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A switching system includes two or more rotary switching mechanisms for selectively moving items. The switching system may be used for switching optical elements, such as filters, into and out of an optical path, for example selectively placing one of a group of available filters into the optical pa

A switching system includes two or more rotary switching mechanisms for selectively moving items. The switching system may be used for switching optical elements, such as filters, into and out of an optical path, for example selectively placing one of a group of available filters into the optical path. Each of the rotary switching mechanisms has a passive torque device, including a mechanical flexure and a magnetic latch, that provides most of the torque for moving an item between a retracted position and an extended position, and vice versa. The passive torque device has a pair of null positions or detents at the retracted and extended positions. A brushless DC motor is used to provide a force to get the passive torque device out of these null positions. Thereafter the passive torque device is able on its own to provide most of the torque for movement.

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1. A rotary switching mechanism comprising: a motor;a passive torque device operatively coupled to the motor; wherein the passive torque device includes: a mechanical flexure,a magnetic latch; anda control loop arranged to control an operation of the motor,wherein the passive torque device has an ex

1. A rotary switching mechanism comprising: a motor;a passive torque device operatively coupled to the motor; wherein the passive torque device includes: a mechanical flexure,a magnetic latch; anda control loop arranged to control an operation of the motor,wherein the passive torque device has an extended position null at an extended position and a retracted position null at a retracted position; andwherein the passive torque device has a torque versus angle profile between the nulls that passively drives the torque device from a position adjacent to the extended position to a position adjacent to the retracted position, and vice versa, andwherein the control loop is electrically coupled to the motor so as to either:(1) drive the motor such that the passive torque device is moved into the extended position null from the position adjacent to the extended position and into the retracted position null from the position adjacent to the retracted position, or(2) drive the motor such that the passive torque device is moved from the extended position null into the position adjacent to the extended position and from the retracted position null into the position adjacent to the retracted position, or(3) not provide any drive to the motor responsive to the passive torque device being in positions other than the extended position null, the retracted position null, the position adjacent to the extended position, and the position adjacent to the retracted position. 2. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 1, wherein the nulls are stable nulls; andwherein the motor provides a force to overcome an extended position detent hump of the extended position null, and a retracted position detent hump of the retracted position null. 3. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 1, wherein the nulls are unstable nulls; andwherein the motor provides a force to maintain the passive torque device at the extended position or the retracted position. 4. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 1, wherein the mechanical flexure has multiple segments, with adjacent of the segments rotating relative to one another; andwherein the mechanical flexure has multiple foils. 5. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 4, wherein the multiple segments include a top segment, a middle segment, and a bottom segment; andwherein the mechanical flexure further includes:an upper hexfoil foil configuration linking the top portion and the middle portion; anda lower hexfoil foil configuration linking the middle portion and the bottom portion. 6. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 4, wherein the multiple segments include a top segment, a middle segment, and a bottom segment; andwherein the motor is mechanically coupled to the middle segment of the mechanical flexure, to rotate the middle segment relative to the top segment and the bottom segment. 7. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 1, wherein the mechanical flexure maintains a substantially invariant central axis location under rotation. 8. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 1, wherein the motor is a brushless DC motor. 9. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 1, wherein a moving part of the switching mechanism rotates relative to a stationary part of the switching mechanism between an extended position and a retracted position;wherein the moving switch part includes:a moving flexure portion of the mechanical flexure; anda rotor of the magnetic latch; andwherein the stationary switch part includes:a stationary flexure portion of the mechanical flexure; anda stator of the magnetic latch. 10. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 9, wherein the rotor includes rotor pole pieces circumferentially spaced along a rotor ring. 11. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 10, wherein the rotor pole pieces are adjustably mounted to the rotor ring using slots in the rotor ring. 12. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 10, wherein the stator includes circumferentially-spaced magnetic assemblies. 13. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 1, wherein the control loop includes a passive torque cancellation table that provides an individualized torque versus angle profile for the motor. 14. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 1, further comprising an angle sensor;wherein the control loop is a closed loop that includes, as an input, an angle measurement obtained from the angle sensor. 15. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 14, wherein the angle sensor includes an eddy current sensor that operatively interacts with an annular wedge plate;wherein one of the switch parts includes the eddy current sensor; andwherein the other of the switch parts includes the annular wedge plate. 16. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 1, wherein the rotary switching mechanism is a part of a switching system that includes other rotary switching mechanisms. 17. The rotary switching mechanism of claim 1, in combination with an optical element that is selectably rotated by the rotary switching mechanism. 18. A rotary switching system comprising: multiple rotary switching mechanisms, wherein each of the rotary switching mechanisms includes:a motor;a control loop electrically coupled to the motor for controlling an operation thereof; anda passive torque device operatively coupled to the motor; wherein the passive torque device includes: a mechanical flexure; anda magnetic latch;wherein the passive torque device has an extended position null at an extended position and a retracted position null at a retracted position; andwherein the passive torque device has a torque versus angle profile between the nulls that passively drives the torque device from a position adjacent to the extended position to a position adjacent to the retracted position, and vice versa;wherein the control loop is arranged to either: (1) drive the motor such that the passive torque device is moved into the extended position null from the position adjacent to the extended position and into the retracted position null from the position adjacent to the retracted position, or(2) drive the motor such that the passive torque device is moved from the extended position null into the position adjacent to the extended position and from the retracted position null into the position adjacent to the retracted position, or(3) not provide any drive to the motor responsive to the passive torque device being in positions other than the extended position null, the retracted position null, the position adjacent to the extended position, and the position adjacent to the retracted position,wherein the rotary switching mechanisms are coupled to respective optical elements such that the optical elements can be selectively extended into an optical path; andwherein the rotary switching mechanisms are configured to retract one of the rotary switching mechanisms when another of the rotary switching mechanisms is deployed. 19. The rotary switching system of claim 18, wherein the control loop includes a passive torque cancellation table that provides an individualized torque versus angle profile for the motor.