There is provided an ignition or plasma generation apparatus that eliminates the need for resonance means in a combustion chamber and simplifies the electrode structure within the combustion chamber in an instance where energy from each of a spark discharge and microwaves is used to ignite an air-fu
There is provided an ignition or plasma generation apparatus that eliminates the need for resonance means in a combustion chamber and simplifies the electrode structure within the combustion chamber in an instance where energy from each of a spark discharge and microwaves is used to ignite an air-fuel mixture gas in an internal combustion engine. The ignition or plasma generation apparatus includes a mixing circuit for mixing a high-voltage pulse from a high-voltage pulse generator and microwave energy from a microwave generator; and an ignition plug into which an output from the mixing circuit is supplied, the plug used for introducing the output into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The output supplied from the mixing circuit to the ignition plug is supplied in a manner in which the microwave energy and the high-voltage pulse are superimposed on each other on a same transmission line.
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1. An ignition or plasma generation apparatus for using a combination of an electrical discharge and energy derived from electromagnetic waves to initiate a combustion reaction, a chemical reaction, or a plasma reaction in a reaction region where the combustion reaction, the chemical reaction, or th
1. An ignition or plasma generation apparatus for using a combination of an electrical discharge and energy derived from electromagnetic waves to initiate a combustion reaction, a chemical reaction, or a plasma reaction in a reaction region where the combustion reaction, the chemical reaction, or the plasma reaction takes place in a heat engine or a plasma equipment, the ignition or plasma generation apparatus comprising: a mixer mixing energy for the electrical discharge and energy from electromagnetic waves generated by an electromagnetic wave generator; anda plug into which an output from the mixer is supplied, the plug used for introducing the output to the reaction region;wherein the output supplied from the mixer to the plug includes the energy from electromagnetic waves and the energy for the electrical discharge superimposed on each other and supplied on a same transmission line; wherein the energy for electrical discharge is a pulse voltage, and the mixer includes:a first input section for receiving an input of the energy from electromagnetic waves;a second input section for receiving an input of the pulse voltage; andan output section connected to the second input section; andwherein the first input section is electrically coupled to the output section by an electrical field coupling,wherein the mixer includes a dielectric substrate, the second input section is disposed on one surface of the dielectric substrate, each of the first input section and the output section is disposed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate, and the electrical field coupling derives from the capacitance of a capacitor comprising a conductive pattern disposed in an opposing manner on respective surfaces of the dielectric substrate. 2. The ignition or plasma generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the width of the conductive pattern constituting the capacitor is equal to or less than one quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave received by the second input section. 3. The ignition or plasma generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second input section includes a stub for matching the impedance of the second input section with the characteristic impedance of a transmission line from the electromagnetic wave generator. 4. The ignition or plasma generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plug is a spark plug, andwherein the spark plug includes: a main metal fitting made of a conducting body;a cylindrical insulator that penetrates the main metal fitting;a first center conductor accommodated in the insulator, one end of the first center conductor protruding from one end portion of the insulator;a second center conductor accommodated in the insulator so as to be spaced apart from the first center conductor, one end of the second center conductor protruding from the other end portion of the insulator;a resistance layer provided along an inner wall of the insulator in a space between the first center conductor and the second center conductor; anda dielectric layer formed in a space between the first center conductor and the second center conductor; andwherein a capacitor is formed by the first center conductor, the second center conductor, and the dielectric layer, and the resistance layer electrically connects the first center conductor and the second center conductor in parallel to the capacitor. 5. The ignition or plasma generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plug is a spark plug, andwherein the spark plug includes: a main metal fitting made of a conducting body;a cylindrical insulator that penetrates the main metal fitting; anda center conducting section made of a conducting body and accommodated in the insulator, both ends of the center conducting body protruding from the insulator; andwherein the characteristic impedance of a coaxial line formed by the main metal fitting, the insulator, and the center conducting section is selected so that the impedance in a direction from the mixer to the reaction region decreases with increasing proximity to the reaction region. 6. The ignition or plasma generation apparatus to claim 1, wherein the plug includes: a center conductor made of a conducting body, one end of which being connected to a center line of the mixer;an antenna-center electrode section made of a conducting body, connected at the other end of the center conductor;an outer conductor made of a conducting body, one end of which being connected to an earthing line of a mixing circuit, the outer conductor provided so as to enclose the center conductor and the antenna-center electrode section and be spaced from the center conductor and the antenna-center electrode section, a hole being provided near the antenna-center electrode section; anda dielectric member inserted into a gap between the center conductor and the outer conductor nearer the mixer than a contact point between the center conductor and the antenna-center electrode section; andwherein the insulation distance between the outer conductor and the center electrode, and between the outer conductor and the antenna-center electrode section, is at a minimum near the hole, and the volume of a void defined by the antenna-center electrode section, outer conductor, and the dielectric member is selected so that an increase in pressure in the void when plasma is induced in the void results in a pressure difference between the void and a space that communicates with the void via the hole, the pressure difference being equal to or greater than a predetermined value. 7. The ignition or plasma generation apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a path for introducing gas to a void defined by the antenna-center electrode section, outer conductor, and the dielectric member. 8. The ignition or plasma generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plug includes a spark plug in which an earthing electrode is either shortened or removed; and a cap made of a conducting body having the shape of a cylinder that opens on both ends, one of the openings being narrowed, and an interior surface near the other opening threadedly engaging with the main metal fitting of the spark plug; andwherein the insulation distance between the cap and the center electrode of the spark plug is at a minimum near the narrowed opening, and the volume of a void defined by the spark plug and the cap is selected so that an increase in pressure in the void when plasma is induced in the void results in a pressure difference between the void and a space that communicates with the void via the hole, the pressure difference being equal to or greater than a predetermined value. 9. The ignition or plasma generation apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a path for introducing gas to a void defined by the spark plug and the cap. 10. The ignition or plasma generation device according to claim 1, wherein the plug produces an electrical discharge between the plug and an earthed conducting body that is present in a vicinity of a space in which the plug is installed. 11. An analysis apparatus for exposing a test sample to a plasma, causing the test sample to enter an excited state, and detecting a result of the excitation, the analysis apparatus comprising: the ignition or plasma generation apparatus according to claims 6,wherein the ignition or plasma generation apparatus generating the plasma to which the test sample is exposed. 12. An analysis apparatus for exposing a test sample to a plasma, causing the test sample to enter an excited state, and detecting a result of the excitation, the analysis apparatus comprising: the ignition or plasma generation apparatus of claim 8,wherein the ignition or plasma generation apparatus generates the plasma to which the test sample is exposed.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (4)
Ward Michael A. V. (205 Walden St. ; Apt. 5-D Cambridge MA 02140), Combustion in an internal combustion engine.
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