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The invention relates to a process for producing xylose and cellulose from a biomass comprising: (a) mixing a biomass with a reactive fluid comprising water and a supercritical C1-C5 alcohol to form a mixture at a first temperature and a first pressure; (b) maintaining the mixture at the first tempe

The invention relates to a process for producing xylose and cellulose from a biomass comprising: (a) mixing a biomass with a reactive fluid comprising water and a supercritical C1-C5 alcohol to form a mixture at a first temperature and a first pressure; (b) maintaining the mixture at the first temperature and first pressure for a first time period, wherein a reaction occurs; and (c) quenching the reaction to form at least one reaction product mixture; wherein xylose and cellulose are produced by the process. Lignin may also be produced by the processes of the invention.

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1. A process comprising: (a) contacting a biomass and a reactive fluid comprising water and supercritical C1-C5 alcohol to form a reactant mixture at a first temperature and a first pressure; wherein the C1-C5 alcohol is present at a level of about 40 wt % to about 55 wt % in said reactive fluid;whe

1. A process comprising: (a) contacting a biomass and a reactive fluid comprising water and supercritical C1-C5 alcohol to form a reactant mixture at a first temperature and a first pressure; wherein the C1-C5 alcohol is present at a level of about 40 wt % to about 55 wt % in said reactive fluid;wherein the first temperature is about 243° C. to about 300° C.;(b) maintaining the reactant mixture at the first temperature and first pressure for a first time period, wherein a reaction occurs; and(c) optionally quenching the reaction to form at least one reaction product mixture; wherein a product selected from the group consisting of xylose and cellulose is produced by the process. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein lignin is produced by the process. 3. The process of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: (d) recovering one or more products selected from the group consisting of cellulose, xylose and lignin from the at least one reaction product mixture. 4. The process of claim 2, further comprising: (d) filtering the at least one reaction product mixture to produce a first solid and a first reaction product mixture filtrate, wherein the first solid comprises cellulose, and the first reaction product mixture filtrate comprises xylose and lignin. 5. The process of claim 4, further comprising: (e) partitioning the first reaction product mixture filtrate into a water soluble fraction and an ethanol soluble fraction, wherein the water soluble fraction comprising xylose and the ethanol soluble fraction comprises lignin. 6. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein the biomass is a lignocellulosic biomass. 7. The process of claim 1, wherein the water is sub-critical water. 8. The process of claim 1, wherein the water is near-critical water. 9. The process of claim 1, wherein the C1-C5 alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, and butanol. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the reactive fluid further comprises supercritical CO2. 11. The process of claim 10, wherein the reactive fluid is about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % CO2. 12. The process of claim 1, wherein the first pressure is about 63.8 bar to about 220 bar. 13. The process of claim 1, wherein the first time period is about 0.1 min to about 60 min. 14. The process of claim 1, wherein prior to contacting with the reactive fluid, the biomass is present as a slurry. 15. The process of claim 1, wherein the process is a batch process, a semi-batch process or a continuous process. 16. A process for fractionating a biomass comprising: (a) feeding a slurry comprising a biomass in a first fluid comprising water and a C1-C5 alcohol and optionally CO2 to a reactor, wherein the biomass, first fluid, and optional CO2 form a reactant mixture; wherein the C1-C5 alcohol is present at a level of about 40 wt % to about 55 wt % in said first fluid;(b) maintaining the reactant mixture in the reactor at a first temperature and first pressure for a first time period, wherein the C1-C5 alcohol is supercritical at the first temperature and first pressure, and wherein a reaction occurs; wherein the first temperature is about 243° C. to about 300° C.;(c) quenching the reaction, wherein one or more reaction product mixtures comprising one or more fractionated products are produced; and(d) recovering one or more fractionated products from the one or more reaction product mixtures. 17. A process for fractionating a biomass comprising: (a) forming a first reactant mixture comprising a biomass, water, and CO2 at a first temperature and a first pressure;(b) maintaining the first reactant mixture at the first temperature and the first pressure for a first time period, wherein the CO2 is supercritical and the water is sub-critical, and wherein a first reaction occurs; wherein the first temperature is about 243° C. to about 300° C.;(c) recovering a solid from the first reaction mixture;(d) contacting the solid with a second fluid comprising a C1-C5 alcohol to form a second reactant mixture at a second temperature and a second pressure;(e) maintaining the second reactant mixture at the second temperature and the second pressure for a second time period, wherein a second reaction occurs; and(f) quenching the second reaction to form at least one reaction product mixture.