A method of producing one or more of a carbohydrate ester, a protein ester, a protein subunit ester or a hydroxyl acid ester, which method comprises admixing an acyl donor, an acyl acceptor and water to produce a high water environment comprising 5-98% water, wherein said acyl donor is a lipid subst
A method of producing one or more of a carbohydrate ester, a protein ester, a protein subunit ester or a hydroxyl acid ester, which method comprises admixing an acyl donor, an acyl acceptor and water to produce a high water environment comprising 5-98% water, wherein said acyl donor is a lipid substrate selected from one or more of the group consisting of a phospholipid, a lysophospholipid, a triacylglyceride, a diglyceride, a glycolipid or a lysoglycolipid and said acyl acceptor is selected from one ore more of the group consisting of a carbohydrate, a protein, a protein subunit, or a hydroxyl acid; and contacting the admixture with a lipid acyltransferase, such that said lipid acyl transferase catalyses one or both of the following reactions: alcoholysis or transesterification.
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1. A method of producing a carbohydrate ester, a protein ester, a protein subunit ester or a hydroxy acid ester, wherein the method comprises contacting an acyl donor, an acyl acceptor and 5-98% water with a lipid acyltransferase enzyme capable of transferring an acyl group from a lipid to one or mo
1. A method of producing a carbohydrate ester, a protein ester, a protein subunit ester or a hydroxy acid ester, wherein the method comprises contacting an acyl donor, an acyl acceptor and 5-98% water with a lipid acyltransferase enzyme capable of transferring an acyl group from a lipid to one or more of the following acyl acceptors: a sterol, a stanol, a carbohydrate, a protein or a sub-unit thereof, and glycerol, whereby the carbohydrate ester, the protein ester, the protein subunit ester or the hydroxy acid ester is produced; and wherein the lipid acyltransferase when tested using the Transferase Assay in Buffered Substrate has at least 5% acyltransferase activity (relative acyltransferase activity) wherein the Transferase Assay in Buffered Substrate comprises: (a) heating to 35° C. a substrate solution comprising phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, water and HEPES buffer, wherein the substrate solution comprises approximately 95% water and has pH 7.0; (b) adding an enzyme to the substrate solution; and (c) determining acyltransferase activity of the enzyme based upon cholesterol ester and fatty acids formed. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the acyl donor is selected from a phospholipid, a lysophospholipid, a triacylglyceride, a diglyceride, a glycolipid or a lysoglycolipid. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the acyl acceptor is selected from a carbohydrate, a protein, a protein subunit, or a hydroxy acid. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lipid acyltransferase is capable of transferring an acyl group from a glycolipid and/or phospholipid to one of the following acceptor substrates: a carbohydrate, a protein, a protein subunit, or a hydroxy acid. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the acyl acceptor is a carbohydrate. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the acyl acceptor is a hydroxy acid. 7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the method further comprises purifying the carbohydrate ester, protein ester, protein subunit ester or hydroxy acid ester. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme is immobilized. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme additionally has glycolipase activity. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the lipid acyltransferase is from an organism from one or more of the following genera: Aeromonas, Streptomyces, Saccharomyces, Lactococcus, Mycobacterium, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Desulfitobacterium, Bacillus, Campylobacter, Vibrionaceae, Xylella, Sulfolobus, Aspergillus, Schizosaccharomyces, Listeria, Neisseria, Mesorhizobium, Ralstonia, Xanthomonas and Candida. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the lipid acyltransferase comprises amino acid sequence motif GDSX, wherein X is one or more of the following amino acid residues L, A, V, I, F, Y, H, Q, T, N, M or S. 12. A method of producing a protein ester, a protein subunit ester or a hydroxy acid ester comprising: admixing an acyl donor, an acyl acceptor and water to form an admixture wherein the acyl donor and acyl acceptor are in an environment comprising 5-98% water, and contacting the admixture with a lipid acyltransferase, wherein: the acyl donor is a lipid substrate selected from one or more of the group consisting of a phospholipid, a lysophospholipid, a triacylglyceride, a diglyceride, a glycolipid or a lysoglycolipid; the acyl acceptor is a protein, a protein subunit or a hydroxy acid; the lipid acyltransferase possesses acyl transferase activity and catalyses one or both of the following reactions: alcoholysis or transesterification; and the lipid acyltransferase has an amino acid sequence containing a GDSX motif, wherein X is one or more of the following amino acid residues L, A, V, I, F, Y, H, Q, T, N, M or S, and the lipid acyltransferase amino acid sequence is expressed by a nucleic acid molecule having at least 90% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 8.
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