Ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
F01K-025/08
F01K-025/00
F01K-023/06
출원번호
US-0374034
(2007-07-17)
등록번호
US-8276384
(2012-10-02)
우선권정보
FR-06 06647 (2006-07-21)
국제출원번호
PCT/EP2007/057380
(2007-07-17)
§371/§102 date
20090211
(20090211)
국제공개번호
WO2008/009681
(2008-01-24)
발명자
/ 주소
Negre, Guy
Negre, Cyril
출원인 / 주소
MDI-Motor Development International S.A.
대리인 / 주소
Young & Thompson
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
1인용 특허 :
5
초록▼
Ambient temperature thermal energy cryogenic engine with constant pressure with continuous “cold” combustion at constant pressure and with an active chamber operating with a cryogenic fluid stored in its liquid phase, and used as a work gas in its gaseous phase and operating in a closed cycle with r
Ambient temperature thermal energy cryogenic engine with constant pressure with continuous “cold” combustion at constant pressure and with an active chamber operating with a cryogenic fluid stored in its liquid phase, and used as a work gas in its gaseous phase and operating in a closed cycle with return to its liquid phase. The initially liquid cryogenic fluid is vaporized in the gaseous phase at very low temperatures and supplies the inlet of a gas compression device, which then discharges this compressed work gas, still at low temperature, and through a heat exchanger with the ambient temperature, into a work tank or external expansion chamber fitted or not fitted with a heating device, where its temperature and its volume will considerably increase in order to then be preferably let into a relief device providing work and for example comprising an active chamber according to international patent application WO 2005/049968.
대표청구항▼
1. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine, comprising: a cryogenic fluid reservoir (A) configured to hold a cryogenic work fluid in a liquid phase (A2), the cryogenic fluid reservoir (A) comprising a fluid heat exchanger (A3) for liquefaction of the fluid into t
1. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine, comprising: a cryogenic fluid reservoir (A) configured to hold a cryogenic work fluid in a liquid phase (A2), the cryogenic fluid reservoir (A) comprising a fluid heat exchanger (A3) for liquefaction of the fluid into the liquid phase, the cryogenic fluid is a gaseous state being a work gas;a gas compressor (B) to compress a vaporized phase of the fluid into the liquid phase of the fluid;a first duct (A4) connecting the cryogenic fluid reservoir (A) to an inlet of the gas compressor (B);a constant pressure expansion tank (19), an exhaust of the compressor (B) being fed to the constant pressure expansion tank (19);an volumetric relief device (D) with an active chamber, the constant pressure expansion tank (19) connected to an inlet of the volumetric relief device (D), the active chamber (D) comprised of a drive piston (1), the drive piston sliding in a cylinder (2) and controlled by a pressure lever, the cylinder having an exhaust duct (23), the active chamber (D) defining a variable volume producing work, the variable volume coupled, and in permanent contact via a passage, with a space lying above the drive piston so that i) with the space lying above the drive piston at a smallest volume and under thrust of the work gas, the space will increase in volume while producing work, and ii) when the space is at a largest volume, the work gas expands in the engine cylinder thereby pushing back the drive piston in a downstroke while producing work in turn and thereby undergoing a reduction of temperature; anda cryogenic machine (E) for cooling the fluid before the liquefaction of the fluid by the heat exchanger (A3) in the fluid reservoir (A), the exhaust duct (23) connecting the cylinder (2) to the cryogenic machine (E), wherein, in a thermodynamic cyclein the fluid storage reservoir (A) the liquid phase of the fluid is vaporized, substantially at a vaporization temperature of the fluid, and the vaporized fluid is supplied to the inlet (A4) of the gas compression volumetric device (B), the gas compressor compressing the vaporized gas to a work pressure to form a compressed work gas at an outlet of the gas compress (B),the compressed work gas is discharged into the expansion tank (19) at the work pressure and taken, by heat exchange with atmosphere, substantially to ambient temperature, such that, under effect of transfer of thermal energy from the ambient temperature, the temperature of the compressed gas increases and the compressed gas volume increases in same proportions according to a constant pressure relation: V1/V2=T1/T2 so that with said gas still compressed at the work pressure and still substantially at the ambient temperature is let into the volumetric relief device,the work gas, on being exhausted from the exhaust duct (23) of the said volumetric relief device, is discharged towards the storage reservoir (A) to be liquefied in order to recommence a new thermodynamic cycle. 2. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 1, the thermodynamic cycle comprises seven phases: a vaporization of a cryogenic fluid,a compression of the vaporized cryogenic fluid,reheating at constant pressure by the ambient temperature,a quasi-isothermal transfer producing work,a polytropic relief providing work with temperature reduction,a closed cycle exhaust into the storage reservoir, anda liquefaction of the gas returned to the storage reservoir. 3. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 2, wherein, the vaporization of the fluid in the liquid phase in the storage reservoir (A) is obtained by heating by using the fluid heat exchanger (A3) in which the cryogenic fluid then in a semi-gaseous phase and returned from the exhaust (23) of the volumetric relief device (D), heats and vaporizes a portion of the cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase (A2) that is in the storage reservoir (A) while cooling and liquefying. 4. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 3, wherein, the cryogenic fluid reservoir (A) comprises a tank,the cryogenic fluid liquefaction vaporization heat exchanger (A3) comprises a coil immersed in the tank,the fluid originating from the exhaust of the engine terminates cooling and liquefaction while giving off the heat to vaporize the fluid in the liquid state in the storage reservoir. 5. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 3, wherein, the cryogenic machine (E) comprises a heat exchanger (E1) positioned in a cold chamber of the cryogenic machine (E) between the exhaust duct (23) and the fluid storage reservoir (A, A1) arranged to adjust the temperature of the work gas relieved at the outlet of the exhaust duct (23) before the work gas is inserted into the heat exchanger (A3) of the storage reservoir (A1), andthe fluid, in the gaseous or semi-gaseous state at the outlet of the exhaust duct (23), is cooled during passage in the heat exchanger (E1). 6. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 5, wherein, the cryogenic machine (E) operates by using magnetic-calorific effects to heat up under the effect of a magnetic field and to cool down to a temperature lower than an initial temperature after a variation of the magnetic field. 7. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 6, wherein, the thermodynamic cycle comprises eight phases: a vaporization of a cryogenic fluid,a compression of the vaporized cryogenic fluid,reheating at constant pressure by the ambient temperature,a quasi-isothermal transfer producing work,a polytropic relief providing work with temperature reduction,a closed cycle exhaust into the storage reservoir,a liquefaction of the gas returned to the storage reservoir, anda cooling in a cryogenic machine. 8. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 7, further comprising at least one atmospheric air/work gas exchanger (C) installed between the compressor (B) and the constant pressure expansion tank (19);a second duct (B2) connecting the gas/ambient air exchanger (C) to an exhaust of the compressor (B); anda third duct (C1) connecting the gas/ambient air exchanger (C) to the constant pressure expansion tank (19). 9. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 1, wherein, the constant pressure expansion tank (19) comprises a volume working pressure storage reservoir in which the work gas contained therein, kept at the ambient temperature, according to a heat exchange surface area of a casing the said pressure storage reservoir with the atmosphere, a volume and a storage time in the said volume working pressure storage reservoir, andthe compressed work gas originating from the gas compressor (B) is taken to the ambient temperature by mixing with the work gas at ambient temperature already contained in the said pressure storage reservoir. 10. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 9, wherein, the casing of the said pressure storage reservoir (19) comprises heat exchange elements for promoting the heat exchange between the atmosphere and the work gas contained therein. 11. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 9, wherein, the thermodynamic cycle comprises nine phases: a vaporization of a cryogenic fluid,a compression of the vaporized cryogenic fluid,reheating at constant pressure by the ambient temperature,a quasi-isothermal transfer producing work,a polytropic relief providing work with temperature reduction,a closed cycle exhaust into the storage reservoir,a liquefaction of the gas returned to the storage reservoir,a cooling in a cryogenic machine, anda liquefaction of the gas returned to the tank. 12. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 1, further comprising: a work gas heating device, positioned before insertion of the work gas into the engine to obtain temperatures higher than the ambient temperature. 13. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 1, further comprising: a device for controlling the stroke of the drive piston (1) causing the piston to stop at a top dead center for a period of time, wherein,during the stopping of the drive piston (1) at the top dead center, the pressurized gas is let into the active chamber (D) defined by an active expansion and relief chamber(12, 13),when the active expansion and relief chamber (12, 13) is substantially at a largest volume, a inlet duct (17) thereof is then closed and the work gas, still compressed under pressure, contained in the said active expansion and relief chamber (12, 13), expands in the engine cylinder (2) thereby pushing back the drive piston (1) in the downstroke while producing work in the turn and thereby undergoing a reduction of temperature, andduring the upstroke of the drive piston (1) during the exhaust stroke, the variable volume of the active expansion and relief chamber (12, 13) is returned to the smallest volume in order to recommence a complete work cycle. 14. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 1, further comprising: an accelerator butterfly valve (17A) positioned on a inlet duct (17) of the volumetric relief device (D), the accelerator butterfly valve (17A) arranged to control the engine by letting more and less work gas into one of i) the active chamber and ii) the cylinder (2). 15. An ambient temperature thermal energy and constant pressure cryogenic engine according to claim 1, wherein, an accelerator butterfly valve (A7) is positioned at the inlet of the gas compressor (B) and controlled to adjust the inlet of the gas compressor (B), andthe accelerator butterfly valve (A7) controlling a rate of the gas compressor (B) while keeping a desired pressure in the constant pressure expansion tank (19).
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (5)
Robertson,Stuart J.; Tellier,Nils E., Dynamic heat sink engine.
Latter Albert L. (Marina del Rey CA) Dooley James L. (Santa Monica CA) Hammond R. Philip (Santa Monica CA), Engine system using liquid air and combustible fuel.
Crawford John T. (Naperville IL) Tyree ; Jr. Lewis (Oak Brook IL) Fischer Harry C. (Maggie Valley NC) Coers Don H. (Naperville IL), Power plant using CO2as a working fluid.
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