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This invention relates to a flat heating element (20), in particular for heating surfaces in contact with the user in the passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising at least one electrical conductor (25). According to the invention, the electrical conductivity of at least one of these electrical

This invention relates to a flat heating element (20), in particular for heating surfaces in contact with the user in the passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising at least one electrical conductor (25). According to the invention, the electrical conductivity of at least one of these electrical conductors (25) is at least temporarily reduced if the temperature thereof at least locally exceeds a permissible maximum temperature.

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1. A heating element for heating user-contacted surfaces of a passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising: at least one electrical conductor including at least one strand,wherein an electrical conductivity of at least one of the at least one electrical conductors is irreversibly reduced if a temp

1. A heating element for heating user-contacted surfaces of a passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising: at least one electrical conductor including at least one strand,wherein an electrical conductivity of at least one of the at least one electrical conductors is irreversibly reduced if a temperature thereof at least locally exceeds a permissible maximum temperature,wherein the heating element includes at least one electric cut-out formed by at least one of the at least one electrical conductors and which interrupts an operating current in the event of a malfunctionwherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one internal strand with a thickness of less than 500 μm, and the at least one internal strand includes at least one coating layer which is less than 1 μm thick and at least partially encases the at least one internal strand. 2. A heating element for heating user-contacted surfaces of a passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising: at least one electrical conductor including at least one strand,wherein an electrical conductivity of at least one of the at least one electrical conductors is irreversibly reduced if a temperature thereof at least locally exceeds a permissible maximum temperature,wherein the electrical conductivity of the at least one electrical conductor is at least temporarily reduced if the temperature thereof, at least locally, is between 200° C. and 400° C. 3. A heating element for heating user-contacted surfaces of a passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising: at least one electrical conductor including at least one strand,wherein an electrical conductivity of at least one of the at least one electrical conductors is irreversibly reduced if a temperature thereof at least locally exceeds a permissible maximum temperature,wherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one conductor support and, arranged thereon, an electrically conductive conducting layer. 4. A heating element for heating user-contacted surfaces of a passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising:. at least one electrical conductor including at least one strand,wherein an electrical conductivity of at least one of the at least one electrical conductors is irreversibly reduced if a temperature thereof at least locally exceeds a permissible maximum temperature,wherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one conductor support, which includes a material into which electrically conductive particles are embedded. 5. The heating element of claim 4, wherein up to temperatures of at least 150° C., the material of the conductor support retains its chemical and/or mechanical stability to a degree that at least resembles its stability and/or standard conditions. 6. The heating element of claim 2, wherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one internal strand with a thickness of less than 500 μm, and the at least one internal strand includes at least one coating layer which is less than 1 μm thick and at least partially encases the at least one internal strand. 7. The heating element of claim 3, wherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one internal strand with a thickness of less than 500 μm, and the at least one internal strand includes at least one coating layer which is less than 1 μm thick and at least partially encases the at least one internal strand. 8. The heating element of claim 4, wherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one internal strand with a thickness of less than 500 μm, and the at least one internal strand includes at least one coating layer which is less than 1 μm thick and at least partially encases the at least one internal strand. 9. The heating element of claim 2, wherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one internal strand with a thickness of between 100 μm and 100 nm, and the at least one internal strand includes at least one coating layer which is less than 1 μm thick and at least partially encases the at least one internal strand. 10. The heating element of claim 3, wherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one internal strand with a thickness of between 100 μm and 100 nm, and the at least one internal strand includes at least one coating layer which is less than 1 μm thick and at least partially encases the at least one internal strand. 11. The heating element of claim 4, wherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one internal strand with a thickness of between 100 μm and 100 nm, and the at least one internal strand includes at least one coating layer which is less than 1 μm thick and at least partially encases the at least one internal strand. 12. The heating element of claim 1, wherein the at least one electrical conductor has an electrical resistance between about 100 Ω/m and 1000 Ω/m. 13. The heating element of claim 2, wherein the at least one electrical conductor has an electrical resistance between 100 Ω/m and 800 Ω/m. 14. The heating element of claim 12, wherein the at least one electrical conductor is a copper or a copper alloy which is coated with a non-oxidizing metal. 15. The heating element of claim 9, wherein the at least one electrical conductor is a copper or a copper alloy which is coated with sliver or a sliver alloy. 16. The heating element of claim 10, wherein the at least one electrical conductor is a copper or a copper alloy which is coated with sliver or a sliver alloy. 17. The heating element of claim 11, wherein the at least one electrical conductor is a copper or a copper alloy which is coated with sliver or a sliver alloy. 18. The heating element of claim 14, wherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one conductor support having a matrix of fibers, the fibers being made of carbon, steel, graphite, or other metals. 19. The heating element of claim 15, wherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one conductor support, the at least one conductor support including carbon nanotubes having: a) a diameter that ranges from 1 to 50 nm andb) a density of 1.3 to 1.4 g/cm3. 20. The heating element of claim 14, wherein the at least one electrical conductor includes at least one conductor support having a thickness of between about 100 μm and 2 μm.