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In one embodiment, a method for generating heat energy includes injecting a stream having a concentration of at least 50% oxygen (O2 stream) into a primary gas stream through a mixer, the mixer discharging the O2 stream as two or more spaced jets traversing the primary stream, thereby enriching the

In one embodiment, a method for generating heat energy includes injecting a stream having a concentration of at least 50% oxygen (O2 stream) into a primary gas stream through a mixer, the mixer discharging the O2 stream as two or more spaced jets traversing the primary stream, thereby enriching the primary gas stream. The method further includes mixing fuel with the enriched primary gas stream, thereby forming a fuel stream; and combusting the fuel stream, thereby forming a flue gas stream.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A method for generating heat energy, comprising: flowing a primary gas stream through a conduit in which is disposed a mixer, wherein a shield with open upstream and downstream ends extends along the conduit that tapers outwardly in the direction of the flow of the primary gas stream to define a

1. A method for generating heat energy, comprising: flowing a primary gas stream through a conduit in which is disposed a mixer, wherein a shield with open upstream and downstream ends extends along the conduit that tapers outwardly in the direction of the flow of the primary gas stream to define a tapered, converging passage between an outer surface of the shield and an inner surface of the conduit;injecting a stream having a concentration of at least 50% oxygen (O2 stream) into the primary gas stream through the mixer, the mixer discharging the O2 stream as two or more spaced jets traversing the primary stream, thereby enriching the primary gas stream;mixing fuel with the enriched primary gas stream, thereby forming a fuel stream;combusting the fuel stream, thereby forming a flue gas stream; andrecycling a substantial portion of the flue gas stream, thereby forming a recycled flue gas stream (RFG), wherein the primary gas stream is fed by the RFG stream. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the enriched primary gas stream has an oxygen concentration of 15-40%. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the enriched primary gas stream has an oxygen concentration of 17-23.5%. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the enriched primary gas stream has an oxygen concentration of 18-21%. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising capturing the remaining portion of the flue gas stream. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising injecting a second stream having a concentration of at least 50% oxygen into a secondary gas stream through a second mixer, the second mixer discharging the second O2 stream as two or more spaced jets traversing the secondary stream, thereby enriching the secondary gas stream, wherein the enriched secondary stream is combusted with the fuel stream. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising recycling a substantial portion of the flue gas stream, thereby forming a recycled flue gas stream (RFG), wherein the primary and secondary gas streams are fed by the RFG stream. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the enriched primary gas stream has an O2 concentration of 18-21% and the enriched secondary gas stream has an O2 concentration of 21-40%. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing an O2 concentration of the enriched stream and controlling a flow rate of the O2 stream based on the measured O2 concentration. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixer discharges the jets as swirling jets. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixer is fed by a conduit and the mixer extends outward past the conduit. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein plane in which said two or more spaced jets lie is perpendicular to the longitudinal flow direction. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the O2 concentration of the O2 stream is at least 90%. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the O2 stream is injected through the mixer and a second mixer and the mixers are longitudinally aligned. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising sensing O2 concentrations at a location downstream from the mixers and controlling a flow rate of oxygen through each mixer based on the measured O2 concentrations. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the downstream location is proximate to the mixers. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the downstream location is distal from the mixers. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the mixer is larger than the second mixer. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the second mixer is shut-in for transient operation. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the O2 stream is injected through the mixer, a second mixer, and a third mixer and the mixers are longitudinally aligned in a staggered arrangement. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the O2 stream is injected through a first mixer and a second mixer and the mixers are longitudinally spaced. 22. The method of claim 1, further comprising diluting the O2 stream for transient operation. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising diverting a portion of the primary stream, wherein the O2 stream is diluted with the diverted portion. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein a flow rate of the diluted O2 stream is the same as a flow rate of the O2 stream. 25. The method of claim 1, further comprising inducing turbulence in the primary stream. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary stream is transported through a carbon steel conduit and the method further comprises diverting and accelerating a portion of the primary stream to limit a maximum oxygen concentration at a wall of the conduit during enrichment of the primary stream. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel is pulverized solid fuel. 28. A method of diffusing a second gas stream into a first gas stream, comprising: flowing the first gas stream through a conduit in which is disposed a mixer, wherein a shield with open upstream and downstream ends extends along the conduit that tapers outwardly in the direction of the flow of the primary gas stream to define a tapered, converging passage between an outer surface of the shield and an inner surface of the conduit; andinjecting the second gas stream into the first gas stream through a mixer disposed in the conduit, the second gas stream having a concentration of at least 50% oxygen (O2 stream), the mixer discharging the O2 stream as two or more spaced jets traversing the first stream, thereby forming a mixed stream, wherein a concentration of the second gas in the mixed stream is C2m, a concentration of the second gas in the first gas stream is C2f, and C2m-C2f is greater than 12%;mixing fuel with the enriched primary gas stream, thereby forming a fuel stream;combusting the fuel stream, thereby forming a flue gas stream; andrecycling a substantial portion of the flue gas stream, thereby forming a recycled flue gas stream (RFG), wherein the primary gas stream is fed by the RFG stream. 29. A method for generating heat energy, comprising: flowing a recycled flue gas (RFG) stream through a conduit in which is disposed a mixer, wherein a shield with open upstream and downstream ends extends along the conduit that tapers outwardly from the upstream end to the downstream end to define a tapered, converging passage between an outer surface of the shield and an inner surface of the conduit;injecting a stream having a concentration of at least 50% oxygen (O2 stream) into the RFG through a mixer, the mixer discharging the O2 stream as two or more spaced jets traversing the RFG stream, thereby enriching the RFG stream; andcombusting the enriched RFG stream, thereby forming a flue gas stream. 30. An assembly for diffusing a second gas stream into a first gas stream, comprising: a first conduit section, the first conduit section having a wall defining a passage therethrough;a shield with open upstream and downstream ends extending along the first conduit section that tapers outwardly from the upstream end to the downstream end to define a tapered, converging passage between an outer surface of the shield and an inner surface of the first conduit section;a first mixer disposed in the first conduit section, the mixer comprising: a base; anda plurality of vanes formed or disposed on a surface of the base, the vanes extending from a central portion of the base to a periphery of the base and, along with the base, defining flow channels,wherein each flow direction of each channel traverses a flow direction of the passage; anda second mixer disposed in the first conduit section in longitudinal alignment with the first mixer, the second mixer comprising: a base; anda plurality of vanes formed or disposed on a surface of the base, the vanes extending from a central portion of the base to a periphery of the base and, along with the base, defining flow channels,wherein each flow direction of each channel traverses the flow direction of the passage. 31. An assembly for diffusing a second gas stream into a first gas stream, comprising: a first conduit section comprising a wall, a longitudinal passage formed through the wall, and a shield with open upstream and downstream ends disposed in the passage extending along the first conduit section that tapers outwardly from the upstream end to the downstream end to define a tapered, converging passage between an outer surface of the shield and an inner surface of the wall; anda mixer disposed in the first conduit section proximate to the shield, the mixer comprising: a head, comprising: a base; anda plurality of vanes formed or disposed on a surface of the base, the vanes extending from a central portion of the base to a periphery of the base and, along with the base, defining flow channels,wherein each flow direction of each channel traverses a flow direction of the passage.