at least one photosensitive material and at least one polymerizable component comprising at least one substantially hydrophilic monomer and at least one substantially hydrophobic monomer, said hydrophilic monomer and said hydrophobic monome
1. An aqueous composition comprising an effective amount of at least one photosensitive material and at least one polymerizable component comprising at least one substantially hydrophilic monomer and at least one substantially hydrophobic monomer, said hydrophilic monomer and said hydrophobic monomer being adapted to combine and to at least partially form microparticles of said polymerizable component with which the photosensitive material is associated wherein the photosensitive material comprises at least one functional group capable of reacting with said polymerizable component and is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles. 2. An aqueous composition comprising an effective amount of at least one photosensitive material and at least one polymerizable component comprising at least one hydrophilic functional group and at least one hydrophobic functional group, said at least one photosensitive material and at least one polymerizable component being adapted to form at least partially crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles wherein the photosensitive material comprises at least one functional group capable of reacting with said polymerizable component and is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles. 3. The aqueous composition of claim 2 wherein the photosensitive material is chosen from fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, nonlinear optical materials, photochromic materials or mixtures thereof. 4. The aqueous composition of claim 2 wherein the hydrophilic functional group is provided by at least one substantially hydrophilic monomer and the hydrophobic functional group is provided by at least one substantially hydrophobic monomer. 5. The aqueous composition of claim 4 wherein the polymerizable component further comprises at least one copolymerizable material that is different from the substantially hydrophilic monomer and the substantially hydrophobic monomer. 6. The aqueous composition of claim 4 wherein upon polymerization the substantially hydrophobic monomer forms a polymer having a glass transition temperature greater than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the polymer formed upon polymerization of the substantially hydrophilic monomer. 7. The aqueous composition of claim 4 wherein upon polymerization the substantially hydrophobic monomer forms a polymer having a glass transition temperature less than the glass transition temperature of the polymer formed upon polymerization of the substantially hydrophilic monomer. 8. The aqueous composition of claim 2 wherein the polymerizable component further comprises functionality that is reactive with crosslinking materials. 9. At least partially crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles comprising an at least partially polymerized component comprising integral surface and interior domains wherein said surface domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophilic region, said interior domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophobic region, and at least one of said surface and/or interior domains has photosensitive material associated with said domain and wherein the photosensitive material comprises at least one functional group capable of reacting with said polymerizable component and is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles. 10. The at least partially crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles of claim 9 wherein the surface and/or interior domain that is photosensitive comprises an effective amount of at least one photosensitive material chosen from fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, nonlinear optical materials, photochromic materials or mixtures thereof. 11. The at least partially crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles of claim 9 wherein said photosensitive polymeric microparticles are adapted to form microparticles that are reactive with crosslinking material, magnetic, magnetically responsive, electrically conductive, dichroic, chromatic or combinations thereof. 12. The at least partially crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles of claim 9 wherein the average particle size of said photosensitive polymeric microparticles is within the range of from 10 to 10,000 nanometers. 13. An aqueous dispersion of the at least partially crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles of claim 9. 14. A photosensitive polymeric article comprising at least partially crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles comprising an at least partially polymerized component comprising integral surface and interior domains wherein said surface domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophilic region, said interior domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophobic region, and at least one of said surface and/or interior domains has photosensitive material associated with said domain and wherein the photosensitive material comprises at least one functional group capable of reacting with said polymerizable component and is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles. 15. The photosensitive polymeric article of claim 14 wherein said article is an optical element. 16. The photosensitive polymeric article of claim 15 wherein said optical element is chosen from optical memory elements, display elements, ophthalmic elements, window elements or mirror elements. 17. The photosensitive polymeric article of claim 16 wherein the ophthalmic element is chosen from corrective lenses, non-corrective lenses, contact lenses, intra-ocular lenses, magnifying lenses, protective lenses or visors. 18. A photosensitive article comprising: a) a substrate; andb) an at least partially cured coating composition connected to at least a portion of at least one surface of the substrate, said coating composition comprising an effective amount of at least partially crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles comprising an at least partially polymerized component comprising integral surface and interior domains wherein said surface domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophilic region, said interior domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophobic region, and at least one of said surface and/or interior domains has photosensitive material associated with said domain and wherein the photosensitive material comprises at least one functional group capable of reacting with said polymerizable component and is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles. 19. The photosensitive article of claim 18 wherein the substrate is a material chosen from glass, masonry, textile, ceramic, metal, wood, paper or polymeric organic material. 20. The photosensitive article of claim 18 wherein the substrate material is glass, ceramic or a polymeric organic material. 21. The photosensitive article of claim 20 wherein the substrate is chosen from un-tinted substrates, tinted substrates, photochromic substrates, tinted-photochromic substrates, linearly polarizing substrates, circularly polarizing substrates, elliptically polarizing substrates or reflective substrates. 22. The photosensitive article of claim 18 wherein the at least partially cured coating composition is an adhesive, a paint or an ink. 23. The photosensitive article of claim 22 wherein the coating composition is an adhesive. 24. The photosensitive article of claim 23 wherein said photosensitive article further comprises a first at least partially cured polymeric sheet connected to at least a portion of at least one surface of the coating composition. 25. The photosensitive article of claim 24 wherein said photosensitive article further comprises a second at least partially cured polymeric sheet said second polymeric sheet being adjacent to the substrate and connected to the first polymeric sheet by the coating composition. 26. The photosensitive article of claim 25 wherein at least one of the first and second polymeric sheets is photosensitive. 27. The photosensitive article of claim 18 wherein the coating composition comprises an at least partially ordered anisotropic material and wherein the crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles are at least partially aligned with said anisotropic material. 28. The photosensitive article of claim 19 wherein said photosensitive article is an optical element chosen from optical memory elements, ophthalmic elements, display elements, window elements or mirror elements. 29. The photosensitive article of claim 28 wherein the ophthalmic element is chosen from corrective lenses, non-corrective lenses, contact lenses, intra-ocular lenses, magnifying lenses, protective lenses or visors. 30. The photosensitive article of claim 28 wherein the optical element is a display element chosen from screens, monitors, or security elements. 31. The photosensitive article of claim 30 wherein the security element comprises access cards and passes; negotiable instruments and non-negotiable instruments; government documents; consumer goods; credit cards; or merchandise tags, labels and packaging. 32. An optical element comprising: a) a first substrate having a first surface;b) a second substrate having a second surface, wherein the second surface of the second substrate is opposite the first surface of the first substrate; andc) a material positioned between said first surface and said second surface, said material comprising an effective amount of at least partially crosslinked photosensitive polymeric microparticles comprising an at least partially polymerized component comprising integral surface and interior domains wherein said surface domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophilic region, said interior domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophobic region and at least one of said surface and/or interior domains has photosensitive material associated with said domain and wherein the photosensitive material comprises at least one functional group capable of reacting with said polymerizable component and is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles. 33. The optical element of claim 32 wherein said optical element is chosen from optical memory elements, display elements, ophthalmic elements, window elements or mirror elements. 34. The optical element of claim 33 wherein the display element is chosen from screens, monitors, liquid crystal cells, organic light emitting devices or security elements. 35. The optical element of claim 32 wherein said optical element is an organic light emitting device wherein the first surface is an anode, the second surface is a cathode and the material positioned there between is an emissive material, said emissive material being in electrical contact with said anode and said cathode. 36. An aqueous composition comprising an effective amount of at least one photochromic material and at least one polymerizable component comprising at least one substantially hydrophilic monomer and at least one substantially hydrophobic monomer, said at least one photochromic material and at least one polymerizable component being adapted to form at least partially crosslinked photochromic polymeric microparticles wherein the photochromic material comprises at least one functional group reactive with the surface and/or interior domains of said microparticles to provide that said photochromic material is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles. 37. The aqueous composition of claim 36 further comprising at least one copolymerizable material that is different from the substantially hydrophilic monomer or the substantially hydrophobic monomer. 38. The aqueous composition of claim 36 wherein the photochromic material comprises organic photochromic materials. 39. The aqueous composition of claim 38 wherein the photochromic material is an organic photochromic material chosen from pyrans, oxazines, fulgides, fulgimides, diarylethenes or mixtures thereof. 40. The aqueous composition of claim 36 wherein upon polymerization the substantially hydrophobic monomer forms a polymer having a glass transition temperature less than the glass transition temperature of the polymer formed upon polymerization of the substantially hydrophilic monomer. 41. The aqueous composition of claim 36 wherein the substantially hydrophilic monomer comprises a urethane material that is adapted to form a rigid-segment and the substantially hydrophobic monomer comprises a urethane material that is adapted to form a flexible-segment. 42. The aqueous composition of claim 37 wherein the copolymerizable material is chosen from isocyanate-containing materials; epoxy-group containing materials; carboxy-group containing materials; carbonate group-containing materials; ethylenically unsaturated group containing materials; silyl-group containing materials or mixtures thereof. 43. At least partially crosslinked photochromic polymeric microparticles, said microparticles comprising at least one polymerized component comprising integral surface and interior domains wherein said surface domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophilic region, said interior domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophobic region and at least one of said interior and/or surface domains comprises at least one photochromic material wherein the photochromic material comprises at least one functional group reactive with the surface and/or interior domains of said microparticles to provide that said photochromic material is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles. 44. The at least partially crosslinked photochromic polymeric microparticles of claim 43 wherein the photochromic material comprises organic photochromic materials. 45. The at least partially crosslinked photochromic polymeric microparticles of claim 43 wherein the average particle size of said photochromic polymeric microparticles is within the range of from 40 to 1,000 nanometers. 46. The at least partially crosslinked photochromic polymeric microparticles of claim 43 wherein said photochromic polymeric microparticles are adapted to form microparticles that are reactive with crosslinking materials, magnetic, magnetically responsive, electrically conductive, dichroic, chromatic or combinations thereof. 47. A photochromic article comprising an at least partially cured polymeric organic material and an effective amount of at least partially crosslinked photochromic polymeric microparticles, said microparticles being the polymerized product of at least one polymerizable component comprising integral surface and interior domains wherein said surface domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophilic region, said interior domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophobic region and at least one of said interior and/or surface domains is photochromic wherein the photochromic material comprises at least one functional group reactive with the surface and/or interior domains of said microparticles to provide that said photochromic material is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles. 48. The photochromic article of claim 47 wherein the polymeric organic material is chosen from a thermosetting polymeric organic material, thermoplastic polymeric organic material or a mixture thereof. 49. The photochromic article of claim 47 wherein the polymeric organic material is chosen from poly(C1-C12 alkyl methacrylates), poly(oxyalkylene dimethacrylates), poly(alkoxylated phenol methacrylates), cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), thermoplastic polycarbonates, polyesters, polyurethanes, polythiourethanes, polysulfithiourethanes, poly(urea-urethane), poly(ethylene terephthalate), polystyrene, poly(alpha methylstyrene), copoly(styrene-methylmethacrylate), copoly(styrene-acrylonitrile), polyvinylbutyral or polymers prepared from bis(allyl carbonate) monomers, polyfunctional acrylate monomers, polyfunctional methacrylate monomers, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomers, diisopropenyl benzene monomers, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate monomers, ethylene glycol bismethacrylate monomers, poly(ethylene glycol) bismethacrylate monomers, ethoxylated phenol bis methacrylate monomers, alkoxylated polyhydric alcohol polyacrylate monomers, styrene monomers, urethane acrylate monomers, glycidyl acrylate monomers, glycidyl methacrylate monomers, diallylidene pentaerythritol monomers or mixtures of such monomers. 50. The photochromic article of claim 47 wherein said article is an optical element. 51. The photochromic article of claim 50 wherein the optical element is an ophthalmic element chosen from corrective lenses, non-corrective lenses, contact lenses, intra-ocular lenses, magnifying lenses, protective lenses or visors. 52. A photochromic coated article comprising: a) a substrate; andb) an at least partially cured photochromic coating connected to at least a portion of at least one surface of said substrate, said photochromic coating comprising a film-forming polymer and an effective amount of at least partially crosslinked photochromic polymeric microparticles, said microparticles comprising integral surface and interior domains wherein said surface domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophilic region, said interior domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophobic region and at least one of said interior and/or surface domains comprises a photochromic material wherein the photochromic material comprises at least one functional group reactive with the surface and/or interior domains of said microparticles to provide that said photochromic material is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles. 53. The photochromic coated article of claim 52 wherein the film-forming polymer is chosen from thermosetting polymeric materials, thermoplastic polymeric materials or a mixture of such polymeric materials. 54. The photochromic coated article of claim 53 wherein the film-forming polymer is a thermosetting polymeric material that is chosen from polyurethanes, poly(urea-urethanes), aminoplast resins, polysiloxanes, polyanhydrides, polyacrylamides, epoxy resins or poly(meth)acrylates. 55. The photochromic coated article of claim 52 further comprising a primer coating connected to at least a portion of at least one surface of the substrate. 56. The photochromic coated article of claim 52 further comprising an at least partially abrasion resistant coating connected to at least a portion of at least one surface of the substrate. 57. The photochromic coated article of claim 56 further comprising a transitional coating interposed between the photochromic coating and the abrasion resistant coating. 58. The photochromic coated article of claim 52 further comprising an at least partially anti-reflective coating connected to at least a portion of at least one surface of the substrate. 59. The photochromic coated article of claim 52 further comprising a polarizing polymeric coating or sheet connected to at least a portion of at least one surface of the substrate. 60. The photochromic coated article of claim 52 wherein the substrate is chosen from paper, glass, ceramic, wood, masonry, textile, metal, or polymeric organic material. 61. The photochromic coated article of claim 60 wherein the substrate is polymeric organic material and said polymeric organic material is chosen from poly(C1-C12 alkyl methacrylates), poly(oxyalkylene dimethacrylates), poly(alkoxylated phenol methacrylates), cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), thermoplastic polycarbonates, polyesters, polyurethanes, polythiourethanes, polysulfithiourethanes, poly(urea-urethane), poly(ethylene terephthalate), polystyrene, poly(alpha methylstyrene), copoly(styrene-methylmethacrylate), copoly(styrene-acrylonitrile), polyvinylbutyral or polymers prepared from bis(allyl carbonate) monomers, polyfunctional acrylate monomers, polyfunctional methacrylate monomers, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomers, diisopropenyl benzene monomers, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate monomers, ethylene glycol bismethacrylate monomers, poly(ethylene glycol) bismethacrylate monomers, ethoxylated phenol bis methacrylate monomers, alkoxylated polyhydric alcohol polyacrylate monomers, styrene monomers, urethane acrylate monomers, glycidyl acrylate monomers, glycidyl methacrylate monomers, diallylidene pentaerythritol monomers or mixtures thereof. 62. The photochromic coated article of claim 61 wherein the substrate is an optical element. 63. The photochromic coated article of claim 62 wherein the optical element is an ophthalmic element chosen from corrective lenses, non-corrective lenses, contact lenses, intra-ocular lenses, magnifying lenses, protective lenses or visors. 64. A photochromic composite article comprising: a) a substrate; andb) an at least partially cured photochromic polymeric sheet connected to at least a portion of at least one surface of said substrate, said photochromic polymeric sheet comprising an effective amount of at least partially crosslinked photochromic polymeric microparticles, said microparticles comprising integral surface and interior domains wherein said surface domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophilic region, said interior domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophobic region and at least one of said interior and/or surface domains comprises at least one photochromic material wherein the photochromic material comprises at least one functional group reactive with the surface and/or interior domains of said microparticles to provide that said photochromic material is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles. 65. The photochromic composite article of claim 64 wherein the photochromic polymeric sheet comprises thermosetting polymeric materials, thermoplastic polymeric materials or mixtures thereof. 66. The photochromic composite article of claim 65 wherein the photochromic polymeric sheet comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane. 67. The photochromic composite article of claim 64 further comprising an at least partially abrasion resistant protective polymeric sheet connected to the surface of said photochromic polymeric sheet. 68. The photochromic composite article of claim 67 wherein the protective polymeric sheet comprises thermosetting polymeric materials, thermoplastic polymeric materials or mixtures thereof. 69. The photochromic composite article of claim 68 wherein the protective polymeric sheet comprises a thermoplastic polycarbonate. 70. The photochromic composite article of claim 64 wherein said photochromic composite article is an optical element. 71. The photochromic composite article of claim 70 wherein the optical element is an ophthalmic element chosen from corrective lenses, non-corrective lenses, contact lenses, intra-ocular lenses, magnifying lenses, protective lenses or visors. 72. A photochromic composite article comprising: a) a substrate;b) an at least partially cured coating of a photochromic adhesive connected to at least a portion of at least one surface of said substrate, said photochromic adhesive comprising an adhesive material and an effective amount of at least partially crosslinked photochromic polymeric microparticles, said microparticles comprising integral surface and interior domains wherein said surface domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophilic region, said interior domain comprises at least one substantially hydrophobic region and at least one of said interior and/or surface domains comprises at least one photochromic material wherein the photochromic material comprises at least one functional group reactive with the surface and/or interior domains of said microparticles to provide that said photochromic material is substantially non-extractable from the microparticles; and c) a first at least partially cured polymeric sheet connected to said photochromic adhesive coating. 73. The photochromic composite article of claim 72 wherein said photochromic article further comprises a second at least partially cured polymeric sheet, said second polymeric sheet being adjacent to the substrate and connected to the first polymeric sheet by the photochromic adhesive coating. 74. The photochromic composite article of claim 73 wherein at least one of the first and second polymeric sheets is photochromic. 75. The photochromic composite article of claim 72 wherein said article is an optical element. 76. The photochromic composite article of claim 73 wherein said article is an ophthalmic element. 77. The photochromic composite article of claim 74 wherein said article is a security element. 78. The photochromic composite article of claim 76 wherein the ophthalmic element is chosen from corrective lenses, non-corrective lenses, contact lenses, intra-ocular lenses, magnifying lenses, protective lenses or visors.
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