Magneto-plasma-dynamic generator and method of operating the generator
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
G21D-007/02
H02K-044/00
출원번호
US-0718763
(2010-03-05)
등록번호
US-8217537
(2012-07-10)
우선권정보
GB-0904850.5 (2009-03-23)
발명자
/ 주소
Bright, Christopher G
출원인 / 주소
Rolls-Royce, PLC
대리인 / 주소
Oliff & Berridge, PLC
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
3인용 특허 :
10
초록▼
A magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) generator has a conveying duct shaped for conveying a high velocity, conductive fluid; a magnetic field generator arranged to generate a magnetic field across the conveying duct, substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the fluid, such that the fluid pas
A magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) generator has a conveying duct shaped for conveying a high velocity, conductive fluid; a magnetic field generator arranged to generate a magnetic field across the conveying duct, substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the fluid, such that the fluid passes through the magnetic field when conveyed by the duct; electrodes arranged to conduct a current induced in the fluid as it is conveyed by the conveying duct through the magnetic field; and a fluid break-down circuit arranged to electrically break-down the fluid by developing an additional voltage across the electrodes.
대표청구항▼
1. A magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) generator comprising: a conveying duct shaped for conveying a high velocity, conductive fluid;a magnetic field generator arranged to generate a magnetic field across the conveying duct, substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the fluid, such that the
1. A magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) generator comprising: a conveying duct shaped for conveying a high velocity, conductive fluid;a magnetic field generator arranged to generate a magnetic field across the conveying duct, substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the fluid, such that the fluid passes through the magnetic field when conveyed by the duct;electrodes arranged to conduct a current induced in the fluid as it is conveyed by the conveying duct through the magnetic field; anda fluid break-down circuit arranged to electrically break-down the fluid by developing an additional voltage across the electrodes, the fluid break-down circuit includes a first inductor and a voltage source connected to the first inductor for generating the additional voltage across the first inductor; and wherein the electrodes of the MPD generator are provided in parallel to the first inductor and short-circuit the first inductor when the additional voltage causes the electrical breakdown of the fluid between the electrodes, wherein the fluid break-down circuit includes a resonant circuit, the resonant circuit comprises a capacitor, wherein the capacitor and the first inductor are the resonant circuit and wherein the resonant circuit is configured to be in electrical resonance with the voltage supplied by the voltage source and wherein the capacitor and the first inductor are arranged in series. 2. An MPD generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid break-down circuit comprises an AC voltage supply input as the voltage source. 3. An MPD generator as claimed in claim 2, wherein a generator transformer is coupled to the AC voltage supply input to perform current-voltage transformation. 4. An MPD generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid break-down circuit further comprises: a second inductor; anda second inductor bypass switch having a first configuration in which the second inductor is bypassed and a second configuration in which the second inductor is not bypassed, wherein the second inductor bypass switch is configured to assume the first configuration until electrical breakdown of the fluid and the second configuration after electrical breakdown of the fluid, whereby the second inductor is then able to resonate with the capacitor, the first inductor and the fluid between the electrodes. 5. An MPD generator as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fluid break-down circuit includes a second capacitor, a third inductor and a third inductor bypass switch, the second capacitor is arranged in series with the first inductor and the capacitor such that it is balanced with respect to earth. 6. An MPD generator as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a switch provided in parallel to the first inductor and the electrodes, the switch being switchable between a closed configuration and an open configuration so as to cause a voltage inductive spike across the electrodes to thereby electrically break-down the fluid. 7. An MPD generator as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of heterodyning AC frequency supplies. 8. An MPD generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage source is a starting voltage source and wherein the fluid break-down circuit further comprises a starting switch arranged to connect and disconnect the starting voltage source to and from the electrodes or to bypass or not bypass the electrodes. 9. An MPD generator as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fluid break-down circuit further comprises a starting transformer for connecting the starting voltage source to the electrodes. 10. An MPD generator as claimed in claim 8, wherein the starting voltage source is provided in series with the first inductor. 11. An MPD generator as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a conversion device for converting the electrical power output by the electrodes into a different frequency, voltage or number of electrical phases for delivering the electrical power to an electrical load or an electrical AC supply. 12. A MPD generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the source of the fluid of the MPD generator is a gas cooled nuclear reactor, a solar-power device, an external heat device arranged to heat up gas through a heat exchanger, a pulse power source or a combustion chamber arranged to burn fuel. 13. A MPD generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conveying duct comprises a convergent-divergent nozzle. 14. A method of operating a magneto-plasma-dynamic generator as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising: using the fluid break-down circuit to develop an additional voltage across the electrodes of the MPD generator which is sufficient to electrically break-down the fluid between the electrodes by using the electrodes as a short circuit. 15. A method as claimed in claim 14, further comprising: circulating a large AC current through the fluid between the electrodes, after the fluid has been electrically broken down, to generate AC power using the interaction of the AC current with the negative dynamic resistance of the fluid.
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