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A method of rotating a sample for use in a cryocooler, having the steps of mounting a sample in a sample mounting apparatus, the apparatus comprising a housing having an outer wall surface, an inner wall surface, a mount attached to the inner wall surface for supporting the sample, and a motor for r

A method of rotating a sample for use in a cryocooler, having the steps of mounting a sample in a sample mounting apparatus, the apparatus comprising a housing having an outer wall surface, an inner wall surface, a mount attached to the inner wall surface for supporting the sample, and a motor for rotating the sample, and an exchange gas to provide thermal communication between the moving sample and the inner housing surfaces; sealing the housing by applying a sealant to adjoining parts of the housing such that the joints are air tight; evacuating the housing; adding an inert gas to the housing; sealing the inert gas in the housing; attaching the outer wall surface of the housing to a cryocooler; and rotating the sample by engaging the motor. Also disclosed is a cryogenic apparatus having a sample holder; a cryo-cooler; a thermal link connecting the sample holder and the cryo-cooler; and a motor attached to the sample holder for rotating a sample.

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1. A method of rotating a sample for use in a cryocooler comprising: a) mounting a sample in a sample mounting apparatus, comprising a housing having an outer wall surface, an inner wall surface, a mount attached to the inner wall surface for supporting the sample, and a motor for rotating the sampl

1. A method of rotating a sample for use in a cryocooler comprising: a) mounting a sample in a sample mounting apparatus, comprising a housing having an outer wall surface, an inner wall surface, a mount attached to the inner wall surface for supporting the sample, and a motor for rotating the sample;b) sealing the housing by applying a sealant to adjoining parts of the housing such that the joints between the parts do not allow gas to enter or leave the housing;c) evacuating the housing;d) adding an inert gas to the housing;e) sealing the inert gas in the housing;f) attaching the outer wall surface of the housing to a cryocooler; andg) rotating the sample by engaging the motor. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising sealing the housing joints with indium. 3. The method of claim 1, comprising sealing the housing joints with epoxy. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising sealing the housing joints with solder. 5. The sample mounting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inert gas is helium. 6. The sample mounting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising providing a transparent window portion for optical access to the sample. 8. The method of claim 7, comprising sealing the window portion to the housing with an indium seal. 9. The method of claim 7, comprising attaching the window portion to the housing with epoxy or glue, and providing a housekeeper seal in the housing to accommodate the differences in size of materials due to thermal expansion. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said housing is comprised of copper. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said motor is comprised of non-conducting materials or insulators for the purpose of dissipating eddy currents. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein said motor is comprised of non-magnetic materials. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said motor is comprised of aluminum. 14. A cryogenic apparatus comprising: a sample holder;a cryo-cooler;a thermal link connecting the sample holder and the cryo-cooler; anda motor attached to the sample holder for rotating a sample. 15. The cryogenic apparatus of claim 14, wherein the cryo-cooler can be replaced with an open-cycle cryostst. 16. The cryogenic apparatus of claim 14, wherein the structure comprises a nested thermally insulated structure.