대표
청구항
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1. A wind power system comprising at least one elongated rotor blade (2) mounted on a hub (3) of a wind turbine by a bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) provided with two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) concentric with one another, one of the connecting elements (13) being rigidly connected to a back end (5) of the at least one elongated rotor blade (2), and the other connecting element (14) being rigidly connected to the rotor hub (3), the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) having surface areas (59, 60) facing one another, between wh...
1. A wind power system comprising at least one elongated rotor blade (2) mounted on a hub (3) of a wind turbine by a bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) provided with two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) concentric with one another, one of the connecting elements (13) being rigidly connected to a back end (5) of the at least one elongated rotor blade (2), and the other connecting element (14) being rigidly connected to the rotor hub (3), the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) having surface areas (59, 60) facing one another, between which there is a gap, such that the connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) are adapted to turn freely with respect to one another, wherein each of the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) is concentric with the other, and exhibits an annular configuration, each provided with attachment boreholes (17, 18; 57, 58) arranged in the form of a crown, for the purpose of connection to the hub (3), and to an annular connecting surface (6) at a back end of the rotor blade (2), a) wherein at each circumferential region (21, 36) in the gap between the two surface areas (59, 60) facing one another, an inner surface of the outer connecting element (14) and an outer surface of the radially inward connecting element (13) is provided with at least two races (22, 23; 36, 37; 63, 64) for rotating rollers (24, 25; 61, 62), each of which rolls between the race (63) of the one connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) and the race (64) of the other connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54);b) the rotating rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) running in an annular gap between the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) in a space sealed from surroundings;c) the at least two races (22, 23; 36, 37; 63, 64) being axially displaced from one another on each connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54), each for a row of rotating rollers (24, 25; 61, 62); whereind) the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) of the two races axially displaced from one another are provided with a selected one of a cylindrical, conical, needle-shaped, and barrel-shaped configuration;e) wherein the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) of the two races, axially displaced with respect to one another, are aligned such that their axes of rotation (31; 69, 70) intersect a longitudinal axis of the pertinent rotor blade (2) at an angle of 30°-90°;f) wherein there is provided a device for controlling the at least one elongated rotor blade such that the rotor blade is constantly or periodically turned around a longitudinal axis, at least during operation of the wind power system, even when a constant wind velocity does not make it necessary to adjust the blade, andg) wherein the at least one rotor blade (2) is formed as a lateral surface (4) surrounding an internal cavity, which lateral surface (4) approximates a shape of a lateral cylinder surface at the back end (5) of the rotor blade (2) and extends to a planar rearward connection surface (6) with annular disposed bores (7), which coincide with annular distributed through-bores (17, 18; 57, 58) in a connection element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) with regard to number, diameter and orientation, such that the bores and through-bores are aligned with each other and permit insertion of a screw or a bolt into the connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54), which screw or bolt is adapted to be screwed into the rotor blade (2), or is anchored therein. 2. The wind power system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) of the two races of the rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52), axially displaced from one another, are aligned such that their axes of rotation (31; 69, 70) are generally radial and are generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade (2). 3. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein faces (15, 16; 55, 56) of the annular connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) of the rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) that face away from one another serve as connecting surfaces to the rotor hub (3) and to a rotor blade (2), directly or through intermediate elements. 4. The wind power system in accordance with claim 3, wherein each annular gap between the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) of the rotor blade bearing unit (1, 1′; 52) is sealed off (40, 41) in a region between a roller race and a nearest adjacent connecting surface (15, 16; 55, 56). 5. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein there is a projecting encircling lip (21; 21′) disposed on the outside of the connecting element (14; 13′) of the rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) facing another connecting element (13; 14′) of the rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52). 6. The wind power system in accordance with claim 5, wherein two annular face surfaces of the lip (21; 21′) serve as race surfaces for the generally cylindrical rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) of each row of rollers. 7. The wind power system in accordance with claim 6, wherein the races of the rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) for the generally cylindrical rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) extend along generally flat annular surfaces through which the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade (2) passes generally perpendicularly. 8. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein a third bearing point (35) on the rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) is disposed between two surface areas (33) of the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) that face one another. 9. The wind power system in accordance with claim 8, wherein the third bearing point (35) is disposed between the two races for generally cylindrical rollers (24, 25; 61, 62), which are aligned such that their axes of rotation (31, 69, 70) are not parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade (2). 10. The wind power system in accordance with claim 8, wherein the third bearing point (35) of the rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) comprises a roller bearing. 11. The wind power system in accordance with claim 10, wherein the axis of rotation of the rollers of the third bearing point (35) is oriented generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade (2). 12. The wind power system in accordance with claim 10, wherein a roller (35) of the third bearing point is provided with a smaller volume than a roller (24, 25; 61, 62) whose axis of rotation (31; 69, 70) is not oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade (2). 13. The wind power system in accordance with claim 8, wherein the third bearing point (35) of the rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) comprises a friction bearing. 14. The wind power system in accordance with claim 8, wherein an effective width of the race (22, 23, 37) of the rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) that comes into contact with the roller (24, 25; 61, 62) whose axis of rotation (31; 69, 70) is not aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of a rotor blade (2), is greater than an effective width of a race or slip bearing surface (34) of the bearing point (35) that is disposed between the two surface areas (33) of the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) facing one another. 15. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein a connecting element (13; 14′) of a rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) is divided along a plane (42) oriented generally perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the rotor blade (2). 16. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein the transition region(s) (27, 28) between the surface area and one or both of the faces of the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) whose axes of rotation (31; 69, 70) are not aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade (2) is/are cambered. 17. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) of a rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) having axes of rotation (31; 69, 70) not aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of a rotor blade (2) are hollow. 18. The wind power system in accordance with claim 17, wherein adjacent hollow rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) are connected to one another by connecting elements, said elements having faces extending into hollow spaces of the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62). 19. The wind power system in accordance with claim 18, wherein the connecting elements are mutually connected to at least one cage. 20. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein cross sections of the races of a rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) provided for the introduction of rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) in the unloaded, unassembled state of the bearing unit (1; 1′ 52) do not conform to the longitudinal section of a roller (24, 25; 61, 62) to be introduced therein. 21. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein an axial extent of the cross section of the races of the rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) provided for the introduction of the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) is smaller at least in areas than a diameter of a corresponding roller (24, 25; 61, 62). 22. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) of a rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) whose axes of rotation (31; 69, 70) are not aligned parallel to a longitudinal axis of a rotor blade (2), are provided with at least one cup-shaped cambered face (29). 23. The wind power system in accordance with claim 22, wherein the radius of the camber of the cup-shaped face (29) conforms generally to an inside radius of an outer ring (14). 24. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein a spacer is disposed between all adjacent rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) of a rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52), whose radial longitudinal extent is equal to or smaller than the radial longitudinal section of a roller (24, 25; 61, 62). 25. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein no teeth are provided on any connecting element (13, 14; 53, 54) of a rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52). 26. The wind power system in accordance with claim 2, wherein teeth (46) are provided on one connecting element (13′, 14′) of a rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52). 27. The wind power system in accordance with claim 26, wherein the teeth (46) are provided on an inside of the inner ring (13′) of the rotor blade bearing unit (1; 1′; 52). 28. A method for operating a wind power system with at least one elongated rotor blade mounted on a hub (3) of a wind turbine by means of a bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) provided with two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) concentric with one another, one of the connecting elements (13) being rigidly connected to a back end (5) of the at least one elongated rotor blade (2), and the other connecting element (14) being rigidly connected to the rotor hub (3), with the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) having surface areas (59, 60) facing one another, between which there is a gap, such that the connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) turn freely with respect to one another, wherein each of the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) exhibits an annular configuration, with attachment boreholes (17, 18; 57, 58) arranged in the form of a crown, for connection to the hub (3) and to an annular connecting surface (6) at the back end of the rotor blade (2), a) the bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) being provided with at least two races (22, 23; 36, 37; 63, 64) axially displaced from one another in a gap between the two surface areas (59, 60) facing one another on each connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54), each for a row of rotating rollers (24, 25, 61, 62), each of the rollers adapted to roll between a race (63) of the one connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54), and the race (64) of the other connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54),b) the rotating rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) running in an annular gap between the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) in a space sealed off from surroundings;c) the at least two races (22, 23; 36, 37; 63, 64) being axially displaced from one another on each connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54), each race for a row of rotating rollers (24, 25; 61, 62), whereind) the bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) is adapted to mount at least one rotor blade with the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) adapted to run along the two races and provided with a selected one of generally cylindrical, conical, needle-shaped, and barrel-shaped configuration;e) wherein the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) of the two races, axially displaced with respect to one another, are aligned such that their axes of rotation (31; 69, 70) intersect a longitudinal axis of a rotor blade (2) at an angle of 30°-90°; the method comprising the steps off) controlling the at least one elongated rotor blade such that it is turned around its longitudinal axis at least during operation of the wind power system even when a constant wind velocity does not make it necessary to adjust the blade, andg) wherein the at least one rotor blade (2) is formed as a lateral surface (4) surrounding an internal cavity, which lateral surface (4) approximates a shape of a lateral cylinder surface at a rearward end (5) of the rotor blade (2) and extends to a planar rearward connection surface (6) with annular disposed bores (7) which coincide with annular distributed through-bores (17, 18; 57, 58) in a connection element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) with regard to number, diameter and orientation, such that the bores and through-bores are aligned with each other, whereby a screw or a bolt is adapted to be inserted into the connection element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54), the screw or bolt being anchored in the rotor blade. 29. The method in accordance with claim 28, wherein the adjustment of an angle of attack of a rotor blade (2) is governed by an angular position of the wind turbine. 30. The method in accordance with claim 28, wherein a period of turning of the rotor blade (2) conforms to the period of revolution of the wind turbine, provided the wind turbine does not drop below a selected lower limit. 31. The method in accordance with claim 28, wherein a period of turning of a rotor blade (2) is kept generally constant when the period of revolution of the wind turbine drops below a selected lower limit. 32. The method in accordance with claim 28, wherein the periodic turning motion oscillates between two extreme values. 33. The method in accordance with claim 32, wherein the amplitude of the turning of a rotor blade (2) is governed by differing wind velocities above ground that act on the rotor blade generally at its uppermost and lowest position, either by reference to measurement of different wind velocities or by reference to a control formula based on an estimation of different wind velocities. 34. The method in accordance with claim 33, wherein the amplitude of the turning of the rotor blade (2) during operation does not fall below a selected limit. 35. The method in accordance with claim 31, wherein a mean between extreme values of the turning of a rotor blade (2) depends on wind velocity. 36. Wind power system comprising at least one elongated rotor blade mounted on a hub (3) of a wind turbine by means of a bearing unit (1; 1′; 52) provided with two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) concentric with one another, one of the connecting elements (13) being rigidly connected to a back end (5) of the at least one elongated rotor blade, the other connecting element (14) being rigidly connected to the rotor hub (3), with the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) having surface areas (59, 60) facing one another, between which there is a gap, such that the connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) turn freely with respect to one another, wherein each of the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) exhibits an annular configuration, each provided with attachment boreholes (17, 18; 57, 58) arranged in the form of a crown, for connection to the hub (3) and to an annular connecting surface (6) at a back end of said rotor blade (2); a) wherein at each circumferential region (21, 36) in the gap between the two surface areas (59, 60), an inner surface of the outer connecting element (14) and an outer surface of the radially inward connecting element (13) is provided with at least two races (22, 23; 36, 37; 63, 64) for rotating rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) which roll between the race (63) of the one connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) and the race (64) of the other connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54);b) the rotating rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) running in an annular gap between the two connecting elements (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) in a space sealed off from surroundings;c) the at least two races (22, 23; 36, 37; 63, 64) being axially displaced from one another on each connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54), each for a row of the rotating rollers (24, 25; 61, 62), whereind) the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) of the two races are displaced from one another and are provided with a selected one of a cylindrical, a conical, a needle-shaped, and barrel-shaped configuration; whereine) the rollers (24, 25; 61, 62) of the two races, axially displaced with respect to one another, are aligned such that their axes of rotation (31; 69, 70) intersect a longitudinal axis of said rotor blade (2) at an angle of 30°-90°; whereinf) there is provided means for controlling said at least one elongated rotor blade such that said blade is constantly or periodically turned around its longitudinal axis, at least during operation of the wind power system, even when a constant wind velocity does not make it necessary to adjust said blade; whereing) said at least one rotor blade (2) is formed as a lateral surface (4) surrounding an internal cavity, the lateral surface (4) having a configuration generally constituting a lateral cylinder surface at a rearward end (5) of said rotor blade (2) and extends to a planar rearward connection surface (6) with annular disposed bores (7), which coincide with annular distributed through-bores (17, 18; 57, 58) in a connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54) with regard to number, diameter and orientation, such that the bores and through-bores are aligned with each other and permit insertion of a screw or a bolt into the connecting element (13, 14; 13′, 14′; 53, 54), which screw or bolt is adapted to be screwed into said rotor blade (2) or is otherwise anchored therein,h) wherein each of the annular disposed bores (7) in the planar rearward connection surface (6) of said rotor blade (2) leads to a respective anchoring body (8) implanted in said rotor blade (2) and extends into the anchoring body (8) as an internally threaded bore.
