The present invention relates to a self-contained counterpoise compound field antenna. Improvements relate particularly, but not exclusively, to compound loop antennas having coplanar electric field radiators and magnetic loops with electric fields orthogonal to magnetic fields that achieve performa
The present invention relates to a self-contained counterpoise compound field antenna. Improvements relate particularly, but not exclusively, to compound loop antennas having coplanar electric field radiators and magnetic loops with electric fields orthogonal to magnetic fields that achieve performance benefits in higher bandwidth (lower Q), greater radiation intensity/power/gain, and greater efficiency. Embodiments of the self-contained antenna include a transition formed on the magnetic loop and having a transition width greater than the width of the magnetic loop. The transition substantially isolates a counterpoise formed on the magnetic loop opposite or adjacent the electric field radiator.
대표청구항▼
1. A single-layer antenna, comprising: a magnetic loop located on a plane and configured to generate a magnetic field, wherein the magnetic loop has a first inductive reactance adding to a total inductive reactance of the single-layer antenna;an electric field radiator located on the plane and withi
1. A single-layer antenna, comprising: a magnetic loop located on a plane and configured to generate a magnetic field, wherein the magnetic loop has a first inductive reactance adding to a total inductive reactance of the single-layer antenna;an electric field radiator located on the plane and within the magnetic loop, the electric field radiator coupled to the magnetic loop and configured to emit an electric field orthogonal to the magnetic field, wherein the electric field radiator has a first capacitive reactance adding to a total capacitive reactance of the single-layer antenna, wherein a physical arrangement between the electric field radiator and the magnetic loop results in a second capacitive reactance adding to the total capacitive reactance, and wherein the total inductive reactance substantially matches the total capacitive reactance;a transition formed on the magnetic loop, wherein a width of the transition is greater than a width of the magnetic loop; anda counterpoise formed on the magnetic loop and positioned substantially 180 degrees out of phase with the electric field radiator, wherein the transition is configured to substantially electrically isolate the counterpoise from the magnetic loop. 2. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, further comprising a balun configured to cancel a common mode current and tune the single-layer antenna to a desired input impedance. 3. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 2, wherein the balun is substantially triangular shaped, and wherein a height of the triangular shape is based on a frequency of operation of the single-layer antenna. 4. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 2, wherein a position of the balun is selected from the group consisting of a position within the magnetic loop and a position outside the magnetic loop. 5. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the counterpoise has a counterpoise width greater than the width of the magnetic loop. 6. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the transition is further comprised of a first section and a second section, wherein the first section linearly tapers from the width of the magnetic loop to the width of the transition, and wherein the second section linearly tapers from the width of the transition to a width of the counterpoise. 7. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, further comprising an electrical trace coupling the electric field radiator to the magnetic loop, wherein the electrical trace has a shape selected from the group consisting of a substantially smooth curve and a shape minimizing a number of bends in the electrical trace, and wherein the electrical trace has a second inductive reactance adding to the total inductive reactance. 8. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 7, wherein the electrical trace couples the electric field radiator to the magnetic loop at an electrical degree location approximately 90 degrees or approximately 270 degrees from a drive point of the magnetic loop. 9. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 7, wherein the electrical trace couples the electric field radiator to the magnetic loop at a reflective minimum point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is at a reflective minimum. 10. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 7, wherein the electrical trace is configured to electrically lengthen the electric field radiator. 11. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the electric field radiator is directly coupled to the magnetic loop at an electrical degree location approximately 90 degrees or approximately 270 degrees from a drive point of the magnetic loop. 12. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the electric field radiator is directly coupled to the magnetic loop at a reflective minimum point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is at a reflective minimum. 13. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the electric field radiator has an electrical length appropriate to generate a resonance at a center frequency of operation of the single-layer antenna. 14. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein a current flowing through the magnetic loop flows into the electric field radiator and the current is reflected along an opposite direction into the magnetic loop creating the electric field orthogonal to the magnetic field. 15. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the magnetic loop has a shape selected from the group consisting of a substantially circular shape, a substantially ellipsoid shape, a substantially rectangular shape, and a substantially polygonal shape. 16. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 15, wherein the substantially rectangular shape and the substantially polygonal shape of the magnetic loop has one or more corners cut at an angle. 17. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the magnetic loop is formed from a plurality of sections continuously connected, wherein at least one segment from the plurality of segments is formed by a first segment having a first width, a middle segment having a middle width, and a second segment having a second width, wherein a first end of the first segment is connected to and adjacent to a first end of the middle segment, wherein a second end of the middle segment is connected and adjacent to a first end of the second segment, and wherein the first width and the second width are different from the middle width. 18. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one segment from the first segment, the middle segment, and the second segment is tapered. 19. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, further comprising a second electric field radiator located on the plane and within the magnetic loop, the second electric field radiator coupled to the magnetic loop and configured to emit a second electric field orthogonal to the magnetic field, wherein the second electric field radiator has a third capacitive reactance adding to the total capacitive reactance, wherein the second electric field radiator has a second electrical length and is configured to emit the second electric field at a second frequency of operation, wherein a second physical arrangement between the second electric field radiator and the magnetic loop results in a fourth capacitive reactance adding to the total capacitive reactance. 20. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 19, wherein the second electric field radiator couples to the magnetic loop at a second coupling point substantially 180 degrees out of phase with a first coupling point of the electric field radiator. 21. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 19, further comprising a trace formed on the magnetic loop between the electric field radiator and the second electric field radiator, wherein the trace is configured to create a substantially 180 phase delay between the electric field radiator and the second electric field radiator. 22. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 19, wherein the electric field radiator has a first electrical length and is configured to emit the electric field at a first frequency of operation, wherein the second electric field radiator has a second electrical length different than the first electrical length, wherein the second electric field radiator is configured to emit the second electric field at a second frequency of operation. 23. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 19, further comprising a second electrical trace coupling the second electric field radiator to the magnetic loop. 24. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 23, wherein the second electrical trace couples the second electric field radiator to the magnetic loop at an electrical degree location approximately 90 degrees or approximately 270 degrees from a drive point of the magnetic loop. 25. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 23, wherein the second electrical trace couples the second electric field radiator to the magnetic loop at a reflective minimum point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is at a reflective minimum. 26. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 19, wherein the second electric field radiator is directly coupled to the magnetic loop at an electrical degree location approximately 90 degrees or approximately 270 degrees from a drive point of the magnetic loop. 27. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 19, wherein the second electric field radiator is directly coupled to the magnetic loop at a reflective minimum point where a current flowing through the magnetic loop is at a reflective minimum. 28. The single-layer antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the electric field radiator is substantially J shaped.
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